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Home My WebLink AboutSoil and Water Inventory UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE liax Li Noblesville, in . April 12, 1971 Myrneth Anderson, Chairman Carmel-Clay -Flan Cmmission A. 4Box 349A Carmel, Thdiana 4t,C32 SUBJCT: Woodlands #1 -- Lakei Jingle Family Residetts Dear Plan Commission Menibers: This is a vary complicated situation. Rt. Thompson and I walked over the arta, but there are a aumber of unanswered questions at this point. Soils: The colored soils map indicates the limitations for the intended use--that being residential with public sewers and lake. the attached soil later2retation sheets further explain these limitations. the intended land use on this section of the, tract is very good—the red-aevereara its where the lake and recreational area is planned-- this is proper land use. The green and yeAlow areas are alio good because of their soil structure and the ersinaeeinto the lake. Lake: me proposed lake is about 16 acres. Tt leo happens that this pro .75,g74 lake is sitting directly aver a legal drain tile. Mr. Thompson will ilaVC to get peratia:Aon from the Haailton County Drainage Bard to vacate thie section. of the legal drain. There is no pm4posed elevation for the lake. As it stands now, the ,iater .aal back or Mr. Henael's property. Mr, Thorpson stated that he was trying to work out an agreement with Mr. Ansel. If no agreme1=A can be worked out ends levee installed at the property line, then the drainage from Mr. Hensel4s property will be blocked unless a ditch is constructed on thswest side of the lake or the drainage incorporated into the storm sewer system. The demand spillway will have to be approved by the Indiana De- partment of Natural RASSOUreeS, rivisi= of Flood Control. This is mandatary because homes will be built below the dam and protection is noesssary in caseof fallurc, etc. Blue Woods Creek: According to the County Surveyor's records, this section--across this property and across Geneva Fisher's property to Ralph Morgan north south property line-- is not a legal drain. Therefore, the jurisdiction lies with the Indiana Depertment of Natural Resources, Division of water. An application form will have to be secured from thee. However, this section of natural stream does outlet into a legal drain and still must be ap- proved by the Hamilton County Drainage Board also. This stream needs reconstruction. According to theplans, the existing stream below the proposed dam is to be relocated and that a corrugated metal pipe is to be installed under the proposed street. The plans do not show the size of the proposed pipe. This pipe also is the outlet for the spillway and will also need Indiana Department of Natural Resource approval. The main street coming off of 106th street does not show a bridge or pipe under it. This same stream will cross under this street. Undoubtedly this street will be the main entrance to this part of the development and will be constructed first. It appears to me that this should be shown on this set of plans. The two corrugated metal pipes under 106th Street and Chester Road need replacing. They both are too small and old. The size and elevations of these will need approval from Hamilton County Highway Department and Indiana Department of Natural Resources. eater Aanagement: It appears from the plans that there is a very good layout for drainage. I suggest that where the swales are located that a drainage easement be established so that future maintenance can be done and so that permanent structures won't bebuilt on the easement area. recreation Area: This is a good place for recreation. However, care must be taken when installing equipment because if there is no flood storage in the lake, some of this area may be under water during heavy rainfall. Erosion Control: erosion can be a real problem along the edge of the lake. Much care should be exercised to prevent the banks from eroding. Once the water elevation is established, the area immediately above this should be seeded to 30 lb. fescue grass per acre to control erosion. If this is dont then and the grass is established before the lake fills, the area will be stabilized when the water reaches its maximum elevation. when the dam is completed, it too should be seeded with this same mixture. it should be fertilized also and mulched with straw to securea good grass cover. This is critical because the life and safety of the lake depends on a good spillway and dam. The rest of the area that won't be farmed this year should be seeded with 4 lb. annual ryegrass per acre. Erosion on some of the developments is serious and this area has some slope rich further emphasizes the need for vegetative cover. Sincerely, ' Tom Schellenberger District Conservationist TS:bs cc: Homer dradle, Bldg. Comm. Schutz & Thompson SCS-228 (10-62) CONSERVATION PLAN MAP oiler UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE ��o cooperating with OUR SOIL * OUtj STRENGTH - Soil Conservation District Owner -NJ aAii t-" PI c�10 f37,e1 Sc'7/.J L/ Plan No. Date ----- ----5‘, - 2/ Operator ,Scale Acres / Approximate .= -ii,/./.,fl?i11/ C /EIL Photo No. �L�CZ 1 County Sta GPO:1963 0-668828 \ `} 4 t £s C J*,. ., Itt.i.Hte.- -3..7„;.t.:,;.-,.41.;;;i0,4, 5,1,,,,,.434-;4:74,!..frii:,;; ;z: 1 �i/Srii, 7- ; ,,,,,,co, a___ '7) -.7- „,:''Xi .,.= ':'.. .Nei.6 t.,_ r ia J ,! --g/57/ --z,7-,, ' -4A411 - 4.Z) .).'-i----• ?' / //r7,74'3-2 _____ e': "11/1 .