HomeMy WebLinkAbout04 20 00 Unit MasonryTHE KENT
04 20 00 -
THE KENT Date 05.09.18 UNIT MASONRY
THE KENT
SECTION 04 20 00 - UNIT MASONRY
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS
A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary
Conditions and Division 01 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.
1.2 SUMMARY
A. Section Includes:
1. Concrete masonry units.
2. Brick.
3. Stone trim units.
4. Mortar and grout.
5. Steel reinforcing bars.
6. Masonry joint reinforcement.
7. Ties and anchors.
8. Embedded flashing.
9. Miscellaneous masonry accessories.
10. Masonry-cell insulation.
B. Related Sections:
1. Division 03 Section "Cast-in-Place Concrete" for installing dovetail slots for masonry
anchors.
2. Division 04 Section "Exterior Stone Cladding" for stone trim secured with stone anchors.
3. Division 07 Section "Thermal Insulation" for cavity wall insulation.
4. Division 07 Section "Sheet Metal Flashing and Trim" for exposed sheet metal flashing
and for furnishing manufactured reglets installed in masonry joints.
5. Division 08 “Wall Vents” for wall vents.
1.3 DEFINITIONS
A. CMU(s): Concrete masonry unit(s).
B. Reinforced Masonry: Masonry containing reinforcing steel in grouted cells.
1.4 ACTION SUBMITTALS
A. Product Data: For each type of product indicated.
B. Shop Drawings: For the following:
1. Masonry Units: Show sizes, profiles, coursing, and locations of special shapes.
2. Stone Trim Units: Show sizes, profiles, and locations of each stone trim unit required.
THE KENT
04 20 00 -
THE KENT Date 05.09.18 UNIT MASONRY
THE KENT
3. Reinforcing Steel: Detail bending and placement of unit masonry reinforcing bars.
Comply with ACI 315, "Details and Detailing of Concrete Reinforcement." Show
elevations of reinforced walls.
4. Fabricated Flashing: Detail corner units, end-dam units, and other special applications.
C. Samples for Initial Selection:
1. Clay face hollow brick, in the form of straps of five or more bricks.
2. Stone trim.
3. Colored mortar.
4. Weep holes/vents.
D. Samples for Verification: For each type and color of the following:
1. Clay face hollow brick, in the form of straps of five or more bricks.
2. Special brick shapes.
3. Stone trim.
4. Pigmented mortar. Make Samples using same sand and mortar ingredients to be used
on Project.
5. Weep holes and cavity vents.
6. Accessories embedded in masonry.
1.5 INFORMATIONAL SUBMITTALS
A. List of Materials Used in Constructing Mockups: List generic product names together with
manufacturers, manufacturers' product names, model numbers, lot numbers, batch numbers,
source of supply, and other information as required to identify materials used. Include mix
proportions for mortar and grout and source of aggregates.
1. Submittal is for information only. Neither receipt of list nor approval of mockup
constitutes approval of deviations from the Contract Documents unless such deviations
are specifically brought to the attention of Architect and approved in writing.
B. Qualification Data: For testing agency.
C. Material Certificates: For each type and size of the following:
1. Masonry units.
a. Include data on material properties and material test reports substantiating
compliance with requirements.
b. For brick, include size-variation data verifying that actual range of sizes falls within
specified tolerances.
c. For exposed brick, include test report for efflorescence according to ASTM C 67.
d. For masonry units used in structural masonry, include data and calculations
establishing average net-area compressive strength of units.
2. Integral water repellant used in CMU’s.
3. Cementitious materials. Include brand, type, and name of manufacturer.
4. Preblended, dry mortar mixes. Include description of type and proportions of ingredients.
5. Grout mixes. Include description of type and proportions of ingredients.
6. Reinforcing bars.
7. Joint reinforcement.
8. Anchors, ties, and metal accessories.
D. Mix Designs: For each type of mortar and grout. Include description of type and proportions of
ingredients.
THE KENT
04 20 00 -
THE KENT Date 05.09.18 UNIT MASONRY
THE KENT
1. Include test reports for mortar mixes required to comply with property specification. Test
according to ASTM C 109 for compressive strength, ASTM C 1506 for water retention,
and ASTM C 91 for air content.
2. Include test reports, according to ASTM C 1019, for grout mixes required to comply with
compressive strength requirement.
E. Statement of Compressive Strength of Masonry: For each combination of masonry unit type
and mortar type, provide statement of average net-area compressive strength of masonry units,
mortar type, and resulting net-area compressive strength of masonry determined according to
Tables 1 and 2 in ACI 530.1/ASCE 6/TMS 602.
F. Cold-Weather and Hot-Weather Procedures: Detailed description of methods, materials, and
equipment to be used to comply with requirements.
1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Testing Agency Qualifications: Qualified according to ASTM C 1093 for testing indicated.
B. Sample Panels: Build sample panels, if requested in writing by Architect, to verify selections
made under sample submittals and to demonstrate aesthetic effects. Comply with requirements
in Section 01 40 00 “Quality Requirements” for mockups.
1. Build sample panels for typical exterior wall in sizes approximately 48 inches long by 36
inches high by full thickness.
2. Build sample panels facing south.
3. Clean one-half of exposed faces of panels with masonry cleaner indicated.
4. Protect approved sample panels from the elements with weather-resistant membrane.
5. Approval of sample panels is for color, texture and blending of units, relationship of
mortar and sealant colors to masonry unit colors; tooling of joints; aesthetic qualities of
workmanship; and other material and construction qualities specifically approved by
Architect in writing.
a. Approval of sample panels does not constitute approval of deviations from the
Contract Documents unless the Architect specifically approves such deviations in
writing.
