HomeMy WebLinkAbout200050 MECHANICAL MATERIALS AND METHODSTHE KENT
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SECTION 20 00 50 - BASIC MECHANICAL MATERIALS AND METHODS
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.01 RELATED SECTIONS:
A. Drawings, general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary
Conditions, and Division-1 Specification Sections and Division 21, 22, and 23 Specification
Sections, apply to work of this Section.
B. This section applies to Division 21, 22 and 23 Specification Sections.
1.02 DESCRIPTION OF WORK:
A. This Section includes limited scope general construction materials and methods for application
with mechanical installations as follows:
1. Mechanical equipment nameplate data.
2. Excavation for underground utilities and services, including underground piping (under
the building and from building to utility connection), tanks, basins, and equipment.
3. Miscellaneous metals for support of mechanical materials and equipment.
4. Joint sealers for sealing around mechanical materials and equipment.
B. This Section specifies materials and installation methods common to Divisions 21, 22 and 23
and includes joining materials, piping specialties, and basic piping installation instructions.
1. Products Included:
a. Piping Sleeves
b. Pipe Escutcheons
c. Dielectric Unions
d. Sleeve Seals
e. Transition Fittings
f. Pressure Regulating Valves
g. Relief Valves
2. Piping specialties furnished as part of factory-fabricated equipment, are specified as
part of equipment assembly in other specification sections.
1.03 SUBMITTALS:
A. General: Submit the following in accordance with Conditions of Contract and Division 1
Specification Sections.
B. Product Data: Submit manufacturer's technical product data, including installation instructions,
and dimensioned drawings for each type of manufactured piping specialty. Include pressure
drop curve or chart for each type and size of pipeline strainer. Submit schedule showing
manufacturer's figure number, scale range, location, and features for each pipeline specialty.
1. Submit product data for the following products:
a. Piping Sleeves
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b. Pipe Escutcheons
c. Dielectric Unions
d. Sleeve Seals
e. Water Hammer Arresters
f. Pressure Regulating Valves
g. Relief Valves
h. Joint sealers.
i. Access Doors
C. Shop Drawings:
1. Submit for fabricated specialties, indicating details of fabrication, materials, and
method of support.
2. Submit detailing of fabrication and installation for metal fabrications, and wood
supports and anchorage for mechanical materials and equipment.
3. Coordination drawings for access panel and door locations.
D. Maintenance Data: Submit maintenance data and spare parts lists for each type of
manufactured piping specialty. Include this data, product data, and shop drawings in
maintenance manual; in accordance with requirements of Division 1.
E. Quality Control Submittals:
1. Submit welders' certificates specified in Quality Assurance below.
1.04 QUALITY ASSURANCE:
A. Soldering and Brazing procedures shall conform to ANSI B9.1 Standard Safety Code for
Mechanical Refrigeration.
B. Installer Qualifications: Engage an experienced Installer for the installation and application
joint sealers, access panels, and doors.
C. Fire-Resistance Ratings: Where a fire-resistance classification is indicated, provide access
door assembly with panel door, frame, hinge, and latch from manufacturer listed in the UL
"Building Materials Directory" for rating shown.
1. Provide UL Label on each fire-rated access door.
1.05 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING:
A. Provide factory-applied plastic end-caps on each length of pipe and tube, except for
hub-and-spigot pipe. Maintain end-caps through shipping, storage and handling to prevent
pipe-end damage and prevent entrance of dirt, debris, and moisture.
B. Protect stored pipes and tubes. Elevate above grade and enclose with durable, waterproof
wrapping. When stored inside, do not exceed structural capacity of the floor.
C. Protect flanges, fittings, and specialties from moisture and dirt by inside storage and
enclosure, or by packaging with durable, waterproof wrapping.
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D. Replace at no expense to Owner, equipment or material damaged during storage or handling,
as directed by Architect.
E. Ship equipment in original packages, to prevent damaging or entrance of foreign matter.
F. Handle and ship in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations.
G. Deliver joint sealer materials in original unopened containers or bundles with labels informing
about manufacturer, product name and designation, color, expiration period for use, pot life,
curing time, and mixing instructions for multi-component materials.
H. Store and handle joint sealer materials in compliance with the manufacturers'
recommendations to prevent their deterioration and damage.
1.06 PROJECT CONDITIONS:
A. Conditions Affecting Excavations: The following project conditions apply:
1. Maintain and protect existing building services which transit the area affected by
selective demolition.
2. Protect structures, utilities, sidewalks, pavements, and other facilities from damage
caused by settlement, lateral movement, undermining, washout, and other hazards
created by excavation operations.
3. Site Information: Subsurface conditions were investigated during the design of the
Project. Reports of these investigations are available for information only; data in the
reports are not intended as representations or warranties of accuracy or continuity of
conditions. The Owner will not be responsible for interpretations or conclusions drawn
from this information.
4. Existing Utilities: Locate existing underground utilities in excavation areas. If utilities
are indicated to remain, support and protect services during excavation operations.
5. Remove existing underground utilities indicated to be removed.
a. Uncharted or Incorrectly Charted Utilities: Contact utility owner immediately
for instructions.
b. Provide temporary utility services to affected areas. Provide minimum of
48-hour notice to Architect prior to utility interruption.
B. Environmental Conditions: Apply joint sealers under temperature and humidity conditions
within the limits permitted by the joint sealer manufacturer. Do not apply joint sealers to wet
substrates.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.01 MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT NAMEPLATE DATA:
A. Nameplate: For each piece of power operated mechanical equipment, provide a permanent
operations data nameplate indicating manufacture, project name, operating and power
characteristics, labels of tested compliances, and similar essential data. Locate nameplates in
an accessible location.