�' / 1--cc /1 j/ / // o f4S /Q�_5'i/J/,/ Q'lLi"�..i .G L�C7/�tl D�n_51d�[7�. �d e/"E%�S/fJ/'aJ /y.2_,d-/ Li CSb Sll� cGr;v Z1-,a2 o SleX)E S'l/ _ h• T ic? S1.6y� 14<i r— / 11/Off ri si!1 -/_!tg/j , c - ,-JcC7 -5' c1 ef"' , !�/ a � s // �jL/L/ � �l/OZ/ l7ai �-z O S 'E" ,9'! D CYE/-6V/E E i'D,_S 4"-al IN-102a EXPLANATION OF THE SOIL MAP (3/68) (for non-agricultural uses) Your land is the foundation of your conservation plan. Plan it within its limitations and treat it according to its needs. The Soil Conservation Service and your Soil and Water Conservation District will help you use this information to develop a conservation plan for your land. The soil map shows important facts about your land. This information should help you decide on the land use and treatment needs. Degree of Limitations slight Relatively free of limitations or with limitations that are easy to overcome. moderate Limitations need to be recognized; can be overcome with correct planning, proper treatment and good management. Limitations are severe enough to make use questionable; .» careful planning, proper treatment and above average management are needed. Extreme measures are needed to overcome limitations; usage is generally not practical. Mapping Land Use Symbol 122 ;te . and Soil ee, Series K �GA,Pa`Lta 't7— 91.1 t,- SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE - USDA • 8961 '8039 'N100N11-SDS-YOSO „suoTqugtuzTT Jo aaa2ep„ Jo uoTqEuEldxs pine sitos Jo uotq.dtaosaQ pueZ stuq uo elToS Jo sput)I •uotsoaa „p„ sueau1 aan2TJ uoTsoaa oN *3— •edois „V„ sueauz aaqpT odors oN eaaaag S.JOA - aaaaaS - e aqeaapom - 442TTS - T a.uaaedde oN - 0 uotsoaa Jo eaa2ea deo Lzaa 2utdois 3T-9 0 daaqs SZ-gT &utdoTs &Tqua2 9 -Z 2utdoTs .gT2uoaqs gT-zi Q TaaaT -&Ta eau Z -0 V (a.ueo aad uT) adoiS :aiduexe uy ,;uotsoae pine '*edois 'ed&q. 'Toe eqg. Mohs deux eqq. uo sToqu&s &utddEw • BROOKSTON SERIES ESTIMATED PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN-226-B 5/18/67 $ of material Available Classification passing sieve Permeability water Soil Shrink- No. 10 No. 40 No. 200 inches capacity reaction swell USDA Texture Unified AASHO 2.0 mm. .42 mm. 0.074 mm. per hour in./in. pH potential Surface layer 0 to 12 inches; CL or CH A-7 100 90-100 80-90 0.20 - 0.63 0.19-0.21 6.6-7.3 Moderate silty clay loam Subsoil 12 to 42 inches; CL or CH A-7 100 90-100 75-90 0.06 - 0.20 0.19-0.21 6.6-7.3 Moderate silty clay loam and clay loam Underlying material 42 to 60 inches; ML or CL A-4 or 100 75-85 55-70 0.20 - 0.63 0.17-0.20 Calcareous Low loam A-6 INTERPRETATIONS OF ENGINEERING PROPERTIES Suitability as a source of: Topsoil Surface: fair - clayey. Subsoil: poor - clayey: high water table. Sand and gravel Not suitable. Road subgrade and? r Subsoil and substratum: fair to poor - moderate to low shrink-swell; fair to poor shear strength and highway fills compaction; subject to frost heave; fair to poor stability; high water table. a ••-4- ; � sW . .-, ,f_ . .,*',- `a4` ate=+. +<,> 4 ., ___ a+a::.a::-_i.."i'�f :Son. feot.ures efffecting Ase fol ' Highway location High water table; subject to frost heave; clayey material. y.R. Foundations for Poorly drained; subject to ponding; high water table; fair to poor shear strength; medium to high low buildings ' compressibility. "'"kk��ta r' Pond reservoir k High water table; moderate to slow seepage. areas ,4 "'Subsoil and substratum:`' fair to poop etabilit ` d,'&6Mpactiti; low permeability when compacted; `w4. Dams, dikes, lev medium to high compressibility; good resistance to piping: = low to moderate shrink-swell; fair to and embankment poor shear strength. __.. .n. _�....,nxsc+rar�k.»,�.-w.�:,:: �.;y.,r^�.�n,es'k+?.a:rmm+......r,. .tee'," _�Y,+� .,,,,,„,,a,„_,,,,,,,,,.,_.....„,,,,,,,,,,..,..„ Waterways Generally not needed, level and depressional. Agricultural High water table; slow permeability; level to depressional. drainage Terraces and Not needed, level and depressional. diversions �i �--� � /� LIMITATIONS FOR SOME URBAN USES 1/ /�(! �� `r .. ..�i-A, Residential develop- ment with SEVERE - poorly drained; subject to ponding; high water table. public sewer Residential develop- SEVERE - high water table; subject to ponding; slow permeability. Estimated percolation rate slower went without than 75 minutes/inch. public sewer Buildings for light industrial, commer- SEVERE - poorly drained; subject to ponding; high water table. cial and public use 1/ The soil is evaluated only to a depth of 5 feet or less. Soils are rated on the basis of four classes of soil limitations: Slight - relatively free of limitations or limitations are easily overcome; Moderate - limitations need to be recognized, but can be overcome with good management and careful design; Severe - limitations are severe enough to make use questionable; Very Severe - extreme measures are needed to overcome the limitations and usage generally is unsound or not practical. 