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TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS
\ PREPARED BY A&F ENGINEERING CO., LLC
I
GRAMERCY
BUCKINGHAM COMPANIES
KEYSTONE AVENUE
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
FEBRUARY 2006
INTRODUCTION & PURPOSE
A Traffic Impact Analysis was prepared on behalf of the Buckingham Companies for a proposed mixed-
use development titled "Gramercy" that will be located along Keystone Avenue (U.S. 431) between 126th
Street (Mohawk Drive) and Carmel Drive in Carmel, Indiana. The purpose of the analysis was to
determine what effect traffic generated by the proposed development will have on the existing adjacent
roadway system.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT
The proposed development is to be located west of Keystone Avenue between 126th Street (Mohawk
Drive) and Carmel Drive in Carmel, Indiana. The traffic analysis was based on an estimated development
of approximately 700 multi-family dwelling units, approximately 1500 townhouse/condominium dwelling
units, senior housing with approximately 120 dwelling units, approximately 50,000 square feet of office
land use, approximately 80,000 square feet of retail land use and a hotel with approximately 120 rooms.
This information represents a conceptual development plan that could vary due to market conditions.
As proposed, the site will have a right-in/right-out access along Keystone Avenue, four access drives
along 126th Street, an access with Carmel Drive through the extension of AAA Way and four access
drives along Auman Drive East. The attached Figure 1 is an area map showing the proposed site and the
approximate locations of the proposed access drives.
DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING MOHAWK HILLS APARTMENT COMPLEX
The mixed use development as proposed by Buckingham Companies will replace the existing Mohawk
Hills apartment complex and golf course. The existing coIIiplex has approximately 564 dwelling units.
The estimated existing traffic volumes that are associated with the ~xistirig 564 multi-family dwelling
units were subtracted from the generated traffic volumes of the proposed 700 multi-family dwelling units
in order to analyze the true impaot of the proposed mixed use development.
STUDY AREA
_ The study area defined for this analysis included the following intersections:
Keystone Avenue and 126th Street (Mohawk Drive)
Keystone Avenue and Carmel Drive
Keystone Avenue and 116th Street
Keystone Avenue and Proposed Right-In/Right-Out Access
In addition, recommendations have been made for the proposed access drives along 126th Street and
along Auman Drive East.
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TRAFFIC SCENARIOS
The following traffic scenarios were analyzed at the study intersections:
Scenario 1 - Existing Traffic
Scenario 2 - Existing Traffic + Proposed Development Traffic
Scenario 3 - Year 2016 Background Traffic (Horizon Year)
Scenario 4 - Year 2016 Background Traffic + Proposed Development Traffic
DESCRIPTION OF THE EXISTING INTERSECTION GEOMETRICS
The following study intersections are currently controlled by a coordinated traffic signal system. The
existing intersection geometrics are shown on Figure 2 and include the following:
Keystone Avenue and 126'h Street (Mohawk Drive)
Northbound Approach: A left-turn lane, two through lanes and a right-turn lane.
Southbound Approach: A left-turn lane, two through lanes and a right-turn lane.
Eastbound Approach: A left-turn lane and a shared through/right-turn lane.
Westbound Approach: A left-turn lane and a shared through/right-turn lane.
Keystone Avenue and Carmel Drive
Northbound Approach: A left-turn lane, two through lanes and a right-turn lane.
Southbound Approach: A left-turn lane, two through lanes and a right-turn lane.
Eastbound Approach: A left-turn lane, a through lane and a right-turn lane.
Westbound Approach: A left-turn lane and a shared through/right-turn lane.
Keystone Avenue and 116th Street
Northbound Approach: A left-turn lane, two through lanes and a right-turn lane.
Southbound Approach: A left-turn lane, two through lanes and a right-turn lane.
Eastbound Approach: A left-turn lane, two through lanes and a right-turn lane.
Westbound Approach: A left-turn lane, two through lanes and a right-turn lane.
CAPACITY ANALYSIS RESULTS
The "efficiency" of an intersection is based on its ability to accommodate the traffic volumes that
approach the intersection. It is defined by the Level-of-Service (LOS) of the intersection. The LOS is
determined by a series of calculations commonly called a "capacity analysis". Input data into a
capacity analysis include traffic volumes, intersection geometry, number and use of lanes and, in the
case of signalized intersections, traffic signal timing. To determine the LOS at each of the study
intersections, a capacity analysis has been made using the recognized computer pro~am Synchroi
which incorporates capacity calculations based on the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM)II.