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2.02 SOIL MATERIALS:
A. Subbase Material: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel, crushed
stone, crushed slag, or natural or crushed sand.
B. Drainage Fill: Washed, evenly graded mixture of crushed stone, or crushed or uncrushed
gravel, with 100 percent passing 1-1/2-inch sieve, and not more than 5 percent passing a No.
4 sieve.
C. Backfill and Fill Materials: Materials complying with ASTM D 2487 soil classification groups
GW, GP, GM, SW, and SP; free of clay, rock, or gravel larger than 2 inches in any dimension;
debris; waste; frozen materials; and vegetable and other deleterious matter.
2.03 PIPE AND FITTINGS:
A. Refer to individual piping system Specification Sections for specifications on piping and fittings
relative to that particular system.
2.04 JOINING MATERIALS:
A. Brazing Materials: Comply with SFA-5.8, Section II, ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
for brazing filler metal materials appropriate for the materials being joined.
B. Soldering Materials: Refer to individual piping system specifications for solder appropriate for
each respective system.
C. Gaskets for Flanged Joints:
1. Gasket material shall be full-faced for cast-iron flanges and raised-face for steel
flanges.
a. Select materials to suit the service of the piping system in which installed and
which conform to their respective ANSI Standard (A21.11, B16.20, or B16.21).
b. Provide materials that will not be detrimentally affected by the chemical and
thermal conditions of the fluid being carried.
2. AWWA C110, rubber, flat face, 1/8 inch thick, unless otherwise indicated; and full-face
or ring type, unless otherwise indicated.
D. Flange Bolts and Nuts: ASME B18.2.1, carbon steel, unless otherwise indicated.
E. Solvent Cements for Joining Plastic Piping:
1. CPVC Piping: ASTM F 493.
2. PVC Piping: ASTM D 2564. Include primer according to ASTM F 656.
3. PVC to ABS Piping Transition: ASTM D 3138.
2.05 TRANSITION FITTINGS:
A. AWWA Transition Couplings: Same size as, and with pressure rating at least equal to and
with ends compatible with, piping to be joined.
1. Manufacturers:
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a. Cascade Waterworks Mfg. Co.
b. Dresser Industries, Inc.; DMD Div.
c. Ford Meter Box Company, Incorporated (The); Pipe Products Div.
d. JCM Industries.
e. Smith-Blair, Inc.
f. Viking Johnson.
2. Underground Piping 1-1/2” and Smaller: Manufactured fitting or coupling.
3. Underground Piping 2” and Larger: AWWA C219, metal sleeve-type coupling.
4. Aboveground Pressure Piping: Pipe fitting.
B. Plastic-to-Metal Transition Fittings: CPVC and PVC one-piece fitting with manufacturer's
Schedule 80 equivalent dimensions; one end with threaded brass insert, and one solvent
cement-joint end.
1. Manufacturers:
a. Eslon Thermoplastics.
C. Plastic-to-Metal Transition Adaptors: One-piece fitting with manufacturer's SDR 11 equivalent
dimensions; one end with threaded brass insert, and one solvent-cement-joint end.
1. Manufacturers:
a. Thompson Plastics, Inc.
b.
D. Plastic-to-Metal Transition Unions: MSS SP-107, CPVC and PVC four-part union. Include
brass end, solvent-cement-joint end, rubber O-ring, and union nut.
1. Manufacturers:
a. NIBCO INC.
b. NIBCO, Inc.; Chemtrol Div.
E. Flexible Transition Couplings for Underground Non-pressure Drainage Piping: ASTM C 1173
with elastomeric sleeve, ends same size as piping to be joined, and corrosion-resistant metal
band on each end.
1. Manufacturers:
a. Cascade Waterworks Mfg. Co.
b. Fernco, Inc.
c. Mission Rubber Company.
d. Plastic Oddities, Inc.
2.06 SLEEVES:
A. Sheet-Metal Sleeves: 20 gage, galvanized sheet metal, round tube closed with welded
longitudinal joint.
B. Steel Sleeves: Schedule 40 galvanized, welded steel pipe, ASTM A53, Grade A.
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C. Steel sleeves through foundation walls shall be Link-Seal model WS hot dipped galvanized
with integral full circle, continuously welded, water stop plate to assure positive water sealing
and to prevent thrust movement.
2.07 PIPE ESCUTCHEONS:
A. General: Provide pipe escutcheons as specified herein with inside diameter closely fitting pipe
outside diameter, or outside of pipe insulation where pipe is insulated. Select outside diameter
of escutcheon to completely cover pipe penetration hole in floors, walls, or ceilings, and pipe
sleeve extension, if any. Furnish pipe escutcheons with nickel or chrome finish for occupied
areas, prime paint finish for unoccupied areas.
B. Pipe Escutcheons for Moist Areas: For waterproof floors, and areas where water and
condensation can be expected to accumulate, provide cast brass or sheet brass escutcheons,
solid or split hinged.
C. Pipe Escutcheons for Dry Areas: Provide sheet steel escutcheons, solid or split hinged.
D. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide pipe escutcheons of one of
the following:
1. Chicago Specialty Mfg. Co.
2. Producers Specialty & Mfg. Corp.
3. Sanitary-Dash Mfg. Co.
2.08 DIELECTRIC FITTINGS:
A. General: Provide standard products recommended by manufacturer for use in service
indicated, which effectively isolate ferrous from non-ferrous piping (electrical conductance),
prevent galvanic action, and stop corrosion.
B. Description: Combination fitting of copper alloy and ferrous materials with threaded, solder
joint, plain, or weld-neck end connections that match piping system materials.
