HomeMy WebLinkAbout04 43 13 Stone MasonryTHE KENT
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SECTION 04 43 13 - STONE MASONRY
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS
A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary
Conditions and Division 01 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.
1.2 SUMMARY
A. Section Includes:
1. Stone masonry anchored to concrete backup.
2. Stone masonry anchored to unit masonry backup.
3. Stone masonry anchored to wood framing and sheathing.
B. Products Installed but Not Furnished under This Section Include:
1. Steel lintels in unit masonry.
2. Steel shelf angles for supporting unit masonry.
C. Related Requirements:
1. Section 04 20 00 "Unit Masonry" for concealed flashing, horizontal joint reinforcement
and veneer anchors.
1.3 PRE-INSTALLATION MEETINGS
A. Pre-installation Conference: Conduct conference at Project site.
1.4 ACTION SUBMITTALS
A. Product Data: For each variety of stone, stone accessory, and manufactured product.
B. Samples for Initial Selection: For colored mortar and other items involving color selection.
C. Samples for Verification:
1. For each stone type indicated. Include at least two Samples in each set and show the full
range of color and other visual characteristics in completed Work.
2. For each color of mortar required. Label Samples to indicate types and amounts of
pigments used.
1.5 INFORMATIONAL SUBMITTALS
A. Qualification Data: For Installer.
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B. List of Materials Used in Constructing Mockups: List generic product names together with
manufacturers, manufacturers' product names, supply sources, and other information as
required to identify materials used. Include mix proportions for mortar and source of aggregates.
1. Neither receipt of list nor approval of mockups constitutes approval of deviations from the
Contract Documents contained in mockups unless Architect approves such deviations in
writing.
C. Material Test Reports:
1. Stone Test Reports: For each stone variety proposed for use on Project, by a qualified
testing agency, indicating compliance with required physical properties, other than
abrasion resistance, according to referenced ASTM standards. Base reports on testing
done within previous three years.
2. Sealant Compatibility and Adhesion Test Report: From sealant manufacturer indicating
that sealants will not stain or damage stone. Include interpretation of test results and
recommendations for primers and substrate preparation needed for adhesion.
1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Installer Qualifications: A qualified installer who employs experienced stonemasons and stone
fitters.
1. Refer to Specification Section 01 40 00 “Quality Requirements.”
B. Mockups: If requested in writing by Architect, build mockups to demonstrate aesthetic effects
and to set quality standards for materials and execution.
1. Build mockup of typical wall area as shown on Drawings.
2. Build mockups for typical exterior wall in sizes approximately 48 inches long by 48 inches
high by full thickness, including face and backup wythes and accessories.
a. Include stone coping at top of mockup.
b. Include a sealant-filled joint at least 16 inches long in mockup.
c. Include through-wall flashing installed for a 24-inch length in corner of mockup
approximately 16 inches down from top of mockup, with a 12-inch length of
flashing left exposed to view (omit stone masonry above half of flashing).
d. Include wood studs, sheathing, veneer anchors, flashing, and weep holes in
exterior masonry-veneer wall mockup.
3. Protect accepted mockups from the elements with weather-resistant membrane.
4. Approval of mockups does not constitute approval of deviations from the Contract
Documents contained in mockups unless Architect specifically approves such deviations
in writing.
5. Subject to compliance with requirements, approved mockups may become part of the
completed Work if undisturbed at time of Substantial Completion.
1.7 PRECONSTRUCTION TESTING
A. Preconstruction Sealant Compatibility and Adhesion Testing: Submit to joint-sealant
manufacturers, for compatibility and adhesion testing according to sealant manufacturer's
standard testing methods and Section 07 92 00 "Joint Sealants," Samples of materials that will
contact or affect joint sealants.
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1.8 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
A. Store cementitious materials on elevated platforms, under cover, and in a dry location. Do not
use cementitious materials that have become damp.
B. Store aggregates where grading and other required characteristics can be maintained and
contamination avoided.
C. Deliver preblended, dry mortar mix in moisture-resistant containers designed for use with
dispensing silos. Store preblended, dry mortar mix in delivery containers on elevated platforms,
under cover, in a dry location, or in covered weatherproof dispensing silos.
