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O&M Manual
Stormwater Operations and Maintenance Manual Asherwood South Carmel, IN Prepared for: Gradison Design Build 6330 East 75th Street, Suite 156 Indianapolis, IN 46250 Prepared by: Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc. 500 East 96th Street, Suite 300 Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 Contact: Gavinn Bakker I affirm, under penalties for perjury, that I have taken reasonable care to redact each Social Security number in this document, unless required by law. – Gavinn Bakker Prepared on: February 14, 2024 Revised on: April 12, 2024 Revised on: May 24, 2024 Revised on: October 15, 2024 Water Quality BMPs Water Quality Best Management Practices (BMPs) are vegetative, structural, and other measures that reduce or eliminate pollutants that might otherwise be carried by surface runoff. Potential pollutant sources include litter form patrons and automobile fluids on the pavement including heavy metals, oil, grease, and alcohols. The stormwater for the site drains via shallow and concentrated flow to a proposed storm network and through structural water quality units prior to outletting into a wet detention pond. Wet detention ponds are designed with outlet control structures that slow the release of the stormwater. This allows pollutants and sediment to settle out prior to stormwater leaving the detention area. BMPs for Asherwood South will include: Two (2) Water Quality Structures (#600B and #611B) One (1) Vegetated 8’ Bottom Swale Wet Detention Pond #1 With Three (3) Submersible Aerators See Attachment A for a BMP Location Map for this project. BMP Owner Contact Information and Billing Contact Name: Asherwood Home Owner’s Association Contact: Mark Gradison Address: 6330 East 75th Street, Suite 156, Indianapolis, IN 46250 Business Phone Number: 317-594-7575 Party Responsible The BMP owner agrees to pay all the fees required by the City of Carmel, including annual inspection fees, and/or any additional fees required. Routine inspections are the responsibility of the BMP owner. Maintenance is also the responsibility of the owner. The City of Carmel must be notified of any changes in BMP ownership, major repairs, or BMP failures in writing within 30 days. The letter should be addressed to: Storm Water Program Carmel Engineering Dept. One Civic Square Carmel, IN 46032 In the event that the City of Carmel finds a BMP in need of maintenance or repair, the City of Carmel will notify the BMP owner of the necessary maintenance or repairs and give the BMP Owner a timeframe for completing the maintenance or repairs. If the maintenance or repairs are not completed within the designated timeframe, the City shall perform the repairs or maintenance and bill the BMP Owner the actual cost of the work. Submittal of annual inspection reports to the City of Carmel Engineering are due one year after construction is completed, with subsequent reports due each year within the same month of the initial report, any deficiencies found during the inspections should be addressed, and the BMP owner faces enforcement action from the City if the inspection report is not received within the month it is due, if there are deficiencies which were not included in the report, or if any deficiencies included in the report are not addressed in a timely manner. Material Handling Disposal of waste from maintenance of drainage facilities shall be conducted in accordance with federal, state, and local regulations. Removed sediment must be handled and disposed of in the garbage as solid waste. Water should be disposed of in a sanitary sewer after oils are removed using oil absorbent materials or other mechanical means. Used oil absorbents should be recycled or disposed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Safety Work inside underground structures requires special OSHA-required confined space equipment and procedures. The most practical option to perform maintenance or repairs is to contract with a sewer- cleaning contractor Storm Structure Maintenance and Inspection Storm structures on site are identified within the construction plans set. Storm structures are set at storm sewer pipe connections. Unless you have OSHA approved training and equipment, never enter a manhole. Inspection and maintenance of all storm structures is required per the table below. Storm Structure Maintenance and Inspection Inspection All inlet castings should be inspected every 6 months and after each major rainfall event. More frequent inspections should be performed in areas where there is higher potential for trash or litter and during the fall when leaves are present on the ground. Check the frame and lid for cracks and wear, such as rocking lids or lids moved by traffic. Storm structures and the surrounding areas should be inspected annually for pollutants such as leaks from dumpsters, minor spills, and oil dumping. Take action to have the pollutant source