5,L-25790-8 Map Symbols BROOKSTON INDIANA Date 1/68 Soil Series SOIL INTERPRETATIONS 5/17 5/18/68/67 BRIEF SOIL DESCRIPTION: The Brookston series consists of deep, poorly drained soils that have a moderately fine textured surface layer and subsoil. They developed in glacial till and occupy nearly level flats and depressions in the uplands. The native vegetation was mainly water-tolerant grasses and hardwood trees. Brookston soils are high in organic matter and have a high available moisture capacity. They have slow permeability and runoff is very slow or ponded. INTERPRETATIONS FOR CROPLAND, PASTURE, AND WOODLAND Cropland - general and Well suited for growingcorn, soybeans, small speciality farm crops Y grain and grasses and legumes when drained. Pasture Suited for growing alfalfa, alsike clover, ladino clover, red clover, brome grass and orchard grass. Selection of legume depends on completeness of drainage. Woodland Important wood crop: wetland oak. Well suited for growing: wetland oak, red maple, white ash. Land capability unit and yield predictions: Slope Capability Corn-bu. Soybeans-bu. Wheat-bu. Oats-bu. Legume-Grass (hay) Pasture (AUM) Class Eros. unit A B A B A B A B A B tons A B A 0 IIw 80 125 30 45 35 50 60 90 3.0 5.5 5.o 10.5 LIMITATIONS FOR WILDLIFE 1/ Openland wildlife SEVERE - poorly drained; limitation - very severe for growing grain and seed crops; severe for grasses and legumes and wild herbaceous upland plants; slight for hardwood woody plants. Woodland wildlife SLIGHT Wetland wildlife SLIGHT LIMITATIONS FOR RECREATION 1/ Cottages and SEVERE - poorly drained; high water table: subject to ponding. utility buildings Tent and camp SEVERE - poorly drained; subject to ponding. trailer sites Picnic areas, parks and SEVERE - poorly drained; subject to ponding. extensive play areas Playground, athletic field and intensive SEVERE - poorly drained; subject to ponding. play areas Bridle paths, nature SEVERE - poorly drained; high water table. and hiking trails Golf course fairways SEVERE - poorly drained; high water table. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE National Cooperative Soil Survey-USA SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE in cooperation with PURDUE UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION 5,L-25790—) CROSBY SERIES ESTIMATED PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN-226-B 5/18/67 % of material Availabl, Classification passing sieve Permeability water Soil Shrink- No. 10 No. 140 No. 200 inches capacity reaction swell USDA Texture Unified AASHO 2.0 mm. .42 mm. 0.074 mm. per hour in./in. pH potential Surface layer 0 to 9 inches; ML or CL A-4 or 100 90-100 85-95 0.63 - 2.00 0.17 - 0.20 6.1 - 6.6 Low silt loam A-6 Subsoil 9 to 32 inches; CL or CH A-6 or 100 95-100 75-85 0.06 - 0.20 0.19 - 0.21 5.1 - 6.6 Moderate silty clay loam and/or A-7 clay loam Underlying 32 to 60 inches; ML or CL A-4 or 95-100 80-90 60-70 0.63 - 2.00 0.17 - 2.00 Calcareous Low material A-6 loam INTERPRETATIONS OF ENGINEERING PROPERTIES Suitability as a source of: Topsoil Surface: good or fair - medium or low in organic matter. Subsoil: fair or poor - seasonal high water table; clayey. Sand and gravel Not suitable. , . ."�rc' '•3 '�: "3itr es.`�.bk�t' +5�'"� ,.'. ' .bc Road subgrade and- ' Subsoil and substratum: fair to poor - moderate to low shrink-swell; fair to poor shear strength and highway fills' "'compaction; subject to frost heave; fair to poor stability; seasonal high water table. , S. i.1 fwatures;affecting tkse:fol' .:.`.. Highway location Seasonal high water table; subject to frost heave. "' Foundations forSomewhat poorly drained; seasonal high water table; fair to poor shear strength; medium to high low buildings °1 '-eompFessibili y. - Pond reservoir axonal high water table; slow permeability; slow seepage in subsoil, moderate seepage in substratum. , areas >mr "Subsoil and substr u V- " rre' -Svmortffbsbt ,ac ee.tiORa..0o47,WW4 1.14, p Dams, dikes, leve medium to high compressibility; good resistance to piping; low to moderate shrink swell fair to `"�+ and embankments oeor.s7�ar strength. ,»r.rc.e..,;y.-ren-eH.a . > .< , x r� Waterways No limitations. Agricultural Seasonal high water table; slow permeability. drainage Terraces and No limitations. diversions LIMITATIONS FOR SOME URBAN USES 1/ /47/' C1L'2L'- Residential develop- MODERATE - somewhat poorly drained; seasonal high wateble at 2 to 4 feet; medium to high went with compressibility; fair to poor shear strength. public sewer Residential develop- SEVERE - seasonal high water table at 2 to 4 feet; slow permeability; estimated percolation rate ment without slower than 75 minutes/inch. public sewer Buildings for light MODERATE - somewhat poorly drained; seasonal high water table at 2 to 4 feet; medium to high industrial, commer- compressibility; fair to poor shear strength. cial and public use 1/ The soil is evaluated only to a depth of 5 feet or less. Soils are rated on the basis of four classes of soil limitations: Slight - relatively free of limitations or limitations are easily overcome: Moderate - limitations need to be recognized, but can be overcome with good management and careful design; Severe - limitations are severe enough to make use questionable; Very Severe - extreme measures are needed to overcome the limitations and usage generally is unsound or not practical. 