D. Store masonry accessories, including metal items, to prevent corrosion and accumulation of dirt
and oil.
1.9 FIELD CONDITIONS
A. Protection of Stone Masonry: During construction, cover tops of walls, projections, and sills with
waterproof sheeting at end of each day's work. Cover partially completed stone masonry when
construction is not in progress.
1. Extend cover a minimum of 24 inches down both sides and hold cover securely in place.
B. Stain Prevention: Immediately remove mortar and soil to prevent them from staining stone
masonry face.
1. Protect base of walls from rain-splashed mud and mortar splatter using coverings spread
on the ground and over the wall surface.
2. Protect sills, ledges, and projections from mortar droppings.
3. Protect surfaces of window and door frames, as well as similar products with painted and
integral finishes, from mortar droppings.
4. Turn scaffold boards near the wall on edge at end of each day to prevent rain from
splashing mortar and dirt on completed stone masonry.
C. Cold-Weather Requirements: Do not use frozen materials or materials mixed or coated with ice
or frost. Do not build on frozen substrates. Remove and replace stone masonry damaged by
frost or freezing conditions. Comply with cold-weather construction requirements contained in
TMS 602/ACI 530.1/ASCE 6.
1. Cold-Weather Cleaning: Use liquid cleaning methods only when air temperature is 40
deg F and above and will remain so until masonry has dried, but not less than seven
days after completing cleaning.
D. Hot-Weather Requirements: Comply with hot-weather construction requirements contained in
TMS 602/ACI 530.1/ASCE 6.
1.10 COORDINATION
A. Advise installers of adjacent Work about specific requirements for placement of reinforcement,
veneer anchors, flashing, and similar items to be built into stone masonry.
B. Coordinate locations of dovetail slots installed in concrete that are to receive stone anchors.
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PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.1 MANUFACTURERS
A. Source Limitations for Stone: Obtain each variety of stone, regardless of finish, from single
quarry, whether specified in this Section or in another Section of the Specifications, with
resources to provide materials of consistent quality in appearance and physical properties.
B. Source Limitations for Mortar Materials: Obtain mortar ingredients of uniform quality for each
cementitious component from single manufacturer and each aggregate from single source or
producer.
2.2 LIMESTONE
A. Material Standard: Comply with ASTM C 568.
1. Classification: II Medium Density.
B. Description: Oolitic limestone.
C. Varieties and Sources: Indiana limestone quarried in Lawrence, Monroe, or Owen Counties,
Indiana.
1. Indiana Limestone Grade and Color: Standard, buff, according to grade and color
classification established by ILI.
D. Match Architect's samples for color, finish, and other stone characteristics relating to aesthetic
effects.
2.3 MORTAR MATERIALS
A. Portland Cement: ASTM C 150, Type I or Type II, except Type III may be used for cold-weather
construction; natural color or white cement may be used as required to produce mortar color
indicated.
1. Low-Alkali Cement: Not more than 0.60 percent total alkali when tested according to
ASTM C 114.
B. Hydrated Lime: ASTM C 207, Type S.
C. Portland Cement-Lime Mix: Packaged blend of portland cement complying with ASTM C150,
Type I or III and hydrated lime complying with ASTM C207.
1. Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide one of the following:
a. Essroc, Italcementi Group; Saylor's Plus.
b. Holcim (US) Inc.; Rainbow Mortamix Custom Color Cement/Lime.
c. Lafarge North America; Eaglebond.
d. Lehigh Cement Company; Lehigh Custom Color Portland/Lime Cement.
D. Mortar Cement: ASTM C 1329.
1. Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide the following:
a. Lafarge North America; Lafarge Mortar Cement or Magnolia Superbond Mortar
Cement.
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E. Masonry Cement: ASTM C 91.
1. Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide one of the following:
a. Essroc, Italcementi Group; Brixment or Velvet.
b. Holcim (US) Inc.; Mortamix Masonry Cement.
c. Lafarge North America; Magnolia Masonry Cement, Trinity Super White Masonry
Type S, Trinity White Masonry Type N.
d. Lehigh Cement Company; Lehigh Masonry Cement, Lehigh White Masonry
Cement.