removed. Cleaning Clean structures when there is a blockage of a water flow path or when sediment depth reaches 10% of the pipe diameter. Cleaning should be performed in a way that ensures removed sediment and water is not discharged back into the storm sewer. Materials Handling Disposal of waste from maintenance of drainage facilities shall be conducted in accordance with federal, state, and local regulations. Removed sediment must be disposed in the garbage as solid waste. Water should be disposed of in a sanitary sewer after oils are removed using oil absorbent materials or other mechanical means. Used oil absorbents should be recycled or disposed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Repairs Repair all security and access features so they are fully functional. This includes locking lids, covers, and ladder rungs. Replace broken parts or lids that rock or are moved by traffic. Storm Sewer Maintenance and Inspection Storm sewer pipes convey stormwater. Pipes are built from many materials and are sometimes perforated to allow stormwater to infiltrate into the ground. Storm pipes are cleaned to remove sediment or blockages when problems are identified. Storm pipes must be clear of obstructions and breaks to prevent localized flooding. Storm sewer maintenance and inspection required per the table below. Storm Sewer Maintenance and Inspection Inspection Pipes are difficult to inspect requiring special equipment and training. Usually, if a problem occurs the owner needs to call a sewer or plumbing contractor to inspect, repair or clean pipelines. Cleaning Clean pipes when sediment depth is greater than 10% of the pipe diameter. When cleaning a pipe, minimize sediment and debris discharges from pipes to the storm sewer. Install downstream debris traps (where applicable) before cleaning and then remove material. Generally, use mechanical methods to remove root obstructions from inside storm sewer pipes. Do not put root-dissolving chemicals in storm sewer pipes. If there is a problem, remove the vegetation over the line. Materials Handling Sediment and debris from pipes should be disposed in the garbage as solid waste. Pick out any rocks first. Repairs Repair or replace pipes when a dent or break closes more than 20 percent of the pipe diameter. Repair or replace pipes damaged by deterioration. Turf Vegetative Coverage All non-paved areas that are not landscaped shall be vegetated to prevent erosion and sediment buildup in storm sewer facilities onsite or downstream of the project site. Seed shall be reapplied as required to establish healthy, dense coverage. Detention Maintenance and Inspection Inspection of the proposed wet pond is important for overall operation efficiency of the stormwater management system, stormwater quality, as well as identifying potential problems. The wet detention system should be inspected and maintained as follows: 1. Wet detention slopes and embankments: Inspect for erosion along pond surfaces at least twice a year. Inspect for embankment damage annually. Dry detention slopes and embankments shall be mowed as necessary and shall be clear of plants in excess of 5 inches in height. 2. Wet detention retaining wall: Inspect for deflection or cracks. Inspect for damage annually. 3. Wet detention bottom: Inspect wet detention basin for sediment accumulation and dead or damaged ground cover annually. Remove sediments when storage volume is reduced by 25%. Sediments and waste shall be disposed of in accordance with the City of Carmel and any applicable state, and/or federal requirements. Additional information and a sample inspection checklist are available in Appendix B. Checklists should, at a minimum, address the items identified in this document. List of Attachments Attachment A: BMP Location Map Exhibit Attachment B: Construction Site Inspection and Maintenance Logs Right of Entry This Operation and Maintenance Manual is submitted to the City with the intent to ensure the longevity and adequate functioning of the BMPs owned by Asherwood Home Owner’s Association. By submitting this Operation and Maintenance Manual to the City of Carmel with plans to construct said BMPs, the BMP owner noted above grants personnel from the City of Carmel the right to enter the development to inspect and maintain the BMP. The BMP owner noted above agrees to follow and abide by the inspection schedule and maintenance activities listed in this manual. The BMP owner noted above is responsible for any additional maintenance and/or repair activities to maintain the function and longevity of the BMPs. Owner Acknowledgement Signature Date Printed STATE OF INDIANA ) ) SS: COUNTY OF ____________ ) BEFORE ME THE UNDERSIGNED NOTARY PUBLIC, IN AND FOR THE SAID COUNTY AND STATE, PERSONALLY APPEARED _____________________ AND ACKNOWLEDGED THE EXECUTION OF THE FORGOING INSTRUMENT AS THEIR VOLUNTARY ACT AND DEED. WITNESS MY HAND AND NOTARY SEAL THIS _____ DAY OF ____________________, 2021. SIGNATURE: _____________________ PRINTED NAME: ___________________ MY COMMISSION EXPIRES: ______________ COUNTY OF RESIDENCE: _______________ Owner Acknowledgement Agreement (“Agreement”) For good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the undersigned owner (“Owner”) hereby submits this Operation and Maintenance Manual (“Manual”) to the City of Carme, Indiana (“City”) as a written acknowledgement of Owner’s warranty and agreement to institute, maintain, and follow the water quality Best Management Practices (“BMPs”) listed below, and to follow and abide by the inspection schedule and maintenance activities listed in this Manual. The Owner also hereby agrees to provide, at Owner’s cost, all additional maintenance, repair, and/or replacement services reasonably necessary to maintain the function and longevity of the BMPs from and including the date this Agreement is executed by Owner to and including the date on which a new Agreement is filed with the City by another party who assumes all the obligations and responsibilities of Owner as set forth herein. BMPs: __Wet Detention Pond #1 _____________________________ __Water Quality Structures (#600B and #611B)____________ __Three Submersible Aerators_________________________ __Vegetated Swale_________________________ Owner Acknowledgement Signature Date Printed STATE OF INDIANA ) ) SS: COUNTY OF ____________ ) BEFORE ME THE UNDERSIGNED NOTARY PUBLIC, IN AND FOR THE SAID COUNTY AND STATE, PERSONALLY APPEARED _____________________ AND ACKNOWLEDGED THE EXECUTION OF THE FORGOING INSTRUMENT AS THEIR VOLUNTARY ACT AND DEED. WITNESS MY HAND AND NOTARY SEAL THIS _____ DAY OF ____________________, 2021. SIGNATURE: _____________________ PRINTED NAME: ___________________ MY COMMISSION EXPIRES: ______________ COUNTY OF RESIDENCE: _______________ Attachment A: BMP Location Map EX. LAKE #1 47 42 43 45 44 46 © AS H E R W O O D SO U T H BM P S I T E M A P Attachment B: Inspection and Maintenance Checklist © AS H E R W O O D SO U T H C803 CO N S T R U C T I O N DE T A I L S WQ STR. 611B DETAIL N.T.S.WQ STR. 600B DETAIL N.T.S. © AS H E R W O O D SO U T H C334 ER O S I O N CO N T R O L S P E C S AN D D E T A I L S Ô Ô Ô NATIVE PLANTS SPECIFICATIONS DO NOT MOW OR SPRAY "DO NOT MOW OR SPRAY" SIGN DETAIL VEGETATED SWALE N.T.S. PondSeries™ Aeration Systems PS10, PS20, PS30, PS40 & PS80 You have purchased the most efficient and cost-effective aeration system available on the market today! THANK YOU FOR CHOOSING The Airmax® Aeration SystemPondSeries™ Aeration Systems PS10, PS20, PS30, PS40 & PS80 MAX DEPTH 21’ OWNER’S MANUAL FOR: Watch & Learn | How-To Install Video airmaxeco.com/AirmaxAerationInstallation SECTION ENGLISH PAGE 1 System Components 3 2 System Installation 4-7 3 Initial Start-Up & Seasonal Operation 7 4 Maintenance 8 5 Troubleshooting 8 6 Replacement Parts / Accessories 9 7 Warranty 19 See Other Languages Online Important Safety Instructions Check with a qualified electrician or serviceman when the grounding instructions are not completely understood, or when in doubt as to whether the product is properly grounded. Do not modify the plug provided; if it does not fit the outlet, have the proper outlet installed by a qualified technician. For 120 VAC products: This product is for use on a nominal 120V circuit, and has a grounding plug similar to the plug illustrated in sketch A in Figure below. A temporary adapter similar to the adapter illustrated in sketches B and C may be used to connect this plug to a 2-pole receptacle as shown in sketch B when a properly grounded outlet is not available. The temporary adapter shall be used only until a properly grounded outlet (sketch A) is installed by a qualified electrician. The green colored rigid ear, lug, or similar part extending from the adapter must be connected to a permanent ground such as a properly grounded outlet box cover. Whenever the adapter is used, it must be held in place by a metal screw. For 230 VAC products: This product is for use on a circuit having a nominal rating more than 120 V and is factory-equipped with a specific electric cord and plug for connection to a proper electric circuit. Only connect the product to an outlet having the same configuration as the plug. Do not use an adapter with this product. When the product must be reconnected for use on a different type of electric circuit, the reconnection shall be made by qualified service personnel. • Read all operating instructions carefully. • To reduce the risk of electric shock, connect only to a properly grounded, grounding-type receptacle. If in doubt, have the outlet checked by a qualified electrician. • This unit is to be used in a circuit protected by a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI). • Disconnect unit from power source before handling or maintenance. • Repair or exchange of cable/power cord must be carried through by the supplier/manufacturer. • This unit has not been investigated for use in swimming pool