C. Mockups: Build mockups to verify selections made under sample submittals and to
demonstrate aesthetic effects and set quality standards for materials and execution.
1. Build mockups for typical exterior wall in sizes approximately 48 inches long by 36 inches
high by full thickness, including face and backup wythes and accessories.
a. Include a sealant-filled joint at least 16 inches long in exterior wall mockup.
b. Include lower corner of window opening framed with stone trim at upper corner of
exterior wall mockup. Make opening approximately 12 inches wide by 16 inches
high.
c. Include through-wall flashing installed for a 24-inch length in corner of exterior wall
mockup approximately 16 inches down from top of mockup, with a 12-inch length
of flashing left exposed to view (omit masonry above half of flashing).
d. Include wood studs, sheathing, air barrier, veneer anchors, flashing, cavity
drainage material, and weep holes in exterior masonry-veneer wall mockup.
2. Clean one-half of exposed faces of mockups with masonry cleaner as indicated.
3. Protect accepted mockups from the elements with weather-resistant membrane.
THE KENT
04 20 00 -
THE KENT Date 05.09.18 UNIT MASONRY
THE KENT
4. Approval of mockups is for color, texture, and blending of masonry units; relationship of
mortar and sealant colors to masonry unit colors; tooling of joints; and aesthetic qualities
of workmanship.
a. Approval of mockups is also for other material and construction qualities
specifically approved by Architect in writing.
b. Approval of mockups does not constitute approval of deviations from the Contract
Documents contained in mockups unless such deviations are specifically approved
by Architect in writing.
5. Approved mockups may become part of the completed Work if undisturbed at time of
Substantial Completion.
D. Pre-installation Conference: Conduct conference at Project site to comply with requirements in
Division 01 Section "Project Management and Coordination."
1.7 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
A. Store masonry units on elevated platforms in a dry location. If units are not stored in an
enclosed location, cover tops and sides of stacks with waterproof sheeting, securely tied. If
units become wet, do not install until they are dry.
B. Store cementitious materials on elevated platforms, under cover, and in a dry location. Do not
use cementitious materials that have become damp.
C. Store aggregates where grading and other required characteristics can be maintained and
contamination avoided.
D. Deliver preblended, dry mortar mix in moisture-resistant containers designed for use with
dispensing silos. Store preblended, dry mortar mix in delivery containers on elevated platforms,
under cover, and in a dry location or in covered weatherproof dispensing silos.
E. Store masonry accessories, including metal items, to prevent corrosion and accumulation of dirt
and oil.
1.8 PROJECT CONDITIONS
A. Protection of Masonry: During construction, cover tops of walls, projections, and sills with
waterproof sheeting at end of each day's work. Cover partially completed masonry when
construction is not in progress.
1. Extend cover a minimum of 24 inches down both sides of walls and hold cover securely
in place.
2. Where one wythe of multi-wythe masonry walls is completed in advance of other wythes,
secure cover a minimum of 24 inches down face next to unconstructed wythe and hold
cover in place.
B. Do not apply uniform floor or roof loads for at least 12 hours and concentrated loads for at least
three days after building masonry walls or columns.
C. Stain Prevention: Prevent grout, mortar, and soil from staining the face of masonry to be left
exposed or painted. Immediately remove grout, mortar, and soil that come in contact with such
masonry.
THE KENT
04 20 00 -
THE KENT Date 05.09.18 UNIT MASONRY
THE KENT
1. Protect base of walls from rain-splashed mud and from mortar splatter by spreading
coverings on ground and over wall surface.
2. Protect sills, ledges, and projections from mortar droppings.
3. Protect surfaces of window and door frames, as well as similar products with painted and
integral finishes, from mortar droppings.
4. Turn scaffold boards near the wall on edge at the end of each day to prevent rain from
splashing mortar and dirt onto completed masonry.
D. Cold-Weather Requirements: Do not use frozen materials or materials mixed or coated with ice
or frost. Do not build on frozen substrates. Remove and replace unit masonry damaged by
frost or by freezing conditions. Comply with cold-weather construction requirements contained
in ACI 530.1/ASCE 6/TMS 602.
1. Cold-Weather Cleaning: Use liquid cleaning methods only when air temperature is 40
deg F and higher and will remain so until masonry has dried, but not less than seven
days after completing cleaning.
E. Hot-Weather Requirements: Comply with hot-weather construction requirements contained in
ACI 530.1/ASCE 6/TMS 602.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.1 MASONRY UNITS, GENERAL
A. Defective Units: Referenced masonry unit standards may allow a certain percentage of units to
contain chips, cracks, or other defects exceeding limits stated in the standard. Do not use units
where such defects will be exposed in the completed Work.
B. Fire-Resistance Ratings: Where indicated, provide units that comply with requirements for fire-
resistance ratings indicated as determined by testing according to ASTM E 119, by equivalent
masonry thickness, or by other means, as acceptable to authorities having jurisdiction.
C. Source Limitations for Masonry Units: Obtain exposed masonry units of a uniform texture and
color or a uniform blend within the ranges accepted for these characteristics, from a single
source from a single manufacturer for each product required.
D. Source Limitations for Mortar Materials: Obtain mortar ingredients of a uniform quality, including
color for exposed masonry, from a single manufacturer for each cementitious component and
from a single source or producer for each aggregate.