An analysis has then been made for the AM peak hour and PM peak hour for cach of the study
intersections considering each of the previously mentioned traffic scenarios. The following tables
summarize the results of the capacity analysis for the study intersections.
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TABLE 1 ~ LEVEL OF SERVICE SUMMARY: KEYSTONE AVENUE AND 1 26TB STREET (MOHAWK DRIVE)
AM PEAK HOUR
MOVEMENT SCENARIO
1 2 3A 3B 4
Northbound Approach C C D B C
Southbound Approach D D F D D
Eastbound Approach E E E D E
Westbound Approach E E F D E
Intersection D D E D D
PM PEAK HOUR
MOVEMENT SCENARIO
1 2 3A 3B 4
Northbound Approach C C C C C
Southbound Approach C C D D D
Eastbound Approach D D E D D
Westbound Approach D D F D D
Intersection D D D D D
DESCRIPTION OF SCENARIOS
Scenario 1:
Scenario 2:
Scenario 3:
Scenario 4:
Existing Traffic Volumes
Sum of Existing Traffic and Proposed Development Traffic
Year 2016 Background Traffic Volumes
Sum of Year 2016 Background Traffic and Proposed Development Traffic
NOTES:
. This intersection was analyzed as a coordinated signal system with the near-by intersections along
Keystone A venue. The existing system cycle lengths as provided by the Indiana Depaltment of
Transportation were used to analyze the existing traffic volumes (Scenario 1). Optimized cycle
lengths were used when analyzing the remaining scenarios.
. Scenarios 1 and 3A were analyzed with the existing intersection geometries.
. Scenario 2 was analyzed with the addition of a continuous eastbound right-turn lane along 126th
Street that starts 100 feet west of the western most proposed access (Access #1) and continues
through the remaining access drives to Keystone Avenue.
. Scenario 3B was analyzed with the following improvements along Keystone Avenue:
1. The conversion of the northbound right-turn lane along Keystone Avenue into a shared
through/right-turn lane.
2. The conversion of the southbound right-turn lane along Keystone A venue into a shared
through/right-turn lane.
. Scenario 4 was analyzed with the improvement along 126th Street as needed for Scenario 2 as well
as the improvements along Keystone Avenue as needed per Scenario 3B.
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TABLE 2 - LEVEL OF SERVICE SUMMARY: KEYSTONE A VENUE AND CARMEL DRIVE
MOVEMENT SCENARIO
1 lA 2 3A 3B 4
Northbound Approach C C C C B B
Southbound Approach F C D E D D
Eastbound Approach D D D E D D
Westbound Approach F E E F D D
Intersection E C D D C D
AM PEAK HOUR
MOVEMENT SCENARIO
1 lA 2 3A 3B 4
Northbound Approach B C C D C C
Southbound Approach E E E E E E
Eastbound Approach D C D E C D
Westbound Approach E E D E E E
Intersection D D D E D D
PM PEAK HOUR
DESCRIPTION Of SCENARIOS
Scenario 1:
Scenario 2:
Scenario 3:
Scenario 4:
Existing Traffic Volumes
Sum of Existing Traffic and Proposed Development Traffic
Year 2016 Background Traffic Volumes
Sum of Year 2016 Background Traffic and Proposed Development Traffic
NOTES:
. This intersection was analyzed as a coordinated signal system with the near-by intersections
along Keystone Avenue. The existing system cycle lengths as provided by the Indiana
Department of Transportation were used to analyze the existing traffic volumes (Scenario 1 and
Scenario lA). Optimized cycle lengths were used when analyzing the remaining scenarios.
. Scenario 1 was analyzed with the existing intersection geometries.
. Scenarios lA, 2 and 3A were analyzed with the addition of a second northbound left-turn lane
along Keystone Avenue.
· Scenarios 3B and 4 were analyzed with the second northbound left-turn lane along Keystone
Avenue as mentioned above as well as the following improvements:
1. The conversion of the northbound right-turn lane along Keystone A venue into a shared
through/right-turn lane.