areas. CAUTION • Never connect to an extension cord. This may result in equipment failure. • Do not allow anything to rest on the power cord. • Do not place the cabinet where people may step on the power cord. • Never override or “cheat” electrical or mechanical interlock devices. • Never attempt any maintenance function that is not specified in the user manual. • Never operate the system if unusual noises or odors are detected. Disconnect the power cord from the outlet and call for service. GROUNDING INSTRUCTIONS – This product must be grounded. In the event of an electrical short circuit, grounding reduces the risk of electric shock by providing an escape wire for the electric current. This product is equipped with a cord having a grounding wire with an appropriate grounding plug. The plug must be plugged into an outlet that is properly installed and grounded in accordance with all local codes and ordinances. WARNING – Improper installation of the grounding plug is able to result in a risk of electric shock. When repair or replacement of the cord or plug is required, do not connect the grounding wire to either flat blade terminal. The wire with insulation having an outer surface that is green with or without yellow stripes is the grounding wire. Consignes de Sécurité Importantes FRANÇAIS Consultez un électricien ou un réparateur qualifié lorsque les instructions de mise à la terre ne sont pas complètement comprises ou en cas de doute quant à savoir si le produit est correctement mis à la terre. Ne pas modifier la fiche fournie; si elle ne correspond pas à la prise, faites installer une prise adéquate par un technicien qualifié. Pour 120 produits VAC: Ce produit est destiné à être utilisé sur un circuit nominal de 120V, et a une fiche de mise à la terre semblable à la fiche illustrée par le croquis A dans la figure ci-dessous. Un adaptateur temporaire semblable à l’adaptateur illustré dans les esquisses B et C peut être utilisé pour brancher cette fiche à une prise à 2 pôles comme indiqué dans le croquis B si une prise de terre ne est pas disponible. L’adaptateur temporaire doit être utilisé que jusqu’au une prise de terre (schéma A) est installé par un électricien qualifié. Le vert coloré oreille rigide, cosse, ou une partie similaire se étendant de l’adaptateur doit être connecté à une terre permanente comme un couvercle de la boîte de prise de terre. Chaque fois que l’adaptateur est utilisé, il doit être maintenu en place par une vis en métal. Pour 230 produits VAC: Ce produit est pour une utilisation sur un circuit ayant une puissance nominale supérieure à 120 V et est équipé en usine avec un cordon électrique spécifique et branchez pour la connexion à un circuit électrique approprié. Seulement connecter le produit à une prise ayant la même configuration que la fiche. Ne pas utiliser un adaptateur avec ce produit. Lorsque le produit doit être reconnecté pour une utilisation sur un type de circuit électrique différente, la reconnexion doit être faite par du personnel qualifié. • Lisez toutes les instructions attentivement. • Pour réduire le risque de choc électrique, connectez uniquement à une mise à la terre, de terre réceptacle. En cas de doute, faites vérifier la prise par un électricien qualifié. • Cet appareil doit être utilisé dans un circuit protégé par un disjoncteur de fuite de terre (GFCI). • Débrancher l’appareil de la source d’alimentation avant de la manipulation ou de maintenance. • Réparation ou l’échange de câble / cordon d’alimentation doivent être menées à bien par le fournisseur / fabricant. • Cet appareil n’a pas été étudiée pour une utilisation dans des zones de baignade de la piscine. ATTENTION • Ne jamais se connecter à une rallonge. Cela peut entraîner une défaillance de l’équipement. • Ne laissez rien reposer sur le cordon d’alimentation. • Ne pas placer l’armoire où les gens peuvent marcher sur le cordon d’alimentation. • Ne jamais déjouer ou «contourner» les dispositifs de verrouillage électriques ou mécaniques. • Ne tentez aucune opération de maintenance qui ne est pas spécifié dans le manuel utilisateur. • Ne faites jamais fonctionner le système si des bruits ou des odeurs inhabituelles sont détectées. Débranchez le cordon d’alimentation de la prise et appelez le service. INSTRUCTIONS DE MISE – Ce produit doit être mis à la terre. Dans le cas d’un court-circuit électrique, la terre réduit le risque de choc électrique en fournissant un fil de fuite pour le courant électrique. Ce produit est équipé d’un cordon muni d’un fil de terre avec une fiche de terre. La fiche doit être branchée dans une prise correctement installée et mise en conformité avec tous les codes et règlements locaux. AVERTISSEMENT – Une installation incorrecte de la prise de terre est en mesure d’entraîner un risque de choc électrique. Lorsque la réparation ou le remplacement du cordon ou de la prise, ne pas connecter le fil de terre à aucune borne à lame plate. Le fil d’un isolant ayant une