5,L-25790-8 USDA-SCS.LINCOLM.NEIN.1961 Map Symbols CROSBY INDIANA Date 1/68 Soil Series SOIL INTERPRETATIONS 56 /18/ 7 5/18/67 BRIEF SOIL DESCRIPTION : The Crosby series consists of deep, somewhat poorly drained soils that have a medium textured surface layer and moderately fine textured subsoil. They developed in glacial till on nearly level and gently sloping uplands. The native vegetation was mainly mixed hardwood trees. Crosby soils are medium or low in organic matter and have a high available moisture capacity. They have slow permeability and runoff is very slow or slow. INTERPRETATIONS FOR CROPLAND, PASTURE, AND WOODLAND Cropland - general and Well suited for growing corn, soybeans, small grain and grasses and legumes for hay and pasture speciality farm crops when drained. Pasture Suited for growing alfalfa, alsike clover, Ladino clover, red clover, brome grass and orchard grass. Woodland Important wood crops: upland oak, tulip poplar. Well suited for planting: white pine, red maple, white oak. Land capability unit and yield predictions: Slope Capability Corn-bu. Soybeans-bu. Wheat-bu. Oats-bu. Legume-Grass (hay) Pasture (AUM) Class Eros. unit A B A B A B A B A B tons A B A 1 IIw 80 115 30 45 35 50 55 85 3.0 5.5 5.0 10.5 B 1 & 2 lIe 80 115 30 45 35 50 55 85 3.0 5.5 5.0 10.5 LIMITATIONS FCR WILDLIFE 1/ Openland wildlife SLIGHT Woodland wildlife MODERATE - somewhat poorly drained; limitations: moderate for grasses and legumes; slight for wild herbaceous upland plants and hardwood woody plants; severe for coniferous woody plants. MODERATE - 0 to 2 percent slopes; somewhat poorly drained; limitations: moderate for wetland food Wetland wildlife and cover plants, shallow water developments, ponds and for growing grain and seed crops. SEVERE - 2 to 6 percent slopes; somewhat poorly drained; limitations: severe for wetland food and cover Plants. shallow water developments and ponds; moderate for growing grain and seed crops. LIMITATIONS FOR RECREATION 1/ Cottages and MODERATE - seasonal high water table. utility buildings Tent and camp trailer sites MODERATE - somewhat poorly drained. Picnic areas, parks and MODERATE - somewhat poorly drained. extensive play areas Playground, athletic field and intensive MODERATE - somewhat poorly drained; slow permeability. play areas Bridle paths, nature MODERATE - somewhat poorly drained. and hiking trails Golf course fairways MODERATE - somewhat poorly drained. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE National Cooperative Soil Survey-USA SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE in cooperation with 5,L-25790—A PURDUE UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION MIAMI SERIES ESTIMATED PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN-226-B 5/18/67 % of material Available Classification passing sieve i Permeability water Soil Shrink- No. 10 No. 140 No. 200 inches capacity reaction swell USDA Texture Unified AASHO 2.0 mm. .42 mm. 0.074 mm. per hour in./in. pH potential Surface layer 0 to 10 inches. loam or silt loam ML A-4 100 85-100 65-90 0.63 - 2.00 0.17 - 0.20 6.1-6.5 Low silty clay loam CL or CH A-7 100 95-100 85-95 0.63 - 2.00 0.19 - 0.21 5.6-6.0 Moderate Subsoil 10 to 32 inches; CL or CH A-6 or 100 95-100 85-95 0.63 - 2.00 0.19 - 0.21 5.6-6.0 Moderate clay loam or silty clay A-7 loam Underlying material 32 to 60 inches CL A-6 100 85-95 75-85 0.63 - 2.00 0.17 - 0.2CCalcareous Low loam INTERPRETATIONS OF ENGINEERING PROPERTIES Suitability as a source of: Topsoil Surface: fair or good. Subsoil: fair to poor; somewhat clayey. Sand and gravel Not suitable. Road subgrade andby Sutal`i'an "substratum fair to poor - moderate shrink-swell; fair to poor shear strength and compaction; X highway fills 'ratr'41.004D4s-t Soil features affecting use for: , Highway location R Cute and fills needed; subject to frost heave. 4 ,_ Foundations for Fair' 'to poor shear strength; medium to high compressibili y low buildings , ''''''''-'-''''''''''m'''''''''"*" 4,,.*a -..vww;s44.r....-.,.--rok Pond reservoir Mo aerate seepage. areas Subsoil and substratum: fair to poor stability and compaction; low permeaolllty when compacted; meaium Dams, dikes, levees to high compressibility; good resistance to piping; moderate to low shrink-swell; fair to poor shear and embankments strength. Waterways No limitations. Agricultural Not generally needed. drainage Terraces and No soil limitations; areas with short slopes are not suited. diversions / / LIMITATIONS FOR SOME URBAN USES 1 (-22Z''-e--7_, >✓ ,r2 a�`"f 44,'- t` i r t J,'".x'' 6 y ,,." = y, '4' ,«t, s or* r - ,'..rt-...' "q_'"' t""a` % r c ,i" .'`. w�`;, i"P' '°+`d ern ',yeA ` - ' � . eau . rs Residential develop- MODERATE - 0 to 12 percent slopes - lower end of moderate permeability; estimated percolation rate ment without" 45 to 75 minutes/inch. public sewer Buildings for light SLIGHT - 0 to 6 percent slopes. industrial, commer- MODERATE - 6 to 12 percent slopes. cial and public use 1/ The soil is evaluated only to a depth of 5 feet or less. Soils are rated on the basis of four classes of soil limitations: Slight - relatively free of limitations or limitations are easily overcome; Moderate - limitations need to be recognized, but can be overcome with good management and careful design; Severe - limitat ons are severe enough to make use questionable; Very Severe - extreme measures are needed to overcome the limitations and usage generally is unsound or not practical. ...