2.2 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
A. Provide unit masonry that develops indicated net-area compressive strengths at 28 days.
1. Determine net-area compressive strength of masonry from average net-area
compressive strengths of masonry units and mortar types (unit-strength method)
according to Tables 1 and 2 in ACI 530.1/ASCE 6/TMS 602.
THE KENT
04 20 00 -
THE KENT Date 05.09.18 UNIT MASONRY
THE KENT
2.3 CONCRETE MASONRY UNITS
A. Shapes: Provide shapes indicated and as follows, with exposed surfaces matching exposed
faces of adjacent units unless otherwise indicated.
1. Provide special shapes for lintels, corners, jambs, sashes, movement joints, headers,
bonding, and other special conditions.
2. Provide square-edged units for outside corners unless otherwise indicated.
B. CMUs: ASTM C 90.
1. Unit Compressive Strength: Provide units with minimum average net-area compressive
strength of 2800 psi.
2. Density Classification: Normal weight.
3. Size (Width): Manufactured to dimensions 3/8 inch less than nominal dimensions.
a. 7 5/8 inches x 7 5/8 inches x 15 5/8 inches.
4. Exposed Faces: Provide color and texture matching the range represented by Architect's
sample.
2.4 FACE BRICK – VENEER
A. General: Provide shapes and sizes indicated and as follows for each form of brick required:
1. Provide units without cores or frogs and with exposed surfaces finished for ends of sills,
caps, corners and corbles greater than ½ inch and for similar applications that would
otherwise expose unfinished brick surfaces.
B. Provide special shapes for applications requiring brick of size, form, color and texture on
exposed surfaces that cannot be produced by sawing.
1. Provide special shapes for applications where stretcher units cannot accommodate
special conditions, including those of corners, movement joints, bond beams, sashes and
lintels.
2. Provide special shapes for applications where shapes produced by sawing would result in
sawed surfaces being exposed to view.
3. Provide special shapes where otherwise shown on Drawings.
2.5 BRICK SCHEDULE
A. The following Brick Schedule is coordinated with the Drawings. Match each Brick Type with the
areas identified in the Drawings.
B. Brick Type 1 Characteristics:
1. Manufacturer: Meridian Brick/ Forterra Division
2. Face Size: Utility: 3-5/8 inches high by 3-5/8 inches deep by 11-5/8
Inches long.
3. Grade: Exterior: FBS-SW.
4. Efflorescence: Tested according to ASTM C 67 and rated “not effloresced.
5. Style: Mid-West Collection: Fox Run.
2.6 MASONRY LINTELS
A. General: Provide the following:
THE KENT
04 20 00 -
THE KENT Date 05.09.18 UNIT MASONRY
THE KENT
1. Masonry Lintels: Prefabricated or built-in-place masonry lintels made from bond beam
CMUs with reinforcing bars placed as indicated and filled with coarse grout. Cure precast
lintels before handling and installing. Temporarily support built-in-place lintels until cured.
2.7 STONE TRIM UNITS
A. Refer to Specification Section 04 43 00 “Stone Masonry.”
2.8 CAST STONE TRIM UNITS
A. Refer to Specification Section 04 72 00 “Cast Stone Masonry.”
2.9 MORTAR AND GROUT MATERIALS
A. Portland Cement: ASTM C 150, Type I or II, except Type III may be used for cold-weather
construction. Provide natural color or white cement as required to produce mortar color
indicated.
1. Alkali content shall not be more than 0.1 percent when tested according to ASTM C 114.
B. Hydrated Lime: ASTM C 207.
1. Type N for brick veneer.
2. Type S for brick or block below grade and for structural block work.
C. Portland Cement-Lime Mix: Packaged blend of portland cement and hydrated lime containing
no other ingredients.
D. Masonry Cement: ASTM C 91.
1. Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide one of the following:
a. Cemex S.A.B. de C.V.; Citadel Type S.
b. Essroc, Italcementi Group; Brixment or Velvet.
c. Lafarge North America Inc.; Lafarge Masonry Cement.
E. Aggregate for Mortar: ASTM C 144.
1. For mortar that is exposed to view, use washed aggregate consisting of natural sand or
crushed stone.
2. For joints less than 1/4-inch-thick, use aggregate graded with 100 percent passing the
No. 16 sieve.
F. Aggregate for Grout: ASTM C 404.
G. Cold-Weather Admixture: Non-chloride, non-corrosive, accelerating admixture complying with
ASTM C 494, Type C, and recommended by manufacturer for use in masonry mortar of
composition indicated.
1. Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, available products that may be
incorporated into the Work include, but are not limited to, the following:
a. Euclid Chemical Company (The).
b. Grace Construction Products, W. R. Grace & Co. - Conn.; Morset.
c. BASF Corporation; Construction Systems.
THE KENT
04 20 00 -
THE KENT Date 05.09.18 UNIT MASONRY
THE KENT
H. Water: Potable.
2.10 REINFORCEMENT
A. Uncoated Steel Reinforcing Bars: ASTM A 615 or ASTM A 996, Grade 60.
B. Reinforcing Bar Positioners: Wire units designed to fit into mortar bed joints spanning masonry
unit cells and to hold reinforcing bars in center of cells. Units are formed from 0.148-inch steel
wire, hot dip galvanized after fabrication. Provide units designed for number of bars indicated.
1. Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, available products that may be
incorporated into the Work include, but are not limited to, the following:
a. Dur-O-Wal; a Hohmann and Bernard company.
b. Heckmann Building Products, Inc.