C. Insulating Material: Suitable for system fluid, pressure, and temperature.
D. Dielectric Unions: Factory-fabricated, union assembly, for 250-psig minimum working
pressure at 180 deg F. Shall be listed under ASSE Standard No. 1079.
1. Manufacturers:
a. B & K Industries, Inc.
b. Capitol Manufacturing Co.
c. Central Plastics Company.
d. Eclipse, Inc.
e. Epco Sales, Inc.
f. Hart Industries, International, Inc.
g. Perfection Corp.
h. Rockford-Eclipse Div.
i. Watts Industries, Inc.; Water Products Div.
j. Zurn Industries, Inc.; Wilkins Div.
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E. Dielectric Flanges: Factory-fabricated, companion-flange assembly, for 150- or 300-psig
minimum working pressure as required to suit system pressures.
1. Manufacturers:
a. Capitol Manufacturing Co.
b. Central Plastics Company.
c. Epco Sales, Inc.
d. Watts Industries, Inc.; Water Products Div.
F. Dielectric-Flange Kits: Companion-flange assembly for field assembly. Include flanges, full
face-or ring-type neoprene or phenolic gasket, phenolic or polyethylene bolt sleeves, phenolic
washers, and steel backing washers.
1. Manufacturers:
a. Advance Products & Systems, Inc.
b. Calpico, Inc.
c. Central Plastics Company.
d. Pipeline Seal and Insulator, Inc.
2. Separate companion flanges and steel bolts and nuts shall have 150- or 300-psig
minimum working pressure where required to suit system pressures.
2.09 MECHANICAL SLEEVE SEALS:
A. General: Provide sleeve seals for sleeves located in foundation walls below grade, or in
exterior walls. Modular mechanical type, consisting of interlocking synthetic rubber links
shaped to continuously fill annular space between pipe and sleeve, connected with bolts and
pressure plates which cause rubber sealing elements to expand when tightened, providing
watertight seal and electrical insulation.
B. Manufacturer: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide mechanical sleeve seals of
one of the following:
1. Link Seal as manufactured by Thunderline Corp.
2. MetraSeal as manufactured by Metraflex
3. Pipe Linx as manufactured by Calpico
4. PipeSeal as manufactured by Flexicraft Industries
2.10 WATER PRESSURE REGULATING VALVES:
A. Pressure Regulating Valves: Single seated, direct operated type; having bronze body with
integral strainer, and complying with requirements of ASSE Standard 1003. Select proper size
for maximum flow rate and inlet and outlet pressures indicated.
B. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide water pressure regulating
valves of one of the following:
1. Cash
2. Claval Co.
3. Spence
4. Watts Regulator.
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2.11 RELIEF VALVES:
A. Provide proper size for relief valve, in accordance with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
Codes, for indicated capacity of the appliance for which installed.
B. Combined Pressure-Temperature Relief Valves: Bronze body, test lever, thermostat,
complying with ANSI Z21.22 listing requirements for temperature discharge capacity. Provide
temperature relief at 210 deg F, and pressure relief at 150 psi.
C. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide water relief valves of one of
the following:
1. Cash
2. Watts
3. Zurn
2.12 MISCELLANEOUS METALS:
A. Steel plates, shapes, bars, and bar grating: ASTM A 36.
B. Cold-Formed Steel Tubing: ASTM A 500.
C. Hot-Rolled Steel Tubing: ASTM A 501.
D. Steel Pipe: ASTM A 53, Schedule 40, welded.
E. Fasteners: Zinc-coated, type, grade, and class as required.
2.13 GROUT:
A. Description: ASTM C 1107, Grade B, non-shrink and non-metallic, dry hydraulic-cement
grout.
1. Characteristics: Post-hardening, volume-adjusting, non-staining, noncorrosive,
nongaseous, and recommended for interior and exterior applications.
2. Design Mix: 5000-psi (34.5-MPa), 28-day compressive strength.
3. Packaging: Premixed and factory packaged.
2.14 JOINT SEALERS:
A. General: Joint sealers, joint fillers, and other related materials compatible with each other and
with joint substrates under conditions of service and application.
B. Colors: As selected by the Architect from manufacture's standard colors.
C. Elastomeric Joint Sealers: Provide the following types:
1. Acrylic-Emulsion Sealants: One-part, nonsag, mildew-resistant, paintable complying
with ASTM C 834 recommended for exposed applications on interior and protected
exterior locations involving joint movement of not more than plus or minus 5 percent.
2. Fire Barrier Penetration Seals are specified in Section 07840 - Fire Stopping.
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2.15 ACCESS DOORS AND FRAMES:
A. Flush, Un-insulated, Fire-Rated and non-Fire-Rated Access Doors and Frames with Exposed
Trim: Fabricated from metallic-coated steel sheet. Joints and seams shall be continuously
welded steel with welds ground smooth and flush with adjacent surfaces
B. Size for proper access, adjusting and maintenance:
1. 12 in. x 12 in. minimum for valves, trap primers, shock absorbers, etc.
2. 24 in. x 24 in. minimum for man access to concealed fans, coils, etc., unless indicated
otherwise.
C. Supply as required by work in this Division.
D. Frames
1. For installation in masonry, concrete, ceramic tile, or wood paneling wall surfaces, 1”
wide exposed perimeter flange and adjustable masonry anchors.
2. For installation in gypsum wallboard or plaster wall surfaces, perforated flanges with
wall board bead.
3. For full bed plaster applications, galvanized expanded metal lath and exposed casing
bead welded to the perimeter of the frame.
4. For installation in gypsum wallboard ceilings, flush access panels and trimless frames.
5. Fire-Resistance Rating: Provide rating same as wall or ceiling for which access door
is indicated on drawings.
E. Doors
1. Door: Minimum 0.060-inch-thick sheet metal, flush construction with concealed spring
hinges or continuous piano hinge set to open 175 degrees, factory prime painted.