•x.UNCOLN .u..... 5, L-25790-B Map Symbols MIAMI INDIANA Date 1/68 Soil Series SOIL INTERPRETATIONS IN-226-A 5/18/61 BRIEF SOIL DESCRIPTION: The Miami series consists of deep, well drained soils that have a medium or moderately fine textured surface layer and moderately fine textured subsoil. They developed in loamy glacial till and occupy nearly level to moderately sloping areas on upland till plains. In many places these soils have a mantle of loess up to 18 inches thick. The native vegetation was mainly hardwood trees. Miami soils are low in organic matter and have a high available moisture capacity. They have moderate permeability and runoff is slow to rapid. INTERPRETATIONS FOR CROPLAND, PASTURE, AND WOODLAND Cropland - general and Well suited for growing corn, soybeans, small grain and grasses and legumes. Many speciality speciality farm crops crops like tomatoes, sweet corn, and beans are also well suited. Pasture Well suited for growing alfalfa, red clover, brome grass, tall fescue and orchard grass. Important wood crops: upland oak, tulip poplar, white pine. Woodland Well suited for planting: black locust, tulip poplar, black walnut, white pine. Land capability unit and yield predictions: Slope Capability Corn -bu. Soybeans-bu Wheat-bu. Oats -bu. Legume-Grass (hay) Pasture (AGM) Class Eros. unit A B A B A B A B A B tone A B A 1 I 75 120 30 45 37 50 60 90 3.5 5.5 5.8 10.5 B 1 & 2 lIe 70 110 28 4o 35 50 55 85 3.0 5.0 5.o 9 5 B 3 IIIe 55 100 20 35 30 45 50 70 2.7 5.0 4-5 9.5 C 1 & 2 IIIe 55 loo 20 35 30 45 5o 70 2.7 5.0 4.5 9.5 C 3 IVe 45 75 16 25 25 4o 45 70 3.o 4.5 5.o 8.5 LIMITATIONS FOR WILDLIFE 1/ SLIGHT - 0 to 12 percent, eroded. Openland wildlife MODERATE - 2 to 12 percent slopes, severely eroded; limitations - moderate for growing grain and seed crops, grass and legumes, wild herbaceous upland plants; slight for hardwood woody plants. SLIGHT - 0 to 12 percent, eroded. Woodland wildlife MODERATE - 2 to 12 percent slopes, severely eroded; limitations - moderate for grasses and legumes, wild herbaceous upland plants; slight for hardwood woody plants and severe for coniferous woody plants. VERY SEVERE - well drained; limitations - very severe for wetland food and cover plants, shallow Wetland wildlife water developments and ponds; slight on 0 to 6 percent slopes and moderate on 6 to 12 percent slopes for growing grain and seed crops. LIMITATIONS FOR RECREATION 1/ Cottages and SLIGHT - 0 to 6 percent slopes. utility buildings MODERATE - 6 to 12 percent slopes. Tent and camp SLIGHT - 0 to 6 percent slopes. trailer sites MODERATE - 6 to 12 percent slopes. Picnic areas, parks and SLIGHT - 0 to 6 percent slopes. extensive play areas MODERATE - 6 to 12 percent slopes. Playground, athletic SLIGHT - 0 to 2 percent slopes. field and intensive MODERATE - 2 to 6 percent slopes. play areas SEVERE - 6 to 12 percent slopes. Bridle paths, nature SLIGHT and hiking trails SLIGHT - 0 to 6 percent slopes. Golf course fairways MODERATE - 6 to 12 percent slopes. Severely eroded units are severe. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE National Cooperative Soil Survey-USA SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE in cooperation with PURDUE UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION 5,L-25790—J •i USE AND EXPLANATION OF SOIL INTERPRETATION SHEETS - INDIANA April 1968 The interpretation sheet(s) provide information on the interpretations of soils for cropland, pasture, and woodland; wildlife; recreation; estimated physical and chemical properties; engineering properties; and some urban uses. Some interpretations are expressed in terms of the degree of limitation. Slight, moderate, severe, or very severe are the four degrees of limitations used and are defined as follows: Slight- relatively free of limitations or limitations are easily overcome. Moderate- limitations need to be recognized, but can be overcome with good management and careful design. Severe- limitations are severe enough to make use questionable. Very Severe- extreme measures are needed to overcome the limitations and usage generally is unsound or not practical. THE INTERPRETATIONS WILL NOT ELIMINATE THE NEED FOR ON-SITE STUDY, TESTING, AND PLANNING OF SPECIFIC SITES FOR THE USE AND DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION FOR SPECIFIC USES. THE INTERPRETATIONS CAN BE USED AS A GUIDE TO PLANNING MORE DETAILED INVESTIGATIONS AND FOR AVOIDING UNDESIRABLE SITES FOR AN INTENDED USE. BY USING THE SOIL MAP AND INTERPRETATIONS, IT IS POSSIBLE TO SELECT SITES THAT HAVE THE LEAST LIMITATIONS FOR AN INTENDED USE. MANY SOMEWHAT POORLY AND POORLY DRAINED SOILS HAVE SEVERE OR VERY SEVERE LIMITATIONS IN THEIR NATURAL CONDITION FOR SOME LAND USES. THESE SAME SOILS, WHEN DRAINED ARTIFICIALLY, MAY HAVE ONLY A SLIGHT LIMITATION FOR THESE SAME LAND USES. MODERN EQUIPMENT AND KNOWLEDGE MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO OVERCOME MOST OF THE LIMITATIONS OF SOILS FOR MANY LAND USES. THE DEGREE OF LIMITATION AND THE LOCATION OF THE SOIL WILL HELP DETERMINE THE PRACTICABILITY OF DEVELOPING THE SOIL FOR THE INTENDED USE. NO CONSIDERATION WAS GIVEN IN THESE INTERPRETATIONS TO THE SIZE AND SHAPE OF SOIL AREAS, NOR TO THE PATTERN THEY FORM WITH OTHER SOILS ON THE LANDSCAPE. FOR EXAMPLE, SOME VERY DESIRABLE SOIL AREAS ARE TOO SMALL IN SIZE OR TOO IRREGULAR IN SHAPE, OR THEIR OCCURRENCE WITH LESS DESIRABLE SOILS FORMS A PATTERN TOO COMPLEX TO BE UTILIZED FOR THE INTENDED USE. ALTHOUGH NOT CONSIDERED IN THE INTERPRETATIONS, THESE ITEMS SHOULD INFLUENCE THE FINAL SELECTION OF A SITE. WHEN THE INTERPRETATION SHEETS ARE USED IN CONNECTION WITH DELINEATED SOIL AREAS ON SOIL MAPS, THE INFORMATION PERTAINS TO THE DOMINANT SOIL FOR WHICH THE SOIL AREA IS NAMED. OTHER SOILS, TOO SMALL IN EXTENT TO MAP OUT, MAY OCCUR WITHIN THE SOIL MAP AREA. THE INTERPRETATIONS ORDINARILY DO NOT APPLY TO THE INCLUDED SOILS. MORE DETAILED STUDIES ARE REQUIRED IF SMALL, SPECIFIC SITES ARE TO BE DEVELOPED OR USED WITHIN A GIVEN SOIL AREA. FOR EXAMPLE, A SOIL MAP AREA BEARING THE NAME MIAMI SILT LOAM, 2 TO 6 PERCENT SLOPES, ALSO CAN INCLUDE SMALL UNMAPPABLE AREAS OF OTHER SOILS, SUCH AS CROSBY AND BROOKSTON. THE INTERPRETATIONS APPLY ONLY TO THE MIAMI PART OF THE DELINEATED SOIL AREA, AND NOT TO THE ENTIRE SOIL