2. The addition of a third southbound through lane along Keystone Avenue.
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TABLE 3 - LEVEL OF SERVICE SUMMARY: KEYSTONE AVENUE AND 116TH STREET
AM PEAK. HOUR
MOVEMENT SCENARIO
1 2 3A 3B 4
Northbound Approach D D E D D
Southbound Approach B D E C D
""--
Eastbound Approach E D E D D
Westbound Approach E E F D E
Intersection D D E D D
PM PEAK HOUR
MOVEMENT SCENARIO
1 2 3A 3B 4
Northbound Approach D D E D E
Southbound Approach C D D C C
Eastbound Approach D D E D E
Westbound Approach D D D D D
Intersection D D E D D
DESCRIPTION OF SCENARIOS
Scenario 1:
Scenario 2:
Scenario 3:
Scenario 4:
Existing Traffic Volumes
Sum of Existing Traffic and Proposed Development Traffic
Year 2016 Background Traffic Volumes
Sum of Year 2016 Background Traffic and Proposed Development Traffic
NOTES:
. This intersection was analyzed as a coordinated signal system with the near-by intersections
along Keystone Avenue. The existing system cycle lengths as provided by the Indiana
Department of Transportation were used to analyze the existing traffic volumes (Scenario 1).
Optimized cycle lengths were used when analyzing the remaining scenarios.
. Scenarios 1, 2 and 3A were analyzed with the existing intersection geometrics.
. Scenarios 3B and 4 were analyzed with the following improvements:
1. The conversion of the northbound right-turn lane along Keystone Avenue into a shared
through/right-turn lane.
2. The conversion of the southbound right-turn lane along Keystone Avenue into a shared
through/right-turn lane.
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TABLE 4 - LEVEL OF SERVICE SUMMARY: KEYSTONE A VENUE AND PROPOSED RIGHT-IN/RIGHT -OUT
ACCESS
AM PEAK HOUR
SCENARIO 2
E
SCENARIO 4
C
PM PEAK HOUR
SCENARIO 2
C
SCENARIO 4
B
DESCRIPTION OF SCENARIOS
Scenario 2:
Scenario 4:
Sum of Existing Traffic and Proposed Development Traffic
Sum of Year 2016 Background Traffic and Proposed Development Traffic
NOTES:
. This access is proposed as a right-inlright-out access. A median exists along Keystone Avenue
in the vicinity of the access.
. Scenario 2 was analyzed with the addition of a southbound rigflt-turn lane along Keystone
Avenue. Per the Indiana Department of Transportation's Driveway Permit Manualiii, this turn
lane should have 550 feet of deceleration and a 100 foot taper. A 100 foot recovery taper is
also proposed at the access.
. When the existing traffic volumes are projected forward to the year 2016 based on an annual
growth rate, before the generated traffic is added to the roadway network, Keystone A venue
will need to have six travel lanes (three in each direction) in order for the signalized study
intersections to operate at level of service "D" or better during the peak hours. The additional
travel lanes are not due to the proposed development as they are needed before the proposed
development traffic is added to the roadway network in order to accommodate the year 2016
background traffic volumes. Scenario 4 was then analyzed with an additional through lane in
both directions along Keystone Avenue as well the addition of the southbound right-turn lane
recommended for Scenario 2.
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RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the results of the traffic study, the following recommendations are made to ensure that the
roadway system will operate at acceptable levels of service ifthe site is developed as proposed.
1. KEYSTONE AVENUE AND 126THSTREET(MOHAWKDRlVE)
Year 2006 Conditions
A continuous eastbound right-turn lane is recommended along 126lh Street that starts 100 feet west
of the western most proposed access (Access #1) and continues through the remaining access
drives to Keystone Avenue. When the generated traffic volumes from the proposed development
are added to the existing traffic volumes, this intersection will operate at acceptable levels of
service during the peak hours with this improvement. The intersection geometries will then consist
of the following:
Northbound Approach:
Southbound Approach:
Eastbound Approach:
Westbound Approach:
A left-turn lane, two through lanes and a right-turn lane.
A left-turn lane, two through lanes and a right-turn lane.
A left-turn lane, a through lane and a right-turn lane.
A left-turn lane and a shared through/right-turn lane.
Year 2016 Conditions (Horizon Year)
When the existing traffic volumes are projected forward to the year 2016, before the generated
traffic volumes from the proposed development are added, the following improvements are needed
at this intersection in order to achieve level of service "D" or better during the peak hours:
. The conversion of the northbound right-turn lane along Keystone Avenue into a shared
through/right-turn lane.
. The conversion of the southbound right-turn lane along Keystone A venue into a shared
through/right-turn lane.
The improvements listed above are not due to the proposed development.
When the proposed development traffic is added to the year 2016 background traffic, the
continuous eastbound right-turn lane along 126th Street is recommended. The intersection
geometries will then consist of the following:
Northbound Approach:
Southbound Approach:
Eastbound Approach:
Westbound Approach:
A left-turn lane, two through lanes and a shared through/right-
turn lane.