surface extérieure verte avec ou sans rayures jaunes, est le fil de mise à la terre.2 1 • Self-Weighted Airline: 3/8” 100’ Roll (#510118), 5/8” 100’ Roll (#510119): Lead-free weighted airline is made of durable PVC composite. Fish hook resistant and kink-free. Use from pond’s edge to diffuser. • Direct Burial Airline: 5/8” 100’ Roll (#510120) Flexible, yet kink-free. Bury from cabinet and compressor to pond’s edge when placing the cabinet and compressor away from the pond. 1. System Components EasySet™ AIRLINE 1. Enhanced Cooling System tunnels air flow evenly through the cabinet with a high flow cooling fan 2. Composite cabinet with removable top protects components while providing easy access 3. Elevated base protects against damaging flood water 4. Pre-wired electrical box simplifies electrical connections for easy setup 5. Dual Air Filters – High density cabinet intake pre-filter and compressor air filter maximize the life of the system 6. Cabinet Lock Kit protects your investment from unwanted guests Cabinet Size: 23”L x 17”W x 15”H Cabinet Size: 27”L x 24”W x 18.75”H (PS80 Only) Airmax® Composite Cabinet * Depending on the type of installation, additional connector kits may be required. See section 6 for connector kits. SilentAir™ RP Series Rocking Piston Compressor SmartStart™ Technology: Protects compressor during pressurized restarts following power supply interruptions. 1. High efficiency, continuous-duty rocking piston compressor 2. Air Filter maximizes the life of the compressor 3. Rubber compressor mounts reduce noise and vibration for silent operation 4. Airflow manifold simplifies airflow management to individual diffusers 5. Heat-resistant 3 ⁄8” flex-tube protects against high temperatures of the compressor and braided hose sleeve protects against wear 6. Pressure gauge helps monitor system performance 7. Pressure relief valve safeguards from back pressure 8. Airline quick disconnects for easy system removal and storage Note: These systems are designed for ponds up to 21’ deep. Operating in depths greater than 21’ will require a Deep Water Kit. See section 6 for kits. ProAir™ 4 Weighted Diffuser 1. PTFE non-stick 6” membrane diffuser sticks provides the synergy of air stones while being virtually maintenance-free 2. Check valve prevents back pressure to compressor 3. Weighted design keeps diffuser submerged while maintaining an upright position during installation 2 1 3 Diffuser Size: 19”L x 19”W x 5”H 2 4 5 6 8 7 ENGLISH 3 SilentAir™ with SmartStart™ Technology 1 2 4 Cabinet Lock Kit6 5 3 3 2. System Installation ENGLISH HP Running Amps Volts Max CFM Power Cord Max Pond Size Max Depth*# Diffusers PS10 1/4 1.6 or 0.8 115V or 230V 2.3 6'1 Acre 50'1 PS20 1/2 4.1 or 2.1 115V or 230V 4.7 6'2 Acres 50'2 PS30 1/2 4.1 or 2.1 115V or 230V 4.7 6'3 Acres 50'3 PS40 3/4 5.3 or 2.7 115V or 230V 5.8 6'4 Acres 50'4 PS80 3/4 (x2)10.6 or 5.3 115V or 230V 11.6 6'8 Acres 50'8 Tools Required: • Placement Rope • Utility razor knife • Level • Boat/Raft/Swimsuit • Small stone or gravel • Shovel • Rake • Flathead screwdriver • Permanent Marker • Coast Guard-approved life jacket Tech Specs: 1. Place the cabinet on the ground in the selected location and mark an area 6” wider than the base of the cabinet on all sides. *Ponds greater than 21’ will require a Deep Water Kit 2. Move the cabinet and remove the sod from the area, filling in with small stone or gravel. This allows for a firm base for the cabinet and for drainage. Open the aeration cabinet by unscrewing the 4 lobed thumb screws. Gently lift the cabinet lid and lay on its side next to the base. 3. Place the cabinet onto the stone base and use your level to make sure the cabinet is sitting secure and level. STEP TWO: Prepare the Ground Surface and Place the Cabinet See Video Instructions of the Airmax® Aeration System installation online at airmaxeco.com/PondSeriesAeration Option A Pond’s Edge Option B Away from Pond’s Edge If a power source is available near the pond’s shore, locate the cabinet at the pond’s edge for quicker installation. • Locate cabinet on a solid surface with adequate strength for the weight of the unit. • Locate cabinet away from irrigation sprinklers. • Cabinet must always remain above the high water mark. Ý Attention: For airline that runs longer than 100’, connector kits are required (sold separately). See Page 9. If a power source is not available near the pond’s shore or you would prefer to install the cabinet in another location, install Direct Burial Airline(s) (sold separately) from the cabinet’s location to the pond’s edge. Use a single airline from cabinet to shoreline with valves at pond’s edge. STEP ONE: Select a Location for the Aeration Cabinet Learn about installing an optional Remote Manifold Kit online at airmaxeco.com/RemoteManifold Option B with Remote Manifold 4 2. System Installation - Continued ENGLISH 2. Place airline into the trench from the aeration cabinet to the pond’s edge. Option A: Use EasySet™ weighted airline. There must be a separate run of airline for each diffuser that will be installed. Leave remaining airline coiled at the pond’s edge. Option B: Use Direct Burial airline. There must be a separate run of airline for each diffuser that will be installed. Join multiple sections of direct burial airline using 5/8” connector kits. First, slide two hose clamps onto one section of airline. Next insert the 5/8” insert adaptor half way into one section of airline and then insert into next the section of airline. Using a flathead screw driver, secure one of the hose clamps onto each half of the insert adaptor (see image on the left). Option B with Remote Manifold: Use 1” Direct Burial Airline or PVC Pipe. Only 1 run of airline is required from the cabinet location to the pond’s edge. See Remote Manifold Kit Manual or watch the installation video at airmaxeco.com/RemoteManifold for more information. Attention: For ponds deeper than 21’ deep, a Deep Water Kit (Sold Separately) must be installed before continuing with installation. Option A & B: (this step is not required if a Deep Water Kit is installed) Slide a hose clamp onto the airline and insert a 3/4” MPT to 3/8 (or 5/8”) Insert Reducer to into the airline, securing with a hose clamp. Next, hand tighten to one of the quick disconnect flex tubes coming from the compressor manifold. Repeat for each diffuser line. Option B with Remote Manifold: Refer to the Remote Manifold Kit Manual or watch the installation video at airmaxeco.com/RemoteManifold for more information. Backfill the airline trench in a few areas to temporarily keep the airline in place until installation is complete. STEP THREE: Excavate Trench and Place Airline(s) STEP FOUR: Connect Airline(s) to the Compressor Manifold STEP FIVE: Partially Backfill Airline Trench 1. Using your shovel, dig a trench from the cabinet to the pond’s edge. This trench should be a minimum depth of 8” to protect the airline. We recommend having utility lines marked before you begin digging. 5 2. System Installation - Continued ENGLISH Installing Diffusers from a Boat/Raft: Have one person on shore guiding the airline as a second person uses a boat or raft, extend the airline out to the area of the pond that the diffuser will be located. Gently release the diffuser into the water. Repeat until all diffusers are in position. Installing Diffusers from Shore: For smaller ponds you may choose to install the diffusers from shore. Have one person guide the airline while another walks around the pond with the diffuser. Then thread nylon rope through the diffuser manifold. Use the nylon rope and airline to gently guide the diffuser into place. Once set, release one side of the nylon rope and pull to shore. Repeat until all diffusers are in position. STEP NINE: Install the ProAir™ Diffusers PS10 Systems: Plug the compressor and cooling fan into the power control outlet inside of the cabinet. Plug the power control outlet into a GFCI power outlet. PS20, PS30, PS40, PS80 Systems: Plug the compressor into the power control outlet inside of the cabinet. Ensure the power switch is in the “ON” position. Plug the power control outlet into a GFCI power outlet. See the ProAir™ Diffuser Manual for assembling and connecting the diffusers. STEP SEVEN: Connect ProAir™ Diffusers STEP EIGHT: Start the Aeration System Unroll the EasySet™ weighted airline and remove any kinks or twists. Join enough sections of weighted airline, using 3/8” or 5/8” connector kits, so that the airline can rest on the bottom of the pond, from the pond’s edge out to the planned location for each diffuser. For option B installations, connect the weighted airline to the direct burial airline or Remote Manifold Kit at the pond’s edge. Note: Diffusers should be placed equally apart or in areas of low water movement for optimum performance. If you need help choosing the correct location for your diffusers, please contact Airmax® or your local dealer. STEP SIX: Connect Weighted Airline for Diffusers 6 The circulation of poor quality, low oxygen, deep water to the pond’s surface can in- troduce harmful gases and by-products into the previously healthy upper regions of the water column. These by-products can make the upper regions unfit for aquatic life and could result in fish-kill. Initial Start-Up Procedure To Prevent Fish-Kill: Follow this procedure anytime system has been shut-off for an extended period of time. Day 1: Run system for 30 minutes; turn system off for remainder of day. Day 2: Run system for 1 hour; turn system off for remainder of day. Day 3: Run system for 2 hours; turn system off for remainder of day. Day 4: Run system for 4 hours; turn system off for remainder of day. Day 5: Run system for 8 hours; turn system off for remainder of day. Day 6: Run system for 16 hours; turn system off for remainder of day. Day 7: Begin running system 24 hours/day, 7 days/week. Summer Operation To reduce the risk of fish kills in hot summer months and