2. Fire Rated Doors: Insulated flush panel doors with continuous piano hinge and self-
closing mechanism.
3. Latch: Self-latching bolt operated by flush key with interior release.
4. Prepared to receive mortise cylinder lock, specified in Division 8 Section "Door
Hardware," with interior release.
5. Flush, screwdriver-operated cam locks.
F. Manufacturers:
1. Access doors:
a. Karp Associates, Inc.
b. Higgins Mfg. Co.
c. Inryco, Inc.: Milcor.
d. Walsh-Spencer Co.
2.16 MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED METAL WORK:
A. Gratings in Shafts:
1. Under General Construction Work.
2. Suitable for minimum 100 lb per sq.ft. floor loading.
3. Support on structural steel members.
4. Submit shop drawings with details of construction and method of attachment.
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5. Grating similar to:
a. Steel: Irving "X-Bar".
b. Aluminum: Irving "X-Bar".
c. Fiberglass: Ryerson Duradek I-5000.
B. Trench Covers, or Gratings and Frames:
1. Under General Construction Work.
2. Covers:
a. Galvanized checkered steel with:
b. Galvanized expanded and perforated steel with:
(1) Flush drop-type lift handles.
(2) Means for securing to frame for easy removal.
c. 3 ft. long.
d. 1/4 in. thick.
3. Gratings: steel similar to Irving Grating.
4. Frames: 2 in. x 2 in. x 1/4 in. galvanized welded angle iron with welded stops and lugs
for anchoring into concrete.
5. Turn over for setting under General Construction work.
C. Guards and Railings:
1. Furnish guards and railings as indicated and/or as required by Authorities having
Jurisdiction.
2. Provide OSHA approved guards for belt drives and rotating equipment.
3. Guards removable with:
a. Frames: No. 18 USSG steel.
b. Fronts: No. 20 USSG galvanized perforated steel with:
(1) Covered test openings to permit rpm readings without removal.
c. Supports: galvanized steel angles or channels, braced to maintain clearances
of moving parts.
d. Clearance for motor adjustment.
4. Railings: removable of 1¼ in. pipe and rail fittings.
2.17 PAINTING:
A. Manufacturers:
1. Sherwin-Williams.
2. Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co.
3. Pratt and Lambert.
4. Rust-Oleum.
B. Materials:
1. Best grade for its purpose.
2. Deliver in original sealed containers.
3. Apply in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.
4. Heat resistant paint for hot piping, equipment and materials.
5. Colors as selected.
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PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.01 EXAMINATION:
A. Examine substrates, areas, and conditions, with Installer present, for compliance with
requirements for installation tolerances and other conditions affecting installation and
application of joint sealers and access panels. Do not proceed with installation until
unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.
3.02 EXCAVATION AND BACKFILL:
A. Slope sides of excavations to comply with local codes and ordinances. Shore and brace as
required for stability of excavation.
B. Shoring and Bracing: Establish requirements for trench shoring and bracing to comply with
local codes and authorities. Maintain shoring and bracing in excavations regardless of time
period excavations will be open.
1. Remove shoring and bracing when no longer required. Where sheeting is allowed to
remain, cut top of sheeting at an elevation of 30 inches below finished grade elevation.
C. Install sediment and erosion control measures in accordance with local codes and ordinances.
D. Dewatering: Prevent surface water and subsurface or groundwater from flowing into
excavations and from flooding project site and surrounding area.
1. Establish and maintain temporary drainage ditches and other diversions outside
excavation limits to convey surface water to collecting or run-off areas. Do not use
trench excavations as temporary drainage ditches.
E. Material Storage: Stockpile satisfactory excavated materials where directed, until required for
backfill or fill. Place, grade, and shape stockpiles for proper drainage.
F. Excavation for Underground Tanks, Basins, and Mechanical Structures: Conform to
elevations and dimensions shown within a tolerance of plus or minus 0.10 foot; plus a
sufficient distance to permit placing and removal of concrete formwork, installation of services
other construction, and for inspection.
1. Excavate, by hand, areas within drip-line of large trees. Protect the root system from
damage and dry-out. Maintain moist conditions for root system and cover exposed
roots with burlap. Paint root cuts of 1 inch in diameter and larger with emulsified
asphalt tree paint.
2. Take care not to disturb bottom of excavation. Excavate by hand to final grade just
before concrete reinforcement is placed.
G. Trenching: Excavate trenches for mechanical installations as follows:
1. Excavate trenches to the uniform width, sufficiently wide to provide ample working
room and a minimum of 6 to 9 inches clearance on both sides of pipe and equipment.
2. Limit the length of open trench to that in which pipe can be installed, tested, and the
trench backfilled within the same day.
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3. Where rock is encountered, carry excavation below required elevation and backfill with
a layer of crushed stone or gravel prior to installation of pipe. Provide a minimum of 6
inches of stone or gravel cushion between rock bearing surface and pipe.
4. Excavate trenches for piping and equipment with bottoms of trench to accurate
elevations for support of pipe and equipment on undisturbed soil.
a. For pipes or equipment 6 inches or larger in nominal size, shape bottom of
trench to fit bottom 1/4 of the circumference. Fill unevenness with tamped
sand backfill. At each pipe joint over-excavate to relieve the bell or pipe joint
of the pipe of loads, and to ensure continuous bearing of the pipe barrel on the
bearing surface.
H. Cold Weather Protection: Protect excavation bottoms against freezing when atmospheric
temperature is less than 35 deg F.
I. Backfilling and Filling: Place soil materials in layers to required sub-grade elevations for each
area classification listed below, using materials specified in Part 2 of this Section.