A left-turn lane, two through lanes and a shared through/right-
turn lane.
A left-turn lane, a through lane and a right-turn lane.
A left-turn lane and a shared through/right-turn lane.
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2. KEYSTONE AVENUE AND CARMEL DRIVE
Year 2006 Conditions
The addition of a second northbound left-turn lane is needed along Keystone A venue in o~der to
achieve level of service "D" or better during the peak hours with the existing traffic volumes. The
intersection geomettics will then consist of the following:
Northbound Approach:
Southbound Approach:
Eastbound Approach:
Westbound Approach:
Two left-turn lanes, two through lanes and a right-turn lane.
A left-turn lane, two through lanes and a right-turn lane.
A left-turn lane, a through lane and a right-turn lane.
A left-turn lane and a shared through/right-turn lane.
When the proposed development traffic is added to the existing traffic, the intersection geometries
listed above will accommodate the projected traffic volumes. Therefore, no improvements are
needed at this intersection due to the proposed development.
Year 2016 Conditions (Horizon Year)
When the existing traffic volumes are projected forward to the year 2016, before the generated
traffic volumes from the proposed development are added, the following improvements are needed
at this intersection in order to achieve level of service "0" or better during the peak hours:
. The addition of the second northbound left-turn lane along Keystone Avenue as needed per
the existing traffic volumes.
. The conversion of the northbound right-turn lane along Keystone Avenue into a shared
through/right-turn lane.
. The addition of a third southbound through lane along Keystone Avenue.
The improvements listed above are not due to the proposed development. With the improvements,
the intersection geometries will then consist of the following:
Northbound Approach:
Southbound Approach:
Eastbound Approach:
Westbound Approach:
Two left-turn lanes, two through lanes and a shared through/right-
turn lane.
A left-turn lane, three through lanes and a right-turn lane.
A left-turn lane, a through lane and a right-turn lane.
A left-turn lane and a shared through/right-turn lane.
When the proposed development traffic is added to the year 2016 background traffic, the
intersection geometries listed above will accommodate the projected traffic volumes. Therefore,
no improvements are needed at this intersection due to the proposed development.
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3. KEYSTONE AVENUE AND 1 16TH STREET
Year 2006 Conditions
The existing intersection geometries will adequately accommodate the generated traffic from the
proposed development. Therefore, no improvements are needed at this intersection due to the
proposed development.
Year 2016 Conditions (Horizon Year)
When the existing traffic volumes are projected forward to the year 2016, before the generated
traffic volumes from the proposed development are added, the following improvements are needed
at this intersection in order to achieve level of service "D" or better during the peak hours:
. The conversion of the northbound right-turn lane along Keystone A venue into a shared
through/right-turn lane.
. The conversion of the southbound right-turn lane along Keystone A venue into a shared
through/right-turn lane.
The improvements listed above are not due to the proposed development. With the improvements,
the intersection geometries will then consist of the following:
Northbound Approach:
Southbound Approach:
A left-turn lane, two through lanes and a shared through/right-turn
lane.
A left-turn lane, two through lanes and a shared through/right-turn
lane.
. A left-turn lane, two through lanes and a right-turn lane.
A left-turn lane, two through lanes and a right-turn lane.
Eastbound Approach:
Westbound Approach:
When the proposed development traffic is added to the year 2016 background traffic, the
intersection geometries listed above will accommodate the projected traffic volumes. Therefore,
no improvements are needed at this intersection due to the proposed development.
4. KEYSTONE AVENUE AND PROPOSED RIGHT-IN / RIGHT-OUT ACCESS
Year 2006 Conditions & Year 2016 Conditions (Horizon Year)
This access is proposed to be constructed as a right-inlright-out access. A median exists along
Keystone Avenue in the vicinity of the access. It is recommended to construct a southbound right-
turn lane along Keystone Avenue at the access drive. Per the Indiana Department of
Transportation's Driveway Permit Manual, this turn lane should have 550 feet of deceleration and
a 100 foot taper. A 100 foot recovery taper is also recommended at the access.
The traffic simulation program SimTrafficiv was used to visually model the anticipated traffic flow
operations when the generated traffic from the proposed development is added to the roadway
network. Based on the SimTrafjic simulations and the proposed access location, adequate spacing
will be provided so that vehicles traveling southbound along Keystone A venue will not queue back
from Carmel Drive to the proposed right-inlright-out access.