AREA. EXPLANATION OF THE INTERPRETATIONS IN SEQUENCE AS ARRANGED ON THE INTERPRETATION SHEET(S) Brief Soil Description- a brief description of the soil series is provided to define it in general terms. Cropland- listed are the major kinds of general and for some soils, a few speciality crops that are suited. Properties of the soil, such as erosion hazard, wetness limitation, climate, slope and general fertility are items considered in the Evaluation of the soil. Pasture- listed are the major kinds of legumes and grasses that are suited. Properties of the soil such as erosion hazard, wetness limitation, climate, slope, and general fertility are items considered in the evaluation of the soil. Woodland- listed are the major kinds of wood crops that are suited. Available water capacity, depth to root restricting layers, and natural drainage are major factors in determining the limitation of the soil. Land Capability Unit- indicates the degree of the hazard or limitation from Class I to VIII for the use of the soil for agriculture and the nature of soil limitation; e - erosion; s - root zone limitations; w - wetness. Yield Predictions- given in terms of "A" or average level of management and "B" or high level of management. The two levels of management are defined as follows: "A" (average)- average management includes the use of limestone and fertilizers, but soil reaction and available nutrients are often inadequate or not properly balanced for best crop yields. Some erosion control and drainage improvements have been made, but more are commonly needed. Cropping systems, plant populations, organic matter supplies, and soil physical conditions may be below levels needed for optimum crop yields. Cultural practices, such as tillage, use of good adapted seed, and control of weeds, diseases, and harmful insects may not be adequate. More attention should be given to timely application and the proper combination of improved practices. "B" (high)- high level management includes the application of effective practices adapted to different crops, soils, and climatic conditions. Such practices include providing for adequate drainage, protection from flooding, erosion and runoff control, optimum tillage, and planting the correct kind and amount of high quality seed. Control of weeds, diseases and harmful insects are other important considerations. Favorable soil reaction and optimum levels of available phosphorus and potassium need to be maintained for various crops by applying these fertilizers according to soil tests. High level management also includes efficient use of crop residues, barnyard manure and/or green manure crops. Cropping systems designed to control erosion, maintain optimum soil organic matter levels, and facilitate the production and utilization of nitrogen in soils are also important. The yield information, updated through 1967, is based on the North Central Regional Research Publication 166, titled "Productivity of Soils in the North Central Region of the U. S." LIMITATIONS FOR WILDLIFE -2- Openland Wildlife- includes birds and mammals that normally frequent cropland, pasture, meadows, and areas overgrown with grasses, herbs, and shrubby growth. Examples of this kind of wildlife are: quail, pheasants, meadowlarks, cotton tail rabbits and fox. Habitat elements evaluated in terms of the degree of limitations are: (a) grain and seed crops; (b) grasses and legumes: (c) wild herbaceous upland plants; (d) hardwood woody plants. Woodland Wildlife- includes birds and mammals that normally frequent wooded areas of hardwood trees and shrubs, coniferous trees and shrubs, or mixtures of such plants. Examples of this kind of wildlife are ruffed grouse, woodcocks, gray and red squirrels and white tail deer. Habitat elements evaluated in terms of the degree of limitations are: (a) grasses and legumes; (b) wild herbaceous upland plants; (c) hardwood woody plants; (d) coniferous woody plants. Wetland Wildlife- includes birds and mammals that normally frequent wet areas as ponds, streams or ditches, marshes and swamps. Examples of this kind of wildlife include ducks, rails, herons, mink and raccoon. Habitat elements evaluated in terms of the degree of limitations are: (a) wetland food and cover plants; (b) shallow water developments; (c) excavated ponds; (d) grain and seed crops. LIMITATIONS FOR RECREATION Cottages and Utility Buildings- these ratings apply to seasonal or year-round cottages, washrooms and bathrooms, picnic shelters and service buildings. Factors considered are: wetness and flood hazard, slope, rockiness and stoniness and depth to hard bedrock. Additional items that must be considered are: suitability for septic tank filter fields, shrink-swell and frost potential, hillside slippage, presence of loose sand, and bearing capacity. Suitability of soil for supporting vegetation and whether basements and underground utilities are planned should be considered in the final evaluation. Tent and Camp Trailer Sites- These are areas suitable for tent and camp trailer sites and the accompanying activities for outdoor living. They are used frequently during the camping season. These areas require little site preparation. They should be suitable for unsurfaced parking for car and camp trailers and heavy foot traffic by humans, horses and vehicular traffic. Factors considered are: wetness and flooding hazard, permeability, slope, surface soil texture, coarse fragments and stoniness or rockiness. Suitability of soil for supporting