C. Masonry Joint Reinforcement, General: ASTM A 951.
1. Exterior Walls: Hot-dip galvanized, carbon steel.
2. Wire Size for Side Rods: 0.148-inch diameter.
3. Wire Size for Cross Rods: 0.148-inch diameter.
4. Wire Size for Veneer Ties: 0.148-inch diameter.
5. Spacing of Cross Rods, Tabs, and Cross Ties: Not more than 16 inches o.c.
6. Provide in lengths of not less than 10 feet.
7. Products:
a. Addiment Incorporated; Mortar Tile.
b. Grace Construction Products, a unit of W.R. Grace & Co.; Dry-Block Mortar
Admixture.
c. Master Builders, Inc.; Color Cure Mortar Admix or Rheomix Rheopel.
2.11 TIES AND ANCHORS
A. General: Ties and anchors shall extend at least 1-1/2 inches into veneer but with at least a 5/8-
inch cover on outside face.
B. Materials: Provide ties and anchors specified in this article that are made from materials that
comply with the following unless otherwise indicated.
1. Hot-Dip Galvanized, Carbon-Steel Wire: ASTM A 82; with ASTM A 153, Class B-2
coating.
2. Steel Plates, Shapes, and Bars: ASTM A 36.
C. Adjustable Anchors for Connecting to Structural Steel Framing: Provide anchors that allow
vertical or horizontal adjustment but resist tension and compression forces perpendicular to
plane of wall.
2.12 EMBEDDED FLASHING MATERIALS
A. Metal Flashing: Provide metal flashing complying with SMACNA's "Architectural Sheet Metal
Manual" and Section 07 62 00 "Sheet Metal Flashing and Trim" and as follows:
1. Stainless Steel: ASTM A 240 or ASTM A 666, Type 304, 0.016 inch thick.
THE KENT
04 20 00 -
THE KENT Date 05.09.18 UNIT MASONRY
THE KENT
2. Copper: ASTM B 370, Temper H00, cold-rolled copper sheet, 16-oz./sq. ft. weight or
0.0216-inch-thick or ASTM B 370, Temper H01, high-yield copper sheet, 12-oz./sq. ft.
weight or 0.0162 inch thick.
3. Fabricate continuous flashings in sections 96 inches long minimum, but not exceeding 12
feet. Provide splice plates at joints of formed, smooth metal flashing.
4. Fabricate through-wall metal flashing embedded in masonry from stainless steel or
copper as called for on drawings, with ribs at 3-inch intervals along length of flashing to
provide an integral mortar bond.
a. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, available manufacturers
offering products that may be incorporated into the Work include, but are not
limited to the following:
1) York Manufacturing, Inc.
2) Hohmann and Barnard, Inc.
5. Fabricate through-wall flashing with snap-lock receiver on exterior face where indicated
to receive counter flashing.
6. Fabricate through-wall flashing with drip edge where indicated. Fabricate by extending
flashing 1/2 inch out from wall, with outer edge bent down 30 degrees and hemmed.
7. Fabricate through-wall flashing with sealant stop where indicated. Fabricate by bending
metal back on itself 3/4 inch at exterior face of wall and down into joint 1/4 inch to form a
stop for retaining sealant backer rod.
8. Fabricate metal drip edges and sealant stops for ribbed metal flashing from plain metal
flashing of same metal as ribbed flashing and extending at least 3 inches into wall with
hemmed inner edge to receive ribbed flashing and form a hooked seam. Form hem on
upper surface of metal so that completed seam sheds water.
9. Fabricate metal expansion-joint strips from stainless steel to shapes indicated.
10. Solder metal items at corners.
B. Flexible Flashing: Use the following unless otherwise indicated: For all embedded
masonry through-wall flashing of base course, lintels, sills, relieving angles, dissimilar
material coursing, and other embedded through-wall masonry flashing, not exposed to
the exterior, use a full, single sheet of 3 ounce copper sheet with O60 temper conforming
to ASTM B-370-98 bonded with a proprietary rubber based adhesive, between one layer
of fiberglass sheeting and one layer non-woven wicking fabric laminated to the copper
sheet for cavity wall water/moisture drainage/mortar deflection.
1. Products:
a. York Manufacturing, Inc., 3oz. Flash-Vent (Yellow Label).
b. Corner and splice material: York Multi-Flash 500 flashing
c. Sealant: UniverSeal US-100 polyether sealant by York Mfg or GreatSeal LT-100
polyether sealant by STS Coatings or approved equal.
d. Width of flashing to meet requirements described herein.
C. Application: Unless otherwise indicated, use the following:
1. Where flashing is indicated to receive counter flashing, use metal flashing.
2. Where flashing is indicated to be turned down at or beyond the wall face, use metal
flashing.
3. Where flashing is partly exposed and is indicated to terminate at the wall face, use metal
flashing with a drip edge or with a sealant stop.
4. Where flashing is fully concealed, use flexible flashing.
D. Sealants for Sheet Metal Flashings: As specified in Section 07 62 00 "Sheet Metal Flashing and
Trim."
THE KENT
04 20 00 -
THE KENT Date 05.09.18 UNIT MASONRY
THE KENT
E. Adhesives, Primers, and Seam Tapes for Flashings: Flashing manufacturer's standard products
or products recommended by flashing manufacturer for bonding flashing sheets to each other
and to substrates.
F. Termination Bars for Flexible Flashing: Stainless steel bars 0.075 inch by 1 inch.
2.13 MISCELLANEOUS MASONRY ACCESSORIES
A. Compressible Filler: Premolded filler strips complying with ASTM D 1056, Grade 2A1;
compressible up to 35 percent; of width and thickness indicated; formulated from neoprene
urethane or PVC.