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5. ACCESS DRIVES ALONG 126TH STREET (MOHAWK DRIVE)
Year 2006 Conditions & Year 2016 Conditions (Horizon Year)
The following conditions are recommended for the proposed access drives along 126th Street:
. Each unsignalized access controlled with the access drive stopping for 126th Street.
. Access #2 and Access #4 (the main access drives) each constructed with two outbound
lanes and one inbound lane. Access #1 and Access #3 each constructed with at least one
outbound lane and one inbound lane.
. The addition of a continuous eastbound right-turn lane along 126th Street that starts 100 feet
west of the western most access (Access #1) and continues through the remaining access
drives to Keystone Avenue.
. The addition of a westbound left-turn lane along 126th Street at each access. Combined
with the existing eastbound left-turn lane at the Keystone A venue intersection, a continuous
left-turn lane would then be created along 126th Street in the vicinity of the site. A
minimum of 100 feet of storage is recommended for the left-turn lane serving Access #2. A
minimum of 50 feet of storage is recommended for each of the left-turn lanes serving
Access #1 and Access #3. There is approximately 460 feet of space for a left-turn lane
between the eastern most access drive (Access #4) and Keystone Avenue. A minimum of
100 feet of storage with a 100 foot taper is recommended for the westbound left-turn lane
serving Access #4. It is then recommended that the existing eastbound left-turn lane at the
Keystone Avenue intersection be extended back so that it has 260 feet of storage.
The traffic simulation program SimTraffic was used to visually model the anticipated traffic flow
operations when the generated traffic from the proposed development is added to the roadway
network. Based on the SimTraffic simulations, adequate spacing will be provided along 126th
Street between the proposed access drives and the intersection of Keystone Avenue and 126th
Street. In addition, the recommended storage lengths for the auxiliary lanes will accommodate the
projected traffic volumes.
6. ACCESS DRIVES ALONG AUMAN DRIVE EAST
Year 2006 Conditions & Year 2016 Conditions (Horizon Year)
The following conditions are recommended for the proposed access drives along Auman Drive
East:
. Each unsignalized access controlled with the access drive stopping for Auman Drive East.
. Each access constructed with at least one outbound lane and one inbound lane.
. These access drives will mainly serve the proposed residential homes that are located towards
the east edge of the site. However, the majority of the traffic to and from the development will
access the site via the drives that are located along the major roadways (i.e. along Keystone
Avenue, 126th Street and Carmel Drive). Based on the peak hour projected traffic volumes
determined in this study, the proposed development will most likely add 20 vehicles or less
during the peak hours in either direction along Auman Drive East. Considering the low
volwne of projected traffic, the proposed development will have very little impact to Awnan
Drive East. Therefore, improvements will not be needed along Auman Drive East due to the
low traffic volumes projected at the drives.
i Synchro 6.0, Trafficware, 2003.
ii Highway Capacity Manual (HCM), Transportation Research Board, National Research COWlcil, Washington, DC, 2000.
iii Driveway Permit Manual, Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT), 1996.
iv SImTraffic 6.0, Trafficware, 2003.
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ALL OISTANCES ARE APPROXIMATE
DEVELOPMENT INFORMATION
LAND USI! ITI! COOl! SIZI!
P1!OPOSlO MUlTI-FAMILY
(GAAIIERtY PlOPOS4l)
EXISTING MULTI-FAMILY
(ElIISllNO MOHAWM HILLS)
AOOfIIONAI. MULTI-FAIIlLY
WITH GAAYERtY P1lOI'OS.Il.
TOWMHOUSl COHOOIIHIUM
SlHIOR HOUSING
orF1CE
RETAIL
HOTEL
220
700 OU
220
-5&4 DU
220
136 DU
230
252
710
820
310
1500 OU
120 OU
50.000 SF
eo.OOO SF
120 IlOOIlS
GRAMMERCY
BUCKINGHAM COMPANIES
CARMEL, INDIANA
FIGURE 1
AREA MAP
@A & F Engineering Co., LLC 2006
"ALL Rights Reserved"
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KEYSTONE AVENUE AND MOHAWK DRIVE KEYSTONE AVENUE AND CARMEL DRIVE
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KEYSTONE A VENUE AND 116TH STREET
GRAMMERCY
BUCKINGHAM COMPANIES
CARMEL, INDIANA
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FIGURE 2
EXISTING INTERSECTION
SCHEMA TICS
@A &: F' Engineering Co., LLC 2006
"ALL Rights Reserved"