F. Mortar Pigments: Natural and synthetic iron oxides and chromium oxides, compounded for use
in mortar mixes and complying with ASTM C 979. Use only pigments with a record of
satisfactory performance in stone masonry mortar.
1. Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide one of the following:
a. Davis Colors; True Tone Mortar Colors.
b. Lanxess Corporation; Bayferrox Iron Oxide Pigments.
c. Solomon Colors; SGS Mortar Colors.
G. Aggregate: ASTM C 144 and as follows:
1. For pointing mortar, use aggregate graded with 100 percent passing No. 16 sieve.
2. White Aggregates: Natural white sand or ground white stone.
3. Colored Aggregates: Natural-colored sand or ground marble, granite, or other sound
stone; of color necessary to produce required mortar color.
a. Match Architect's sample.
H. Water: Potable.
2.4 VENEER ANCHORS
A. Materials:
1. Stainless-Steel Wire: ASTM A 580, Type 304.
2. Stainless-Steel Sheet: ASTM A 240, Type 304.
B. Size: Sufficient to extend at least halfway, but not less than 1-1/2 inches, through stone
masonry and with at least a 5/8-inch cover on exterior face.
C. Wire Veneer Anchors: Wire ties formed from W1.7 or 0.148-inch- diameter, stainless-steel wire.
1. Ties are bent in the form of loops with legs not less than 15 inches in length and with last
2 inches bent at 90 degrees.
2. Ties are bent in the form of rectangular loops with ends bent downward for inserting into
eyes projecting from masonry joint reinforcement specified in Section 04 20 00 "Unit
Masonry."
3. Ties are bent in the form of triangular loops designed to be attached to masonry joint
reinforcement specified in Section 04 20 00 "Unit Masonry" with vertical wires passing
through ties and through eyes projecting from masonry joint reinforcement.
D. Adjustable, Screw-Attached Veneer Anchors: Units consisting of a wire tie section and a metal
anchor section for attachment over sheathing to wood or metal studs, and as follows:
1. Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide one of the following:
a. Dur-O-Wal, a Dayton Superior Company; D/A 213.
b. Heckmann Building Products Inc.; 315-D with 316.
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c. Hohmann & Barnard, Inc.; DW-10 or DW-10HS.
d. Wire-Bond; RJ-711.
2. Anchor Section: Rib-stiffened, sheet metal plate with screw holes in top and bottom, 2-3/4
inches wide by 3 inches high; with projecting tabs having slotted holes for inserting
vertical legs of wire tie specially formed to fit veneer anchor section.
E. Polymer-Coated, Steel Tapping Screws for Concrete Masonry: Self-tapping screws with
specially designed threads for tapping and wedging into masonry, with hex washer head and
neoprene washer, 3/16-inch diameter by 1-1/2-inch length, and with organic polymer coating
with more than 800-hour, salt-spray resistance to red rust per ASTM B 117.
1. Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide one of the following:
a. ITW-Buildex; Tapcon.
b. Powers Fasteners; Tapper.
2.5 STONE TRIM ANCHORS
A. Stone Trim Anchors: Units fabricated with tabs or dowels designed to engage kerfs or holes in
stone trim units and holes for fasteners or post-installed anchor bolts for fastening to substrates
or framing as indicated.
1. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide products by one of the
following:
a. Halfen Anchoring Systems; Meadow Burke.
b. Heckmann Building Products Inc.
c. Hohmann & Barnard, Inc.
B. Materials: Fabricate anchors from stainless steel, ASTM A 240, Type 304. Fabricate dowels
from stainless steel, ASTM A 276, Type 304.
C. Fasteners for Stone Trim Anchors: Annealed stainless-steel bolts, nuts, and washers;
ASTM F 593 for bolts and ASTM F 594 for nuts, Alloy Group 1.