B. Bond-Breaker Strips: Asphalt-saturated felt complying with ASTM D 226, Type I (No. 15 asphalt
felt).
C. Weep/Cavity Vent Products: Use one of the following unless otherwise indicated:
1. Cellular Plastic Weep/Vent: One-piece, flexible extrusion made from UV-resistant
polypropylene copolymer, full height and width of head joint and depth 1/8 inch less than
depth of outer wythe, in color selected from manufacturer's standard.
a. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, available manufacturers
offering products that may be incorporated into the Work include, but are not
limited to the following:
1) Heckmann Building Products, Inc.
2) Hohmann and Barnard, Inc.
D. Cavity Drainage Material: Free-draining mesh, made from polymer strands that will not degrade
within the wall cavity.
1. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, available manufacturers
offering products that may be incorporated into the Work include, but are not limited to
the following:
a. York Manufacturing, Inc.
b. MasonPro.
2. Configuration: Provide one of the following:
a. Strips, full depth of cavity and 10 inches high, with dovetail-shaped notches 7
inches deep that prevent clogging with mortar droppings.
b. Strips, not less than 3/4-inch-thick and 10 inches high, with dimpled surface
designed to catch mortar droppings and prevent weep holes from clogging with
mortar.
c. Sheets or strips, full depth of cavity and installed to full height of cavity.
d. Sheets or strips not less than 3/4-inch-thick and installed to full height of cavity,
with additional strips 4 inches high at weep holes and thick enough to fill entire
depth of cavity and prevent weep holes from clogging with mortar.
2.14 MASONRY-CELL INSULATION
A. Loose-Granular Fill Insulation: Perlite complying with ASTM C 549, Type II (surface treated for
water repellency and limited moisture absorption) or Type IV (surface treated for water
repellency and to limit dust generation).
THE KENT
04 20 00 -
THE KENT Date 05.09.18 UNIT MASONRY
THE KENT
2.15 MASONRY CLEANERS
A. Proprietary Acidic Cleaner: Manufacturer's standard-strength cleaner designed for removing
mortar/grout stains, efflorescence, and other new construction stains from new masonry without
discoloring or damaging masonry surfaces. Use product expressly approved for intended use
by cleaner manufacturer and manufacturer of masonry units being cleaned.
1. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide products by one of the
following:
a. Diedrich Technologies, Inc.
b. EaCo Chem, Inc.
c. ProSoCo, Inc.
2.16 MORTAR AND GROUT MIXES
A. General: Do not use admixtures, including pigments, air-entraining agents, accelerators,
retarders, water-repellent agents, antifreeze compounds, or other admixtures unless otherwise
indicated.
1. Do not use calcium chloride in mortar or grout.
2. Use portland cement-lime mortar unless otherwise indicated.
3. Add cold-weather admixture (if used) at same rate for all mortar that will be exposed to
view, regardless of weather conditions, to ensure that mortar color is consistent.
B. Preblended, Dry Mortar Mix: Furnish dry mortar ingredients in form of a preblended mix.
Measure quantities by weight to ensure accurate proportions, and thoroughly blend ingredients
before delivering to Project site.
C. Mortar for Unit Masonry: Comply with ASTM C 270 Specification. Provide the following types of
mortar for applications stated unless another type is indicated or needed to provide required
compressive strength of masonry.
1. For masonry below grade or in contact with earth, and/or structural block work use
Type M.
2. For masonry veneer, use Type N.
3. For reinforced masonry use Type S.
D. Grout for Unit Masonry: Comply with ASTM C 476.
1. Use coarse grout of that will comply with Table 5 in ACI 530.1/ASCE 6/TMS 602 for
dimensions of grout spaces and pour height.
2. Provide grout with a slump of 8 to 11 inches as measured according to ASTM C 143.
3. Proportion grout in accordance with ASTM C 476, Table 1 or paragraph 4.2.2 for
specified 28-day compressive strength indicated, but not less than 2000 psi.
4. Do not use mortar for grout.
5. Grout solid all masonry units below grade.
6. Grout solid all masonry units containing reinforcing steel.
7. Grout solid all masonry units supporting steel beams or lintels at least two full courses
below bearing elevation.
2.17 SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL
A. Owner will engage a qualified independent testing agency to perform source quality-control
testing indicated below:
THE KENT
04 20 00 -
THE KENT Date 05.09.18 UNIT MASONRY
THE KENT
1. Payment for these services will be made by Owner
2. Retesting of materials failing to comply with specified requirements shall be done at
Contractor's expense.
B. Concrete Masonry Unit Test: For each type of unit furnished, per ASTM C 140.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1 EXAMINATION
A. Examine conditions, with Installer present, for compliance with requirements for installation
tolerances and other conditions affecting performance of the Work.
1. For the record, prepare written report, endorsed by Installer, listing conditions detrimental
to performance of work.
2. Verify that foundations are within tolerances specified.
3. Verify that reinforcing dowels are properly placed.
B. Before installation, examine rough-in and built-in construction for piping systems to verify actual
locations of piping connections.
C. Proceed with installation only after unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.
3.2 INSTALLATION, GENERAL
A. Thickness: Build cavity and composite walls and other masonry construction to full thickness
shown. Build single-wythe walls to actual widths of masonry units, using units of widths
indicated.
B. Build chases and recesses to accommodate items specified in this and other Sections.
C. Leave openings for equipment to be installed before completing masonry. After installing
equipment, complete masonry to match the construction immediately adjacent to opening.