1. Under walks and pavements, use a combination of sub base materials and excavated
or borrowed materials.
2. Under building slabs, use drainage fill materials.
3. Under piping and equipment, use sub-base materials where required over rock
bearing surface and for correction of unauthorized excavation.
4. For piping less than 30 inches below surface of roadways, provide 4-inch-thick
concrete base slab support. After installation and testing of piping, provide a 4-inch
thick concrete encasement (sides and top) prior to backfilling and placement of
roadway sub-base.
J. Backfill excavations as promptly as work permits, but not until completion of the following:
1. Inspection, testing, approval, and locations of underground utilities have been
recorded.
2. Removal of concrete formwork.
3. Removal of shoring and bracing, and backfilling of voids.
4. Removal of trash and debris.
K. Placement and Compaction: Place backfill and fill materials in layers of not more than 8
inches in loose depth for material compacted by heavy equipment, and not more than 4 inches
in loose depth for material compacted by hand-operated tampers.
L. Before compaction, moisten or aerate each layer as necessary to provide optimum moisture
content. Compact each layer to required percentage of maximum dry density or relative dry
density for each area classification specified below. Do not place backfill or fill material on
surfaces that are muddy, frozen, or contain frost or ice.
M. Place backfill and fill materials evenly adjacent to structures, piping, and equipment to required
elevations. Prevent displacement of piping and equipment by carrying material uniformly
around them to approximately same elevation in each lift.
N. Compaction: Control soil compaction during construction, providing minimum percentage of
density specified for each area classification indicated below.
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1. Percentage of Maximum Density Requirements: Compact soil to not less than the
following percentages of maximum density for soils which exhibit a well-defined
moisture-density relationship (cohesive soils), determined in accordance with ASTM D
1557 and not less than the following percentages of relative density, determined in
accordance with ASTM D 2049, for soils which will not exhibit a well-defined
moisture-density relationship (cohesionless soils).
a. Areas Under Structures, Building Slabs and Steps, Pavements: Compact top
12 inches of subgrade and each layer of backfill or fill material to 90 percent
maximum density for cohesive material, or 95 percent relative density for
cohesionless material.
b. Areas Under Walkways: Compact top 6 inches of sub-grade and each layer
of backfill or fill material to 90 percent maximum density for cohesive material,
or 95 percent relative density for cohesionless material.
O. Moisture Control: Where sub-grade or layer of soil material must be moisture conditioned
before compaction, uniformly apply water. Apply water in minimum quantity necessary to
achieve required moisture content and to prevent water appearing on surface during, or
subsequent to, compaction operations.
P. Subsidence: Where subsidence occurs at mechanical installation excavations during the
period 12 months after Substantial Completion, remove surface treatment (i.e., pavement,
lawn, or other finish), add backfill material, compact to specified conditions, and replace
surface treatment. Restore appearance, quality, and condition of surface or finish to match
adjacent areas.
3.03 CONCRETE WORK:
A. On concrete floors, install equipment on concrete housekeeping pads:
1. Pads 4 in. high unless otherwise noted.
2. Extend 4 in. minimum beyond equipment base, all sides.
3. Concrete work, including forming and reinforcing,
a. Coordinate size and location with General Contractor.
b. Furnish and locate anchors and anchor bolts.
4. Curbs for field erected plenums similar.
B. Miscellaneous Concrete Items:
1. Concrete work, including forming and reinforcing:
a. Anchor and thrust blocks.
b. Underground tank hold down slabs.
c. Pipe trenches.
2. Refer to details on drawings.
C. Provide foundations for:
1. Pumps.
2. Floor mounted control panels.
3. As noted.
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3.04 CONCRETE BASES:
A. Concrete Bases: Anchor equipment to concrete base according to equipment manufacturer's
written instructions and according to seismic codes at Project.
1. Construct concrete bases of dimensions indicated, but not less than 4 inches larger in
both directions than supported unit.
2. Install dowel rods to connect concrete base to concrete floor. Unless otherwise
indicated, install dowel rods on 18-inch centers around the full perimeter of the base.
3. Install epoxy-coated anchor bolts for supported equipment that extend through
concrete base, and anchor into structural concrete floor.
4. Place and secure anchorage devices. Use supported equipment manufacturer's
setting drawings, templates, diagrams, instructions, and directions furnished with items
to be embedded.
5. Install anchor bolts to elevations required for proper attachment to supported
equipment.
6. Install anchor bolts according to anchor-bolt manufacturer's written instructions.
7. Use 3000-psi, 28-day compressive-strength concrete and reinforcement as specified
in Division 03 Section
B. Provide concrete as specified herein:
1. One part Portland cement, two parts fine aggregate, and four parts coarse aggregate.
2. Concrete shall be the same consistency as specified under General Construction
Work.
3. Provide concrete poured-in-place on roughened concrete floor, cleaned and slushed
with coat of cement grout. Do not pour foundation until concrete has set.
4. Foundation shall be puddled and finished smooth.
C. Hold vibration isolation and anchor bolts in position during pour. Set anchor bolts in oversized
sleeves with washers and nuts at bottom. Finish bolts flush with nuts on top. Foundations
shall extend 6 inch beyond equipment, except as noted.
3.05 ERECTION OF METAL SUPPORTS AND ANCHORAGE:
A. Cut, fit, and place miscellaneous metal fabrications accurately in location, alignment, and
elevation to support and anchor mechanical materials and equipment.
B. Field Welding: Comply with AWS "Structural Welding Code."
3.06 CLEARANCE FROM ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT:
A. Piping or ductwork:
1. Prohibited in (unless specifically serving that area):
a. Electric rooms and closets.
b. Telephone rooms and closets.
c. Elevator machine rooms.
d. Electric switchboard room.