D. Post-installed Anchor Bolts for Fastening Stone Trim Anchors: Chemical anchors, torque-
controlled expansion anchors or undercut anchors made from stainless-steel components
complying with ASTM F 593 and ASTM F 594, Alloy Group 1 or 2 for bolts and nuts;
ASTM A 666 or ASTM A 276, Type 304 or Type 316, for anchors.
2.6 EMBEDDED FLASHING MATERIALS
A. Metal Flashing: Provide metal flashing, where flashing is exposed or partly exposed and where
indicated, complying with SMACNA's "Architectural Sheet Metal Manual Section 07 62 00
"Sheet Metal Flashing and Trim" and as follows:
1. Stainless Steel: ASTM A 240, Type 304, 0.016 inch thick.
2. Copper: ASTM B 370, Temper H00 or H01, cold-rolled copper sheet, 10-oz./sq. ft. weight
or 0.0135-inch-thick for fully concealed flashing; 16-oz./sq. ft. weight or 0.0216 inch thick
elsewhere.
3. Fabricate continuous flashings in sections 96 inches long minimum, but not exceeding 12
feet. Provide splice plates at joints of formed, smooth metal flashing.
4. Fabricate through-wall metal flashing embedded in masonry from copper, with ribs at 3-
inch intervals along length of flashing to provide an integral mortar bond.
5. Fabricate through-wall flashing with snap-lock receiver on exterior face where indicated
to receive counter-flashing.
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6. Fabricate through-wall flashing with drip edge unless otherwise indicated. Fabricate by
extending flashing 1/2 inch out from wall, with outer edge bent down 30 degrees.
7. Fabricate through-wall flashing with sealant stop where indicated. Fabricate by bending
metal back on itself 3/4 inch at exterior wall face and down into joint 3/8 inch to form a
stop for retaining sealant backer rod.
8. Fabricate metal drip edges and sealant stops for ribbed metal flashing from plain metal
flashing of same metal as ribbed flashing and extending at least 3 inches into wall with
hemmed inner edge to receive ribbed flashing and form a hooked seam. Form hem on
upper surface of metal so that completed seam will shed water.
9. Metal Drip Edges: Fabricate from stainless steel. Extend at least 3 inches into wall and
1/2 inch out from wall, with outer edge bent down 30 degrees.
10. Metal Sealant Stops: Fabricate from stainless steel. Extend at least 3 inches into wall and
out to exterior wall face. At exterior wall face, bend metal back on itself for 3/4 inch and
down into joint 3/8 inch to form a stop for retaining sealant backer rod.
11. Metal Expansion-Joint Strips: Fabricate from stainless steel to shapes indicated.
B. Flexible Flashing: For flashing unexposed to the exterior, use one of the following unless
otherwise indicated:
1. Copper: ASTM B 370, Temper H00 or H01, cold-rolled copper sheet, 10-oz. /sq. ft.
weight or 0.0135-inch-thick for fully concealed flashing; 16-oz. /sq. ft. weight or 0.0216
inch thick elsewhere.
2. Copper-Laminated Flashing: Manufacturer's standard laminated flashing consisting of 5- oz.
/sq. ft. copper sheet bonded with asphalt between 2 layers of glass-fiber cloth. Use only
where flashing is fully concealed in masonry.
a. Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide one of the following:
1) Advanced Building Products Inc.; Copper Fabric Flashing.
2) AFCO Products, Inc.; Copper Fabric.
3) York Manufacturing, Inc.; York Copper Fabric Flashing.
C. Application: Unless otherwise indicated, use the following:
1. Where flashing is indicated to receive counter-flashing, use metal flashing.
2. Where flashing is indicated to be turned down at or beyond wall face, use metal flashing.
3. Where flashing is partly exposed and is indicated to terminate at wall face, use metal
flashing with a drip edge or flexible flashing with a metal drip edge.
4. Where flashing is fully concealed, use flexible flashing.
D. Solder and Sealants for Sheet Metal Flashings: As specified in Section 07 62 00 "Sheet Metal
Flashing and Trim."
E. Adhesives, Primers, and Seam Tapes for Flexible Flashings: Flashing manufacturer's standard
products or products recommended by flashing manufacturer for bonding flashing sheets to
each other and to substrates.