vegetation should be considered in the final evaluation. Picnic Areas, Parks and Extensive Play Areas- these are areas suitable for heavy foot traffic and used by people for the consumption of food in a natural outdoor environment. Ratings are based on: wetness and flooding hazard, slope, surface soil texture, stoniness and rockiness. Ratings do not include features as presence of trees or ponds which may affect the desirability of a site. Suitability of soil for supporting vegetation should be considered in the final evaluation. Playgrounds, Athletic Fields and Intensive Play Areas- these areas are developed for playgrounds and organized games such as baseball, football, tennis, badminton and the like. They are subject tc heavy foot traffic and generally require a level surface, good drainage and a soil texture and consistence that gives a firm surface. It is assumed that good vegetative cover can be established and maintained on areas where needed. Bridle Paths, Nature and Hiking Trails- this soil rating applies to areas that are to be used for trails, cross-country hiking, bridle paths and other intensive uses which allow for the movement of people. It is assumed that these areas are to be used as they occur in nature and that little soil will be moved in providing this recreational use. The most desirable soils from a physical standpoint for bridle paths, nature and hiking trails have good foot and hoof trafficability. They are well drained, loamy in texture, and have nearly level to sloping surfaces. They have good stability, are not subject to erosion or cutting out, and are free of coarse fragments and stones or rock outcrops. Consideration should be given to placement of paths and trails on sloping relief on the contour to help control erosion. Variability in slope gradient on paths and trails may serve to enhance interest but slopes should not exceed 12 percent for prolonged distances. Golf Course Fairways- in evaluating soils for use in golf courses, consideration was given only to those features of the soil that influence their use for fairways. Greens, traps, hazards, and tees are man-made, generally from disturbed, transported soil material. For best use, fairways should be well drained and firm, be free of flooding during use periods, have good trafficability, contain a minimum of coarse fragments or stones, and have gently undulating slopes. They should be capable of supporting a good turf and be well suited for growing many kinds of trees and shrubs. Loamy soils are best, but coarser textured soils serve equally well if irrigated. Poorly drained mineral and organic soils have severe limitations but they may be used for pond sites to provide esthetic value or for storing water for turf maintenance. Sandy soils likewise may be designed for hazards or used as a source of sand for greens. ESTIMATED PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Classifications- the classifications refer respectively to the USDA, Unified and AASHO systems. The USDA system is based on the relative proportion of various size groups of individual soil grains in a mass of soil. This system refers to the proportion of sand, silt, and clay in a soil, giving rise to basic soil textural class names, such as sand, sandy loam, loam, clay loam, silty clay loam, etc. The Unified system is based on identification of soils according to their textural and plasticity qualities and their grouping with respect to their performance as engineering construction materials. Percentage of gravel, sand and fines, grain-size distribution, plasticity and compressibility characteristics form the basis of identification. The American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO) system of classifying soils is an engineering property classification. It is based on field performance of highways. According to this system, soils having about the same general load-carrying capacity and service properties are grouped to form seven basic groups. These groups are designated as A-1, A-2, A-3, A-1, A-5, A-6 and A-7. In general, the best soils for highway subgrades are classified as A-1, the next best are A-2, and so on with the poorest being A-7. t Al- ..:. R.r • of Material Passing Sieve- the measured or estimated -3- are given for each major horizon. When there is Percentages of material passing the numbers 10 a the 200 sieve very little gravel-size lc passingrais listed approximateseaesaprxhe varithe ability a silt and cla are round No, nearest and 00 sieves Y. Values are rounded off 10 sieve) the percent Permeability- given soil. 5 percent. A values listed are estimates of the range in rate and time it takes for downward r soil layers when saturated avilllaye dawa nn , but allowed to drain freely. The estimates are based osoil texture,, soilo water in the major permeability and infiltration tests, and observation of water movement through soils. Available Water Capacity- structure, P y- the available water capacity is given in inches water capacity of the soil is the difference between percentage of moisture at field capacity and at the wilting fitt. peru inch of soil for the and percentage cent ge Availableor Soil Reaction- soil reaction or the intensity of soil acidity or alkalinity is expressed inpercentage of moisture values indicate acidity and higher values show alkalinity. Shrink-Swell Potential- pH. A PH of 7 is neutral, lower indicates the volume change to be expected of the soil material with changes in moisture content. INTERPRETATIONS