2. Prohibited above an area within 5 ft. of:
a. Transformers.
b. Motor Control Centers.
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c. Engine Generators.
3.07 INSTALLATION OF ACCESS DOORS AND PANELS:
A. Set frames accurately in position and securely attached to supports with face panels plumb
and level in relation to adjacent finished surfaces.
B. Adjust hardware and panels after installation for proper operation.
3.08 ACCESS TO VALVES AND EQUIPMENT:
A. Access shall be possible where valves, fire dampers, filters, control devices, and any other
equipment requiring access for servicing, repairs, or maintenance are located in walls, chases,
and/or above ceilings.
B. Definition of Accessible:
1. Valves and dampers may be operated.
2. Control devices may be adjusted.
3. Fire dampers may be reset.
4. Equipment access panels may be opened.
5. Normal maintenance work such as replacement of filters, lubrication of bearings, etc.,
may be performed readily within arm's reach of access opening.
6. It shall not be necessary to crawl through furred ceiling space to perform such
operations.
C. Group concealed valves, expansion joints, controls, dampers and equipment requiring service
access, so as to be freely accessible through access doors and to minimize the number of
access doors required.
D. Relocate piping equipment and accessories as required, at no extra cost to afford proper
maintenance access.
E. For access into ductwork see Section 233300: Ductwork Accessories.
F. Coordinate location of access panels with applicable trades installing walls or ceiling.
1. Coordinate panel locations with lights and other architectural features.
2. Submit proposed panel locations to Architect for review.
3.09 PIPE INSTALLATION:
A. Drawings (plans, schematics, and diagrams) indicate the general location and arrangement of
the piping systems. Location and arrangement of piping layout take into consideration pipe
sizing and friction loss, expansion, pump sizing, and other design considerations.
B. Ream ends of pipes and tubes, and remove burrs. Bevel plain ends of steel pipe.
C. Remove scale, slag, dirt, and debris for both inside and outside of piping and fittings before
assembly.
D. So far as practical, install piping as indicated.
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E. Conceal all pipe installations in walls, pipe chases, utility spaces, above ceilings, below grade
or floors, unless indicated otherwise.
F. Install piping free of sags or bends and with ample space between piping to permit proper
insulation applications.
G. Install exposed piping at right angles or parallel to building walls. Diagonal runs are not
permitted, unless expressly indicated on the Drawings.
H. Install piping tight to slabs, beams, joists, columns, walls, and other permanent elements of the
building. Provide space to permit insulation applications, with 1" clearance outside the
insulation. Allow sufficient space above removable ceiling panels to allow for panel removal.
I. Locate groups of pipes parallel to each other, spaced to permit applying full insulation and
servicing of valves.
J. Install drains at low points in mains, risers, and branch lines consisting of a tee fitting, 3/4" ball
valve, and short 3/4” threaded nipple and cap.
K. Exterior Wall Penetrations: Seal pipe penetrations through exterior walls using sleeves and
mechanical sleeve seals. Pipe sleeves smaller than 6" shall be steel; pipe sleeves 6" and
larger shall be sheet metal.
L. Fire Barrier Penetrations: Where pipes pass through fire rated walls, partitions, ceilings, or
floors, the fire rated integrity shall be maintained. Refer to Division 7 for special sealers and
materials.
M. Testing: Refer to individual piping system specification sections.
3.10 PIPE JOINTS:
A. Steel Pipe Joints:
1. Pipe 2" and Smaller: Thread pipe with tapered pipe threads in accordance with ANSI
B2.1. Cut threads full and clean using sharp dies. Ream threaded ends to remove
burrs and restore full inside diameter. Apply pipe joint lubricant or sealant suitable for
the service for which the pipe is intended on the male threads at each joint and tighten
joint to leave not more than 3 threads exposed.
B. Pipe Larger Than 2":
1. Weld pipe joints (except for exterior water service pipe) in accordance with ASME
Code for Pressure Piping, B31.
2. Weld pipe joints of exterior water service pipe in accordance with AWWA C206.
3. Install flanges on all valves, apparatus, and equipment. Weld pipe flanges to pipe
ends in accordance with ASME B31.1.0 Code for Pressure Piping. Clean flange faces
and install gaskets. Tighten bolts to torque specified by manufacturer of flange and
flange bolts, to provide uniform compression of gaskets.
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C. Non-ferrous Pipe Joints:
1. Brazed and Soldered Joints: For copper tube and fitting joints, braze joints in
accordance with ANSI B31.1.0 - Standard Code for Pressure Piping, Power Piping
and ANSI B9.1 - Standard Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigeration.
a. Thoroughly clean tube surface and inside surface of the cup of the fittings,
using very fine emery cloth, prior to making soldered or brazed joints.
b. Wipe tube and fittings clean and apply flux. Flux shall not be used as the sole
means for cleaning tube and fitting surfaces.
2. Press Fittings: Copper press fittings shall be made in accordance with the
manufacturer’s installation instructions.
a. Tubing shall be fully inserted into the fitting and the tubing marked at the
shoulder of the fitting. The fitting alignment shall be checked against the mark
on the tubing to assure the tubing is fully inserted into the fitting.
b. The joints shall be pressed using the tool approved by the manufacturer.
3. Mechanical Joints: Flared compression fittings may be used for refrigerant lines 3/4"
and smaller.
D. Joints for other piping materials are specified within the respective piping system sections.
3.11 PIPING CONNECTIONS:
A. Make connections according to the following, unless otherwise indicated:
1. Install unions, in piping 2” and smaller, adjacent to each valve and at final connection
to each piece of equipment.
2. Install flanges, in piping 2-1/2” and larger, adjacent to flanged valves and at final
connection to each piece of equipment.