2.7 MISCELLANEOUS MASONRY ACCESSORIES
A. Compressible Filler: Premolded filler strips complying with ASTM D 1056, Grade 2A1;
compressible up to 35 percent; of width and thickness indicated; formulated from neoprene
urethane or PVC.
B. Cementitious Dampproofing for Limestone: Cementitious formulation recommended by ILI and
non-staining to stone, compatible with joint sealants, and noncorrosive to veneer anchors and
attachments.
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C. Asphalt Dampproofing: asphalt emulsion complying with ASTM D 1227, Type III or Type IV.
D. Weep/Vent Products: Use the following unless otherwise indicated:
1. Mesh Weep Holes/Vents: Free-draining mesh; made from polyethylene strands, full width
of head joint and 2 inches high by thickness of stone masonry; in color selected from
manufacturer's standard.
a. Products: Subject to compliance with requirements:
1) CavClear/Archovations, Inc.; CavClear Weep Vents.
2) Mortar Net USA, Ltd.; Mortar Net Weep Vents.
3) Advanced Building Products, Inc.; Mortar Maze weep vent.
4) No.85 Cell Vent, Heckmann Building Products.
2. Alternative Flashing-Weep Products: At Contractor's option, a copper fabric flashing and
drainage system may be used in lieu of separate embedded flashing and weep holes.
Acceptable systems that may be incorporated into the Work include the following:
a. Products:
1) York Manufacturing, Inc.; 5 oz. Flash-Vent (Red Label).
E. Cavity Drainage Material: Free-draining mesh, made from polymer strands that will not degrade
within the wall cavity.
1. Provide one of the following configurations:
a. Nylon polymer geo-matrix mesh: 0.80 inches thick by 13 inches high, in 50-foot
rolls (Mortar Break).
b. Polypropylene mesh 1 inch by 10 inches high, in 5-foot panel lengths (Mortar Net).
2. Products:
a. Advanced Building Products Inc.; Mortar Break.
b. Mortar Net USA, Ltd.; Mortar Net.
2.8 MASONRY CLEANERS
A. Proprietary Acidic Cleaner: Manufacturer's standard-strength cleaner designed for removing
mortar and grout stains, efflorescence, and other new construction stains from stone masonry
surfaces without discoloring or damaging masonry surfaces; expressly approved for intended
use by cleaner manufacturer and stone producer.
2.9 FABRICATION
A. General: Fabricate stone units in sizes and shapes required to comply with requirements
indicated.
1. For limestone, comply with recommendations in ILI's "Indiana Limestone Handbook."
B. Cut and select stone to produce pieces of thickness, size, and shape indicated, including details
on Drawings and pattern specified in "Setting Stone Masonry" Article.
C. Dress joints (bed and vertical) straight and at right angle to face unless otherwise indicated.
Shape beds to fit supports.
D. Cut and drill sinkages and holes in stone for anchors and supports.
E. Carefully inspect stone at quarry or fabrication plant for compliance with requirements for
appearance, material, and fabrication. Replace defective units before shipment.
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1. Clean sawed backs of stone to remove rust stains and iron particles.
F. Thickness of Stone: Provide thickness indicated, but not less than the following:
1. Thickness: 4 inches plus or minus 1/4 inch. Thickness does not include projection of
pitched faces.
G. Finish exposed stone faces and edges to comply with requirements indicated for finish and to
match approved samples and mockups.
1. Finish: As indicated.
2. Finish for Sills: Smooth.
3. Finish for Lintels: Smooth.
4. Finish for Copings: Smooth.
a. Finish exposed ends of copings same as front and back faces.
2.10 MORTAR MIXES
A. General: Do not use admixtures, including pigments, air-entraining agents, accelerators,
retarders, water-repellent agents, antifreeze compounds, or other admixtures, unless otherwise
indicated.
1. Do not use calcium chloride.
2. Use portland cement-lime masonry cement or mortar cement mortar unless otherwise
indicated.
3. Add cold-weather admixture (if used) at same rate for all mortar that will be exposed to
view, regardless of weather conditions, to ensure that mortar color is consistent.