for optimum aeration benefits, Airmax® Aeration Systems should run continuously throughout the summer. To enhance pond health, reduce mucky bottoms and enhance pond’s aesthetic appeal, try Pond Logic® products: Ma MuckAway™ Pc PondClear™ Eb EcoBoost™ Tw Bk Nb Ab Pond Dye 3. Initial Start-Up & Seasonal Operation Winter Operation Owner assumes all responsibility for operating Airmax® Aeration System during winter months. Operating in freezing conditions on an ice-covered pond will cause large open water areas at diffuser sites. Ice thickness around open areas will be much thinner than the surrounding areas. Airmax® strongly recommends that “Danger - Thin Ice” be posted at frequent intervals around pond. If you choose to turn your system off for the winter, do the following: • Unplug your aeration system. • Disconnect compressor flex-tube(s) from airline(s). • Cover airline ends with the included winterization caps to prevent debris from entering airline. • Move cabinet and compressor inside to keep dry. • If operating during the winter season, condensation could cause airlines to freeze. If so: • Use 1 cup isopropyl alcohol in the airline running out to each plate. • Turn on compressor to push through line and free any ice blockage. 2. System Installation - Continued ENGLISH Bubbles should be noticeable on the pond’s surface from the diffuser locations. When more than one diffuser is installed, adjust the airflow valves on the compressor manifold (For Option B with Remote Manifold, do this step at the remote manifold). Once an adjustment is made you may need to wait several minutes to see the results at the diffuser location(s). Note: Deeper placement of diffusers and longer runs of airline will require more flow. Using a permanent marker, mark the current pressure gauge reading. During regular maintenance if the reading is above or below this mark, it may indicate that the system requires maintenance. STEP TEN: Adjust Airflow STEP ELEVEN: Mark Pressure Gauge STEP TWELVE: Secure Cabinet & Prepare for Start-Up Secure the aeration cabinet lid with the 4 lobed screws. You can also secure the cabinet to prevent unwanted guests with the included Cabinet Lock Kit. Simply replace 2 lobed screws with 2 hex screws and use the hex tool to secure into place. Complete backfill on airline trenches and level with a rake. Complete installation by reviewing and following the Initial Start-Up Procedure in Section 3. 7 Airmax® Aeration Systems are designed for low-maintenance and require minimal scheduled maintenance. Cabinet inlets and outlets should be kept free of debris and weed growth allowing normal ventilation. • Always unplug system before performing any maintenance or troubleshooting. • Always unplug system and refer servicing to a qualified electrician when: cord is damaged or frayed, compressor, power control, compressor fan, or other electrical components are producing unusual noises or odors. • Always use parts that are supplied or approved by Airmax®, Inc. Use of other parts may result in poor performance and could create a hazardous situation. **Local environmental conditions may require more frequent maintenance. WARNING: Compressors are equipped with a thermal overload switch. If temperature becomes high enough to trip the overload, the compressor will shut down. It will then automatically start up when temperature decreases as long as power is applied. 4. Maintenance** EVERY 3-6 MONTHS – Air Filter: Clean/replace air filter. Cooling Fan: Check to ensure cooling fan is operating. Hot air should be pulled from the cabinet, not blowing in. Pressure Gauge: Mark pressure gauge upon initial start up. Check to verify pressure has not significantly risen above or dropped below initial reading. Normal operation will range between 5-10psi. Pressure Relief Valve: Check to ensure air is not escaping from valve and replace if needed. EVERY 12-18 MONTHS – Maintenance Kit: It is recommended to install a maintenance kit every 12-18 months to ensure optimum performance. EVERY 24-36 MONTHS – Membrane Sticks: We recommend inspecting and/or cleaning the membrane diffuser sticks every 24-36 months, or anytime the pressure gauge reading is significantly higher than normal or there is a reduction in bubbles from the diffuser. To clean, use Airmax® Fountain & Aeration Cleaner (#530298) and a soft cloth. 