D. Use full-size units without cutting if possible. If cutting is required to provide a continuous
pattern or to fit adjoining construction, cut units with motor-driven saws; provide clean, sharp,
unchipped edges. Allow units to dry before laying unless wetting of units is specified. Install cut
units with cut surfaces and, where possible, cut edges concealed.
E. Select and arrange units for exposed unit masonry to produce a uniform blend of colors and
textures.
F. Wetting of Brick: Wet brick before laying if initial rate of absorption exceeds 30 g/30 sq. in. per
minute when tested per ASTM C 67. Allow units to absorb water so they are damp but not wet
at time of laying.
THE KENT
04 20 00 -
THE KENT Date 05.09.18 UNIT MASONRY
THE KENT
G. Comply with PCA “Recommended Practices for Laying Concrete Block” and the TEC Notes
11, 11A, 11B, 11C, 11D, 11E, and NCMA TEC Bulletins.
3.3 TOLERANCES
A. Dimensions and Locations of Elements:
1. For dimensions in cross section or elevation, do not vary by more than plus ½ inch or
minus ¼ inch.
2. For location of elements in plan, do not vary from that indicated by more than plus or
minus ½ inch.
3. For location of elements in elevation, do not vary from that indicated by more than plus or
minus ¼ inch in a story height or ½ inch total.
B. Lines and Levels:
1. For bed joints and top surfaces of bearing walls, do not vary from level by more than ¼
inch in 10 feet or ½ inch maximum.
2. For conspicuous horizontal lines, such as lintels, sills, parapets and revels, do not vary
from level by more than 1/8 inch in 10 feet, ¼ inch in 20 feet or ½ inch maximum.
3. For vertical lines and surfaces do not vary from plumb by more than ¼ inch in 10 feet, 3/8
inch in 20 feet or ½ inch maximum.
4. For conspicuous vertical lines, such as external corners, door jambs, reveals and
expansion and control joints, do not vary from plumb by more than 1/8 inch in 10 feet, ¼
inch in 20 feet or ½ inch maximum.
5. For lines and surfaces, do not vary from straight by more than ¼ inch in 10 feet,3/8 inch
in 20 feet and ½ inch maximum.
6. For vertical alignment of exposed head joints, do not vary from plumb by more than ¼
inch in 10 feet or ½ inch maximum.
7. For faces of exposed masonry units, do not vary from flush alignment by more than 1/16
inch.
C. Joints:
1. For bed joints, do not vary from thickness indicated by more than plus or minus 1/8 inch,
with a maximum thickness limited to1/2 inch.
2. For exposed bed joints, do not vary from bed joint thickness of adjacent courses by more
than1/8 inch.
3. For head and collar joints, do not vary from thickness indicated by more than plus 3/8
inch or minus ¼ inch.
4. For exposed head joints, do not vary from thickness indicated by more than plus or minus
1/8 inch.
3.4 LAYING MASONRY WALLS
A. Lay out walls in advance for accurate spacing of surface bond patterns with uniform joint
thicknesses and for accurate location of openings, movement-type joints, returns, and offsets.
Avoid using less-than-half-size units, particularly at corners, jambs, and, where possible, at
other locations.
B. Bond Pattern for Exposed Masonry: Unless otherwise indicated, lay exposed masonry in
running bond; do not use units with less-than-nominal 4-inch horizontal face dimensions at
corners or jambs.
THE KENT
04 20 00 -
THE KENT Date 05.09.18 UNIT MASONRY
THE KENT
C. Lay concealed masonry with all units in a wythe in running bond or bonded by lapping not less
than 2 inches. Bond and interlock each course of each wythe at corners. Do not use units with
less-than-nominal 4-inch horizontal face dimensions at corners or jambs.
D. Stopping and Resuming Work: Stop work by stepping back units in each course from those in
course below; do not tooth. When resuming work, clean masonry surfaces that are to receive
mortar, remove loose masonry units and mortar, and wet brick if required before laying fresh
masonry.
E. Built-in Work: As construction progresses, build in items specified in this and other Sections. Fill
in solidly with masonry around built-in items.
F. Where built-in items are to be embedded in cores of hollow masonry units, place a layer of
metal lath, wire mesh, or plastic mesh in the joint below, and rod mortar or grout into core.
G. Fill cores in hollow CMUs with grout 24 inches under bearing plates, beams, lintels, posts, and
similar items unless otherwise indicated.
3.5 MORTAR BEDDING AND JOINTING
A. Lay hollow brick and CMUs as follows:
1. Bed face shells in mortar and make head joints of depth equal to bed joints.
2. Bed webs in mortar in all courses of piers, columns, and pilasters.
3. Bed webs in mortar in grouted masonry, including starting course on footings.
4. Fully bed entire units, including areas under cells, at starting course on footings where
cells are not grouted.
B. Lay solid CMU’s with completely filled bed and head joints; butter ends with sufficient mortar to
fill head joints and shove into place. Do not deeply furrow bed joints or slush head joints.
C. Tool exposed joints slightly concave when thumbprint hard, using a jointer larger than joint
thickness unless otherwise indicated.
D. Cut joints flush for masonry walls to receive plaster or other direct-applied finishes (other than
paint) unless otherwise indicated.
E. Cut joints flush where indicated to receive waterproofing, cavity wall insulation or air barriers
unless otherwise indicated.
3.6 CAVITY WALLS
A. Bond wythes of cavity walls together as follows:
1. Individual Metal Ties: Provide ties as shown installed in horizontal joints, but not less than
one metal tie for 4.5 sq. ft. of wall area spaced not to exceed 24 inches o.c. horizontally
and 16 inches o.c. vertically. Stagger ties in alternate courses. Provide additional ties
within 12 inches of openings and space not more than 36 inches apart around perimeter
of openings. At intersecting and abutting walls, provide ties at no more than 24 inches
o.c. vertically.
a. Where bed joints of wythes do not align, use adjustable-type (two-piece-type) ties.