4. Mixing Pointing Mortar: Thoroughly mix cementitious and aggregate materials together
before adding water. Then mix again, adding only enough water to produce a damp,
unworkable mix that will retain its form when pressed into a ball. Maintain mortar in this
dampened condition for one to two hours. Add remaining water in small portions until
mortar reaches required consistency. Use mortar within 30 minutes of final mixing; do not
retemper or use partially hardened material.
B. Mortar for Stone Masonry: Comply with ASTM C 270, Proportion Specification.
1. Mortar for Setting Stone: Type N.
2. Mortar for Pointing Stone: Type N.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1 EXAMINATION
A. Examine surfaces indicated to receive stone masonry, with Installer present, for compliance with
requirements for installation tolerances and other conditions affecting performance of stone
masonry.
B. Examine substrate to verify that dovetail slots, inserts, reinforcement, veneer anchors, flashing,
and other items installed in substrates and required for or extending into stone masonry are
correctly installed.
C. Examine wall framing and sheathing to verify that stud locations are suitable for spacing of
veneer anchors and that installation will result in a weatherproof covering.
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D. Proceed with installation only after unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.
3.2 PREPARATION
A. Accurately mark stud centerlines before beginning stone installation.
B. Coat concrete and unit masonry backup with asphalt dampproofing.
C. Clean dirty or stained stone surfaces by removing soil, stains, and foreign materials before
setting. Clean stone by thoroughly scrubbing with fiber brushes and then drenching with clear
water. Use only mild cleaning compounds that contain no caustic or harsh materials or
abrasives.
3.3 SETTING STONE MASONRY
A. Perform necessary field cutting and trimming as stone is set.
1. Use power saws to cut stone that is fabricated with saw-cut surfaces. Cut lines straight
and true, with edges eased slightly to prevent snipping.
2. Use hammer and chisel to split stone that is fabricated with split surfaces. Make edges
straight and true, matching similar surfaces that were shop or quarry fabricated.
3. Pitch face at field-split edges as needed to match stones that are not field split.
B. Sort stone before it is placed in wall to remove stone that does not comply with requirements
relating to aesthetic effects, physical properties, or fabrication, or that is otherwise unsuitable for
intended use.
C. Arrange stones with color and size variations uniformly dispersed for an evenly blended
appearance.
D. Install supports, fasteners, and other attachments indicated or necessary to secure stone
masonry in place.
E. Set stone accurately in locations indicated with edges and faces aligned according to
established relationships and indicated tolerances.
F. Install steel lintels where indicated. Provide minimum bearing of 8 inches at each jamb unless
otherwise indicated.
G. Maintain uniform joint widths except for variations due to different stone sizes and where minor
variations are required to maintain bond alignment if any. Lay walls with joints at 3/8 inch.
H. Provide sealant joints of widths and at locations indicated.
1. Keep sealant joints free of mortar and other rigid materials.
2. Sealant joints are specified in Section 07 92 00 "Joint Sealants."
I. Install metal expansion strips in sealant joints at locations indicated. Build flanges of expansion
strips into masonry by embedding in mortar between stone masonry and backup wythe. Lap
each joint 4 inches in direction of water flow. Seal joints below grade and at junctures with
horizontal expansion joints if any.
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J. Install embedded flashing and weep holes at shelf angles, lintels, ledges, other obstructions to
downward flow of water in wall, and where indicated.
1. At stud-framed walls, extend flashing through stone masonry, up sheathing face at least 8
inches, and behind weather barrier.
2. At multi-wythe masonry walls, including cavity walls, extend flashing through stone
masonry, turned up a minimum of 4 inches, and extend into or through inner wythe to
comply with requirements in Section 04 20 00 "Unit Masonry."
3. At concrete backing, extend flashing through stone masonry, turned up a minimum of 4
inches, and insert in reglet. Reglets are specified in Section 07 62 00 "Sheet Metal
Flashing and Trim."
4. At lintels and shelf angles, extend flashing full length of angles but not less than 6 inches
into masonry at each end.