3. Dry Piping Systems: Install dielectric unions and flanges to connect piping materials
of dissimilar metals.
4. Wet Piping Systems: Install dielectric coupling and nipple fittings to connect piping
materials of dissimilar metals.
3.12 INSTALLATION OF PIPING SPECIALTIES:
A. Pipe Escutcheons: Install pipe escutcheons on each pipe penetration through floors, walls,
partitions, and ceilings where penetration is exposed to view; and on exterior of building.
Secure escutcheon to pipe or insulation so escutcheon covers penetration hole, and is flush
with adjoining surface. Install escutcheons for penetrations of walls, ceilings, and floors
according to the following:
1. Piping with Fitting or Sleeve Protruding from Wall: One-piece, deep-pattern type.
2. Chrome-Plated Piping: One-piece, cast-brass type with polished chrome-plated finish.
3. Insulated Piping: One-piece, stamped-steel type with spring clips.
4. Bare Piping at Wall and Floor Penetrations in Finished Spaces: One-piece, cast-brass
type with polished chrome-plated finish.
5. Bare Piping at Wall and Floor Penetrations in Finished Spaces: One-piece, stamped-
steel type.
6. Bare Piping at Ceiling Penetrations in Finished Spaces: One-piece or split-casting,
cast-brass type with polished chrome-plated finish.
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7. Bare Piping in Unfinished Service Spaces: One-piece, stamped-steel type with hinge
and set screw or spring clips.
8. Bare Piping in Equipment Rooms: One-piece, stamped-steel type with set screw or
spring clips.
9. Bare Piping in Unfinished Service Spaces: One-piece, cast-brass type with rough
brass finish.
10. Bare Piping in Equipment Rooms: One-piece, cast-brass type.
11. Bare Piping at Floor Penetrations in Equipment Rooms: One-piece, floor-plate type.
B. Mechanical Sleeve Seals:
1. The contractor shall determine the required inside diameter of each individual wall
opening before ordering, fabricating, or installing.
2. The inside diameter of each wall opening shall be sized according to the
manufacturer’s recommendations to fit the pipe and assure a water-tight fit.
3. If the pipe is a non-standard size, consult the manufacturer’s representative for
engineering assistance and recommendation.
4. Install in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
a. Loosely assemble rubber links around pipe with bolts and pressure plates
located under each bolt head and nut.
b. Push into sleeve and center.
c. Tighten bolts until links have expanded to form watertight seal.
3.13 INSTALLATION OF PIPE SLEEVES:
A. Sleeves are not required for core-drilled holes.
B. Permanent sleeves are not required for holes formed by removable PE sleeves.
C. Pipe Sleeves: Install pipe sleeves of types indicated where piping passes through walls,
floors, ceilings, and roofs. Do not install sleeves through structural members of work, except
as detailed on drawings, or as reviewed by Architect/Engineer.
1. Install sleeves accurately centered on pipe runs. Size sleeves so that piping and
insulation (if any) will have free movement in sleeve, including allowance for thermal
expansion; but not less than 2 pipe sizes larger than piping run.
2. Where insulation includes vapor barrier jacket, provide sleeve with sufficient clearance
for installation. Install length of sleeve equal to thickness of construction penetrated,
and finish flush to surface; except floor sleeves.
3. Extend floor sleeves 1/4" above level floor finish and 3/4" above floor finish sloped to
drain.
a. Extend sleeves installed in floors of mechanical equipment areas or other wet
areas 2 inches above finished floor level.
b. Extend cast-iron sleeve fittings below floor slab as required to secure
clamping ring if ring is specified.
4. Provide temporary support of sleeves during placement of concrete and other work
around sleeves, and provide temporary closure to prevent concrete and other
materials from entering sleeves.
5. Install 20 gauge galvanized sheetmetal sleeves at interior wallboard, drywall, or
plasterboard partitions and ceilings other than suspended ceilings.
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D. Fire-Barrier Penetrations: Maintain indicated fire rating of walls, partitions, ceilings, and floors
at pipe penetrations. Seal pipe penetrations with firestop materials.
E. Aboveground, Exterior-Wall Pipe Penetrations: Seal penetrations using sleeves and
mechanical sleeve seals. Select sleeve size to allow for 1-inch annular clear space between
pipe and sleeve for installing mechanical sleeve seals.
1. Install steel pipe for sleeves smaller than 6 inches in diameter.
2. Install cast-iron "wall pipes" for sleeves 6 inches and larger in diameter.
3. Mechanical Sleeve Seal Installation: Select type and number of sealing elements
required for pipe material and size. Position pipe in center of sleeve. Assemble
mechanical sleeve seals and install in annular space between pipe and sleeve.
Tighten bolts against pressure plates that cause sealing elements to expand and
make watertight seal.
F. Underground, Exterior-Wall Pipe Penetrations: Install galvanized steel "wall pipes" for
sleeves. Seal pipe penetrations using mechanical sleeve seals. Select sleeve size to allow
for 1-inch annular clear space between pipe and sleeve or as otherwise recommended by the
sleeve seal manufacturer for installing mechanical sleeve seals.
1. Mechanical Sleeve Seal Installation: Select type and number of sealing elements
required for pipe material and size.
2. Position pipe in center of sleeve. Assemble mechanical sleeve seals and install in
annular space between pipe and sleeve.
3. Tighten bolts against pressure plates that cause sealing elements to expand and
make watertight seal.
3.14 APPLICATION OF JOINT SEALERS:
A. General: Comply with joint sealer manufacturers' printed application instructions applicable to
products and applications indicated, except where more stringent requirements apply.
1. Comply with recommendations of ASTM C 962 for use of elastomeric joint sealants.
2. Comply with recommendations of ASTM C 790 for use of acrylic- emulsion joint
sealants.