THE KENT
04 20 00 -
THE KENT Date 05.09.18 UNIT MASONRY
THE KENT
b. Where one wythe is of clay masonry and the other of concrete masonry, use
adjustable-type (two-piece-type) ties to allow for differential movement regardless
of whether bed joints align.
2. Masonry-Joint Reinforcement: Installed in horizontal mortar joints.
a. Where bed joints of both wythes align, use ladder-type reinforcement extending
across both wythes.
b. Where bed joints of wythes do not align, use adjustable-type (two-piece-type)
reinforcement.
c. Where one wythe is of clay masonry and the other of concrete masonry, use
adjustable-type (two-piece-type) reinforcement to allow for differential movement
regardless of whether bed joints align.
3. Header Bonding: Provide masonry unit headers extending not less than 3 inches into
each wythe. Space headers not more than 8 inches clear horizontally and 16 inches clear
vertically.
4. Masonry-Veneer Anchors: Comply with requirements for anchoring masonry veneers.
B. Bond wythes of cavity walls together using bonding system indicated on Drawings.
C. Keep cavities clean of mortar droppings and other materials during construction. Bevel beds
away from cavity, to minimize mortar protrusions into cavity. Do not attempt to trowel or remove
mortar fins protruding into cavity.
D. Parge cavity face of backup wythe in a single coat approximately 3/8 inch thick. Trowel face of
parge coat smooth.
E. Installing Cavity Wall Insulation: Place small dabs of adhesive, spaced approximately 12 inches
o.c. both ways, on inside face of insulation boards, or attach with plastic fasteners designed for
this purpose. Fit courses of insulation between wall ties and other confining obstructions in
cavity, with edges butted tightly both ways. Press units firmly against inside wythe of masonry or
other construction as shown.
1. Fill cracks and open gaps in insulation with crack sealer compatible with insulation and
masonry.
3.7 MASONRY JOINT REINFORCEMENT
A. General: Install entire length of longitudinal side rods in mortar with a minimum cover of 5/8 inch
on exterior side of walls, 1/2 inch elsewhere. Lap reinforcement a minimum of 6 inches.
1. Space reinforcement not more than 16 inches o.c.
2. Space reinforcement not more than 8 inches o.c. in foundation walls and parapet walls.
3. Provide reinforcement not more than 8 inches above and below wall openings and
extending 12 inches beyond openings.
B. Interrupt joint reinforcement at control and expansion joints unless otherwise indicated.
C. Provide continuity at wall intersections by using prefabricated T-shaped units.
D. Provide continuity at corners by using prefabricated L-shaped units.
E. Cut and bend reinforcing units as directed by manufacturer for continuity at corners, returns,
offsets, column fireproofing, pipe enclosures, and other special conditions.
THE KENT
04 20 00 -
THE KENT Date 05.09.18 UNIT MASONRY
THE KENT
3.8 ANCHORING MASONRY VENEERS
A. Anchor masonry veneers to wall framing with seismic masonry-veneer anchors to comply with
the following requirements:
1. Fasten screw-attached and seismic anchors through sheathing to wall framing with metal
fasteners of type indicated. Use two fasteners unless anchor design only uses one
fastener.
2. Embed tie sections in masonry joints.
3. Locate anchor sections to allow maximum vertical differential movement of ties up and
down.
4. Space anchors as indicated, but not more than 18 inches o.c. vertically and 24 inches
o.c. horizontally, with not less than one anchor for each 2 sq. ft. of wall area. Install
additional anchors within 12 inches of openings and at intervals, not exceeding 8 inches,
around perimeter.
B. Provide not less than 1 inch of airspace between back of masonry veneer and face of
sheathing.
1. Keep airspace clean of mortar droppings and other materials during construction. Bevel
beds away from airspace, to minimize mortar protrusions into airspace. Do not attempt to
trowel or remove mortar fins protruding into airspace.
3.9 CONTROL AND EXPANSION JOINTS
A. General: Install control and expansion joint materials in unit masonry as masonry progresses.
Do not allow materials to span control and expansion joints without provision to allow for in-
plane wall or partition movement.
B. Form control joints in concrete masonry using one of the following methods:
1. Fit bond-breaker strips into hollow contour in ends of CMUs on one side of control joint.
Fill resultant core with grout and rake out joints in exposed faces for application of
sealant.
2. Install preformed control-joint gaskets designed to fit standard sash block.
3. Install interlocking units designed for control joints. Install bond-breaker strips at joint.
Keep head joints free and clear of mortar or rake out joint for application of sealant.
4. Install temporary foam-plastic filler in head joints and remove filler when unit masonry is
complete for application of sealant.
C. Form expansion joints in brick as follows:
1. Build flanges of metal expansion strips into masonry. Lap each joint 4 inches in direction
of water flow. Seal joints below grade and at junctures with horizontal expansion joints if
any.
2. Build flanges of factory-fabricated, expansion-joint units into masonry.
3. Build in compressible joint fillers where indicated.
4. Form open joint full depth of brick wythe and of width indicated, but not less than 3/8 inch
for installation of sealant and backer rod specified in Division 07 Section "Joint Sealants."
D. Provide horizontal, pressure-relieving joints by either leaving an air space or inserting a
compressible filler of width required for installing sealant and backer rod specified in Division 07
Section "Joint Sealants," but not less than 3/8 inch.