5. At sills, extend flashing not less than 4 inches at ends.
6. At ends of head and sill flashing, turn up not less than 2 inches to form end dams.
7. Interlock end joints of ribbed sheet metal flashing by overlapping ribs not less than 1-1/2
inches or as recommended by flashing manufacturer, and seal lap with elastomeric
sealant complying with requirements in Section 07 92 00 "Joint Sealants" for application
indicated.
8. Install metal drip edges and sealant stops with ribbed sheet metal flashing by interlocking
hemmed edges to form hooked seam. Seal seam with elastomeric sealant complying
with requirements in Section 07 92 00 "Joint Sealants" for application indicated.
9. Install metal drip edges beneath flexible flashing at exterior wall face. Stop flexible
flashing 1/2 inch back from exterior wall face and adhere flexible flashing to top of metal
drip edge.
10. Install metal flashing termination beneath flexible flashing at exterior wall face. Stop
flexible flashing 1/2 inch back from exterior wall face and adhere flexible flashing to top of
metal flashing termination.
11. Cut flexible flashing flush with wall face after completing masonry wall construction.
K. Place weep holes and vents in joints where moisture may accumulate, including at base of
cavity walls, above shelf angles, and at flashing.
1. Use mesh weep holes/vents to form weep holes.
2. Use wicking material to form weep holes above flashing in stone sills. Turn wicking down
at lip of sill to be as inconspicuous as possible.
3. Space weep holes 16 inches o.c.
4. Space weep holes formed from wicking material 16 inches o.c.
5. Trim wicking material used in weep holes flush with exterior wall face after mortar has
set.
6. Place cavity drainage material in cavities to comply with configuration requirements for
cavity drainage material in "Miscellaneous Masonry Accessories" Article.
L. Install vents in head joints at top of each continuous cavity at spacing indicated. Use mesh
weep holes/vents to form vents.
1. Close cavities off vertically and horizontally with blocking in manner indicated. Install
through-wall flashing and weep holes above horizontal blocking.
M. Coat limestone with cementitious dampproofing as follows:
1. Stone at Grade: Beds, joints, and back surfaces to at least 12 inches above finish-grade
elevations.
2. Stone Extending below Grade: Beds, joints, back surfaces, and face surfaces below
grade.
3. Allow cementitious damp-proofing formulations to cure before setting damp-proofed
stone. Do not damage or remove damp-proofing while handling and setting stone.
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3.4 CONSTRUCTION TOLERANCES
A. Variation from Plumb: For vertical lines and surfaces, do not exceed 1/4 inch in 10 feet, 3/8 inch
in 20 feet, or 1/2 inch in 40 feet or more. For external corners, expansion joints, control joints,
and other conspicuous lines, do not exceed 1/4 inch in 20 feet or 1/2 inch in 40 feet or more.
B. Variation from Level: For bed joints and lines of exposed lintels, sills, parapets, horizontal
grooves, and other conspicuous lines, do not exceed 1/4 inch in 20 feet or 1/2 inch in 40 feet or
more.
C. Variation of Linear Building Line: For position shown in plan, do not exceed 1/2 inch in 20 feet or
3/4 inch in 40 feet or more.
D. Measure variation from level, plumb, and position shown in plan as a variation of the average
plane of each stone face from level, plumb, or dimensioned plane.
E. Variation in Mortar-Joint Thickness: Do not vary from joint size range indicated.
F. Variation in Plane between Adjacent Stones: Do not exceed one-half of tolerance specified for
thickness of stone.
3.5 INSTALLATION OF ANCHORED STONE MASONRY
A. Anchor stone masonry to unit masonry with adjustable, screw-attached veneer anchors unless
otherwise indicated. Fasten anchors to unit masonry with two screws.
B. Anchor stone masonry to stud framing with adjustable, screw-attached veneer anchors unless
otherwise indicated. Fasten anchors through sheathing to framing with two screws.
C. Embed veneer anchors in mortar joints of stone masonry at least halfway, but not less than 1-
1/2 inches, through stone masonry and with at least a 5/8-inch cover on exterior face.
1. Install continuous wire reinforcement in horizontal joints and attach to seismic veneer
anchors as stone is set.