B. Surface Cleaning for Joint Sealers: Clean surfaces of joints immediately before applying joint
sealers to comply with recommendations of joint sealer manufacturer.
C. Apply joint sealer primer to substrates as recommended by joint sealer manufacturer. Protect
adjacent areas from spillage and migration of primers, using masking tape. Remove tape
immediately after tooling without disturbing joint seal.
D. Tooling: Immediately after sealant application and prior to time shining or curing begins, tool
sealants to form smooth, uniform beads; to eliminate air pockets; and to ensure contract and
adhesion of sealant with sides of joint. Remove excess sealants from surfaces adjacent to
joint. Do not use tooling agents that discolor sealants or adjacent surfaces or are not
approved by sealant manufacturer.
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E. Installation of Fire-Stopping Sealant: Install sealant, including forming, packing, and other
accessory materials, to fill openings around mechanical services penetrating floors and walls,
to provide fire-stops with fire-resistance ratings indicated for floor or wall assembly in which
penetration occurs. Comply with installation requirements established by testing and
inspecting agency.
3.15 PAINTING:
A. Painting of plumbing systems fire-suppression systems, equipment, and components is
specified in Division 09 Sections "Interior Painting" and "Exterior Painting."
B. Damage and Touchup: Repair marred and damaged factory-painted finishes with materials
and procedures to match original factory finish.
C. Provide labor, materials, and equipment necessary for field prime painting. Protect flooring
and equipment with drop cloths and store paint and materials in a location where directed.
Using wire brush, remove oil, dirt, rust and grease before applying paint.
D. Apply a heavy coat of bituminous solution paint on piping in concrete or cinder fill or exposed
above roof and on underground joint clamps.
E. Apply epoxy primer for steel piping, cast iron piping (except underground), and all steel and
iron work.
F. Dip uncoated hangers, supports, rods and inserts in epoxy primer. Epoxy primer shall be
Sherwin Williams MIL-P53022B, or approved equal.
G. Finish painting under Division 09 Sections “Interior Panting” and “Exterior Painting.”.
1. Colors coordinated by Mechanical Contractor as directed by Architect.
H. Painting under this Division:
1. Interior of ductwork as far back as visible from outside: flat black.
2. Uncoated hangers, supports, rods and inserts: dip in zinc chromate primer.
3. Factory prime coat for following except as noted.
a. Pumps.
b. Fans.
c. Motors.
d. Equipment.
e. Air outlets.
f. Converter.
g. Refer to all Division 21, 22 and 23 specification sections.
4. Marred surfaces of prime coated equipment and piping: spot prime coat to match
adjacent coat.
5. Shop prime coat for following, except as noted:
a. Railings.
b. Tanks.
c. Refer to all Division 21, 22 and 23 specification sections.
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I. General:
1. Labor, materials and equipment necessary for field painting.
2. Protect flooring and equipment with drip cloths.
3. Paint and materials stored in location where directed.
4. Rags and waste removed from building every night.
5. Furnish each space containing stored painting materials with approved 2½ gallon fire
extinguisher.
6. Wire brush and clean off all oil, dirt and grease areas to be painted before paint is
applied.
7. Mixing:
a. Mixed and strained as required by manufacturer.
b. Use thinners only in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendation.
c. Follow printed instructions on paint containers. If none are available,
instructions shall be obtained in writing from manufacturer.
8. Workmanship:
a. No painting or finishing shall be done with:
(1) Dust laden air.
(2) Unsuitable weather conditions.
(3) Space temperature below 60˚ F.
b. Pipes being painted: at ambient temperature until paint is dried.
c. Paint spread: uniform and proper film thickness showing no runs, sags,
crawls or other defects.
d. Finished surfaces shall be uniform in sheen, color, and texture.
e. All coats to be thoroughly dry before succeeding coats are applied, minimum
24 hours between coats.
f. Priming undercoat: slightly different color for inspection purposes.
9. Exposed, uninsulated, ungalvanized sheet metal other than stainless steel and
aluminum: Two coats of aluminum paint or alkyd paint color as directed.
10. Exposed, uninsulated, galvanized sheet metal in finished space including mechanical
equipment rooms:
a. One coat galvanized iron primer.
b. Two coats alkyd oil paint, color as directed.
11. Exposed, insulated piping and equipment covering:
a. One coat primer sealer.
b. Two coats alkyd oil paint, color as directed.
12. Paint the following items with two coats alkyd oil paint, color as directed:
a. Exposed steel and metal work not furnished with factory-painted finish.
b. Structural steel supports for piping ductwork and equipment.
c. Exposed, uninsulated piping.
13. Exposed, uninsulated aluminum sheet metal in finished space:
a. One coat zinc chromate primer.
J. Finish painting:
1. Consisting of two finished coats of high gloss medium or long alkyd paint over prime
coat.
2. Submit color shade for approval.
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3. Piping continuously painted in all exposed areas.
K. Interior of ductwork as far back as visible from outside: flat black.
L. Uncoated hangers, supports, rods and inserts: dip in zinc chromate primer.
M. Factory finish:
1. Steel air outlets in acoustical tile ceilings: baked white enamel.
2. Aluminum air outlets: anodized.
3. Exposed fan coil units: baked enamel.
4. Unit heaters: baked enamel.
N. Factory prime coat, except as noted:
1. Pumps.
2. Fans.
3. Motors.
4. Equipment.
5. Registers.
6. Diffusers.
7. Grilles.
O. Marred surfaces of prime coated equipment and piping: spot prime coat to match adjacent
coat.
P. Shop prime coat for following except as noted:
1. Railings.
2. Tanks.
END OF SECTION