1. Locate horizontal, pressure-relieving joints beneath shelf angles supporting masonry.
THE KENT
04 20 00 -
THE KENT Date 05.09.18 UNIT MASONRY
THE KENT
3.10 LINTELS
A. Install steel lintels where indicated.
B. Provide concrete or masonry lintels where shown and where openings of more than 12 inches
for brick-size units and 24 inches for block-size units are shown without structural steel or other
supporting lintels.
C. Provide minimum bearing of 8 inches at each jamb unless otherwise indicated.
3.11 FLASHING, WEEP HOLES, CAVITY DRAINAGE, AND VENTS
A. General: Install entire length of longitudinal side rods in mortar with a minimum cover of 5/8 inch
on exterior side of walls, 1/2 inch elsewhere. Lap reinforcement a minimum of 6 inches.
1. Space reinforcement not more than 16 inches o.c.
2. Space reinforcement not more than 8 inches o.c. in foundation walls and parapet walls.
3. Provide reinforcement not more than 8 inches above and below wall openings and
extending 12 inches beyond openings.
B. Interrupt joint reinforcement at control and expansion joints unless otherwise indicated.
C. Provide continuity at wall intersections by using prefabricated T-shaped units.
D. Provide continuity at corners by using prefabricated L-shaped units.
E. Cut and bend reinforcing units as directed by manufacturer for continuity at corners, returns,
offsets, column fireproofing, pipe enclosures, and other special conditions.
3.12 REINFORCED UNIT MASONRY INSTALLATION
A. Temporary Formwork and Shores: Construct formwork and shores as needed to support
reinforced masonry elements during construction.
1. Construct formwork to provide shape, line, and dimensions of completed masonry as
indicated. Make forms sufficiently tight to prevent leakage of mortar and grout. Brace,
tie, and support forms to maintain position and shape during construction and curing of
reinforced masonry.
2. Do not remove forms and shores until reinforced masonry members have hardened
sufficiently to carry their own weight and other loads that may be placed on them during
construction.
B. Placing Reinforcement: Comply with requirements in ACI 530.1/ASCE 6/TMS 602.
C. Grouting: Do not place grout until entire height of masonry to be grouted has attained enough
strength to resist grout pressure.
1. Comply with requirements in ACI 530.1/ASCE 6/TMS 602 for cleanouts and for grout
placement, including minimum grout space and maximum pour height.
2. Limit height of vertical grout pours to not more than 60 inches.
THE KENT
04 20 00 -
THE KENT Date 05.09.18 UNIT MASONRY
THE KENT
3.13 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
A. Testing Prior to Construction: One set of tests.
B. Concrete Masonry Unit Test: For each type of unit provided, according to ASTM C 140 for
compressive strength.
C. Mortar Aggregate Ratio Test (Proportion Specification): For each mix provided, according to
ASTM C 780.
D. Grout Test (Compressive Strength): For each mix provided, according to ASTM C 1019.
3.14 PARGING
A. Parge exterior faces of below-grade masonry walls, where indicated, in 2 uniform coats to a
total thickness of 3/4 inch. Dampen wall before applying first coat and scarify first coat to
ensure full bond to subsequent coat.
B. Use a steel-trowel finish to produce a smooth, flat, dense surface with a maximum surface
variation of 1/8 inch per foot. Form a wash at top of parging and a cove at bottom.
C. Damp-cure parging for at least 24 hours and protect parging until cured.
3.15 REPAIRING, POINTING, AND CLEANING
A. Remove and replace masonry units that are loose, chipped, broken, stained, or otherwise
damaged or that do not match adjoining units. Install new units to match adjoining units; install
in fresh mortar, pointed to eliminate evidence of replacement.
B. Pointing: During the tooling of joints, enlarge voids and holes, except weep holes, and
completely fill with mortar. Point up joints, including corners, openings, and adjacent
construction, to provide a neat, uniform appearance. Prepare joints for sealant application,
where indicated.
C. In-Progress Cleaning: Clean unit masonry as work progresses by dry brushing to remove
mortar fins and smears before tooling joints.
D. Final Cleaning: After mortar is thoroughly set and cured, clean exposed masonry as follows:
1. Remove large mortar particles by hand with wooden paddles and nonmetallic scrape
hoes or chisels.
2. Test cleaning methods on sample wall panel; leave one-half of panel uncleaned for
comparison purposes. Obtain Architect's approval of sample cleaning before proceeding
with cleaning of masonry.
3. Protect adjacent stone and non-masonry surfaces from contact with cleaner by covering
them with liquid strippable masking agent or polyethylene film and waterproof masking
tape.
4. Wet wall surfaces with water before applying cleaners; remove cleaners promptly by
rinsing surfaces thoroughly with clear water.
5. Clean brick by bucket-and-brush hand-cleaning method described in BIA Technical
Notes 20.
THE KENT
04 20 00 -
THE KENT Date 05.09.18 UNIT MASONRY
THE KENT
6. Clean masonry with a proprietary acidic cleaner applied according to manufacturer's
written instructions.
7. Clean concrete masonry by cleaning method indicated in NCMA TEK 8-2A applicable to
type of stain on exposed surfaces.
8. Clean stone trim to comply with stone supplier's written instructions.
9. Clean limestone units to comply with recommendations in ILI's "Indiana Limestone
Handbook."
3.16 MASONRY WASTE DISPOSAL
A. Salvageable Materials: Unless otherwise indicated, excess masonry materials are Contractor's
property. At completion of unit masonry work, remove from Project site.
END OF SECTION 04 20 00