OF ENGINEERING PROPERTIES Topsoil- the surface and subsoil horizons are rated as to their suitability for t II material, preferably ubh in organicizomatter thatdiused to topdress ma evaluation refs texturely and organicmatter content as a basis for back slopes, e "Topsoil" as ,used here refers to soil layersvalof a soilusent used. However, ar audominated with rhdy soils,nig th, suitability. lUwns n isolated area of medium texturedHovsoilnmight be strippedthe material ttriilit gardens, etc, The y. Usually, only the surface should be recognized that nutrients and structural deficiencies in the subsoil material will sneed to be corrects of not only the surface layer but alsoin gthetsubsoil�layersefoit, d. Sand and Gravel- suitability as a source of sand and sand and gravelsextends downwardsato depthsgravel isis occurs just below much belowgiven for materialnto a depth of 5 feet. It also should be recognized that some soils which are rated as not feet.itable ma me soils, the 5 feet, whereas in other areas of the same soil, unsuitable material gravel at a depth below 5 feet, Where the suitabilityis in Road Subgrade and Highway ills- question, individual test Y have sand and material whennwalussuitabilitywratings Ford road fill for highwaey pits will be needed, re iecxcavated anddd have significant g Both the subsoil yand bsubstratum are bare dron ated when they contrastingtraurbed soils i£ adjustments asignre aficane tfhacknesssuer use das barrow.to water Thetaraperformance of the soil ratings given here also can beeaused for uHighway Location- the soil features considered here are those that affect the overallor bedrock, etc. of highways. The entire soil factors consideredyare: profile is evaluated, based on an undisturbed soil without artificial drainage. texture, performance of the soil for the location boulders, depth to are: table, staresenceoofband acd thickness of ed fills, suitabilitytfor beutaade, and peatb or muck, depthsbedrock, The a plasticity of thematerial. to frost heave, presence of stones and Foundations for Buildings- q flooding hazard, need for cuts suitability for supporting factors considered are those features and qualities of undisturbed soils that affect their suitabis the base pprrtiugdaoundationsthfrbuildingstup up toil ma that the foundation 3 materiasl high. It s the substratum the soil that desiraprble be located, ifbelow oerhic which is evaluatedain this column.i Ii is dosithele natural soil is dependent primarily on shrink-swell shear strength, and compressibilit the soil. may cause heaving. The suitability of the Pond Reservoir Areas- the factors considered here are those features a Y of suitabilityfor water factors cons or edshereiar suifactabi areOf primary concerngare lfactors thates af affectthelseepagearate. theirc permeability, depth to water table, depth to bedrock, le Dams, Dikes, Levees or Embankments- the factors considered here are those properties and bquali qualities thatl willSuch affect their suitabilitywill allow seepage, affect they are contrasting dtembankments, dikes and featuresvthat where het construction are: stability, levees.knBoth for utse se as and substratum soilth compactisusceptibilityon barrow. peaeuteaar strength,ns erosiveness, and ild Some of the soil Waterways- permeability. piping, shrink-swell Y the factors considered in the evaluation are stability of soil material, texture and depth of soil material, natural drainage, presence of stones Agricultural Drainage- stones, percent of slope, and difficulty of establishing and maintaining permeability,Drg this column lists the factors that affect agricultural drainage. vegetation. depth to layers such as fragipan, claypan, sand, ermeabil potential. g Some of trse factorsveare etc., topography, flooding or stream overflow, and cTerraces and Diversions- the suitability of soils for terraces and diversions depends mainly thickness of soil material, difficulty of establishing and maintaining vegetation, and topography. LIMITATIONS FOR SOME on stability, texture and URBAN USES P graphy, Residential Development with Public Sewer- batial De, pmt with in making the ratings apply to the use of soils for residences of foundations,semeFactorsdepth to bedrock,sirmikingthe ratings are wetness hazard, flooding Developmenthazard, shrubs, and andhazard, treesslope, limitations for affect the stabilityhfor bsorbingout Public wwaste from domestic sewage disposal systems. The major the factors considered are the characteristics and qualities of the soil that soil permeability, percolation rate, ground water level, depth to bedrock, Buildings for Light Industrial, Commercial and floodingfeatures considered are sundisturbedLsoils that str l,affect rcr suitabilitydi for supporting hazards,features and slope. dqualities Public Use- the factors considered are thosenand the subsoil and substratum of the soil that usually protist foundations of buildings up to 4ualities of eeruaah is suevbstratum provides the base for foundations and thereforerissthegsoillt is USDA-SCS LINCOLN NEAR.1966 5, L-25790 un SCS-228 (10-62) CONSERVATION PLAN MAP UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE A cooperating with -•••7--._ 0 -- OUR SOIL * OUR STRENGTH = Soil Conservation District Owner Operato — Approximate Photo No. County .--------- -stai; -------- ______________________ GPO:1963 0-668828 . , . ••• .-..Q...a--- ....,..--et_ ".4..-L, f4..;:f: 7 'T-Ai. 4rect40, .;r: ir. 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