D. Space anchors not more than 18 inches o.c. vertically and 32 inches o.c. horizontally, with not
less than one anchor per 2.67 sq. ft. of wall area. Install additional anchors within 12 inches of
openings, sealant joints, and perimeter at intervals not exceeding 12 inches.
E. Anchor stone trim with stone trim anchors where indicated. Install anchors by fastening to
substrate and inserting tabs and dowels into kerfs and holes in stone units. Provide
compressible filler in ends of dowel holes and bottoms of kerfs to prevent end bearing of dowels
and anchor tabs on stone. Fill remainder of anchor holes and kerfs with mortar.
F. Set stone in full bed of mortar with full head joints unless otherwise indicated. Build anchors into
mortar joints as stone is set.
G. Provide 1-inch cavity between stone masonry and backup construction unless otherwise
indicated. Keep cavity free of mortar droppings and debris.
1. Slope beds toward cavity to minimize mortar protrusions into cavity.
2. Do not attempt to trowel or remove mortar fins protruding into cavity.
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H. Rake out joints for pointing with mortar to depth of not less than 1/2 inch before setting mortar
has hardened. Rake joints to uniform depths with square bottoms and clean sides.
3.6 POINTING
A. Prepare stone-joint surfaces for pointing with mortar by removing dust and mortar particles.
Where setting mortar was removed to depths greater than surrounding areas, apply pointing
mortar in layers not more than 3/8-inch-deep until a uniform depth is formed.
B. Point stone joints by placing and compacting pointing mortar in layers of not more than 3/8 inch
deep. Compact each layer thoroughly and allow to it become thumbprint hard before applying
next layer.
C. Tool joints, when pointing mortar is thumbprint hard, with a smooth jointing tool to produce the
following joint profile:
1. Joint Profile: Concave.
3.7 ADJUSTING AND CLEANING
A. Remove and replace stone masonry of the following description:
1. Broken, chipped, stained, or otherwise damaged stone. Stone may be repaired if
methods and results are approved by Architect.
2. Defective joints.
3. Stone masonry not matching approved samples and mockups.
4. Stone masonry not complying with other requirements indicated.
B. Replace in a manner that results in stone masonry matching approved samples and mockups,
complying with other requirements, and showing no evidence of replacement.
C. In-Progress Cleaning: Clean stone masonry as work progresses. Remove mortar fins and
smears before tooling joints.
D. Final Cleaning: After mortar is thoroughly set and cured, clean stone masonry as follows:
1. Remove large mortar particles by hand with wooden paddles and non-metallic scrape
hoes or chisels.
2. Test cleaning methods on mockup; leave one-half of panel uncleaned for comparison
purposes. Obtain Architect's approval of sample cleaning before cleaning stone masonry.
3. Protect adjacent stone and non-masonry surfaces from contact with cleaner by covering
them with liquid strippable masking agent, polyethylene film, or waterproof masking tape.
4. Wet wall surfaces with water before applying cleaner; remove cleaner promptly by rinsing
thoroughly with clear water.
5. Clean stone masonry by bucket and brush hand-cleaning method described in BIA
Technical Note No. 20, Revised II, using job-mixed detergent solution.
6. Clean stone masonry with proprietary acidic cleaner applied according to manufacturer's
written instructions.
7. Clean limestone masonry to comply with recommendations in ILI's "Indiana Limestone
Handbook."
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3.8 EXCESS MATERIALS AND WASTE
A. Excess Stone: Stack excess stone where directed by Owner for Owner's use.
B. Disposal as Fill Material: Dispose of clean masonry waste, including mortar and excess or soil-
contaminated sand, by crushing and mixing with fill material as fill is placed.
1. Crush masonry waste to less than 4 inches in greatest dimension.
2. Mix masonry waste with at least 2 parts of specified fill material for each part of masonry
waste. Fill material is specified in Section 31 20 00 "Earth Moving."
3. Do not dispose of masonry waste as fill within 18 inches of finished grade.
C. Excess Masonry Waste: Remove excess clean masonry waste that cannot be used as fill, as
described above, and other waste, and legally dispose of off Owner's property.
END OF SECTION 04 43 13