5. Troubleshooting IF COMPRESSOR IS NOT OPERATING: ISSUE CHECK LIKELY CAUSE CORRECTION Cabinet fan is not running. Option 1: Check for power.Compressor and fan are not receiving power. Open cabinet and ensure the compressor and fan are plugged into the power outlet. For PS20-PS80 systems, also ensure the power switch is on. Option 2: GFCI circuit tripped.Damage to electrical cord or low voltage from power supply.Contact Airmax® or local dealer for electrical troubleshooting assistance. Option 3: GFCI circuit not tripped.GFCI malfunction. Cabinet fan is running. Option 1: Check compressor for power.Compressor is not receiving power.Open cabinet and ensure the compressor is plugged into the power outlet. Option 2: Check compressor capacitor wiring for frays or poor connections. Wiring loosened or was damaged during shipment or maintenance. Contact Airmax® or local dealer for repair/replacement.Option 3: No capacitor wiring issues can be seen.Bad capacitor. Option 4: Capacitor has been replaced.Compressor is bad. IF COMPRESSOR IS OPERATING: ISSUE CHECK LIKELY CAUSE CORRECTION No bubbles at any diffusers. Option 1: No air leaks are audible in cabinet. Compressor running louder and possible excessive vibration. Compressor air filter is dirty/clogged.Clean or replace air filter. NEVER re-install wet filter. Option 2: Compressor operating normally or making unusual noises. Exhibits reduced pressure and/or air flow. Compressor needs maintenance kit and possibly new air filter. Contact Airmax® or local dealer with specifications for maintenance kit. Clean or replace air filter. NEVER re-install wet filter. No bubbles at some diffuser plates. Option 1: Check for leaks at all connections in line and in cabinet. If none are audible, carefully spray SMALL amount of soapy water onto connections and look for bubbles. Vibration loosened connection or cracked fitting.Tighten loose connection or replace cracked fitting as necessary. Option 2: Are all flow control valves in compressor wide open?Improper “balancing” of diffusers. Adjust air flow valves on manifold in cabinet until all diffusers operate properly. See Section 2. System Installation for more information. Option 3: Valves in cabinet are properly “balanced” and no leaks are evident. Compressor beginning to lose compression and needs maintenance kit. Contact Airmax® or local dealer with compressor specifications for maintenance kit. Large rolling bubbles instead of fine bubbles at surface above one or more diffuser plates. Inspect each diffuser plate for malfunction.Diffuser membrane damaged, diffuser plate fitting broken or diffuser plate is flipped over.Contact Airmax® or local dealer for repair/replacement. Air coming out of pressure relief valve. Option 1: High pressure reading on gauge. Inspect diffuser plates and tubing for clogging.Diffuser maintenance needed.Remove any overgrowth around diffuser membrane surface. See Section 4. Maintenance for more information. Option 2: Low pressure reading on gauge. Diffuser plates not clogged.Bad pressure relief valve.Contact Airmax® or local dealer for repair/replacement. Compressor stops working for periods of time, then restarts.Inspect cooling fan for proper function.Compressor over-heating due to bad cooling fan. Contact Airmax® or local dealer for fan replacement. If possible, leave top of cabinet open for cooling. Otherwise, unplug system until fan is replaced. Compressor shakes erratically and is making loud noises. Option 1: Check for low voltage while compressor is running. Gauge of supply wires to circuit possibly undersized or cabinet is plugged into extension cord. If gauge of circuit wiring is incorrect, have electrician replace. NEVER use extension cord to operate system for continual use. Option 2: Check for clogged air filter.Air filter in need of replacement.Clean or replace air filter. NEVER re-install wet filter. ENGLISH Watch the Maintenance Kit How-To Video at airmaxeco.com/PondSeriesAeration 8 1. RP Series SilentAir™ High Efficiency Compressor #510503 – RP25 (87R) 1/4 HP Single Piston Compressor, 115V #510504 – RP25 (87R) 1/4 HP Single Piston Compressor, 230V #510501 – RP50 (87R) 1/2 HP Dual Piston Compressor, 115V #510505 – RP50 (87R) 1/2 HP Dual Piston Compressor, 230V #510502 – RP75 (72R) 3/4 HP Dual Piston Compressor, 115V #510506 – RP75 (72R) 3/4 HP Dual Piston Compressor, 230V #510510 – RP25 (87R) 1/4 HP Maintenance Kit #510511 – RP50 (87R) 1/2 HP Maintenance Kit #510512 – RP75 (72R) 3/4 HP Maintenance Kit Cabinet & Compressor Replacement Parts 2. #490239 – Pressure Relief Valve 3. #490272 – Pressure Gauge 4. Airflow Manifold Assembly #600186 – PS10 #600242 – PS20 #600243 – PS30 #600241 – PS40 #600246 – PS80 5. Cooling Fan #510345 – Cooling Fan for 115V Systems #510344 – Cooling Fan for 230V Systems 6. #510395 – Air Intake Pre-Filter #510417 – Air Intake Pre-Filter (PS80 Only) 7. #490194 – 3⁄8” Flex-Tube 8. Air Filter #510150 – Air Filter, Complete #510151 – Air Filter Media Only #510118 – 3⁄8” Weighted Airline, 100’ Roll #510119 – 5⁄8” Weighted Airline, 100’ Roll #510120 – 5⁄8” Direct Burial Airline, 100’ Roll EasySet™ Airline THANK YOU FOR CHOOSING ProAir™ 4 Replacement Parts 9. #490332 – Diffuser Manifold 10. #490337 – Diffuser Sled 11. #510168 – PTFE 6” Membrane Stick 12. #490340 – Check Valve *#490158 – 1” Marine Stainless Hose Clamp *#490118 – ½” to ¾” Insert Reducer Adapter *#490118 – 3⁄8” to ¾” Insert Reducer Adapter *Not shown in Diagram ENGLISH Connector Kits 3/8” Connector Kit #490204 3/8” to 5/8” Connector Kit #490205 5/8” Connector Kit #490206 9 10 11 12 13 Optional Remote Manifold Kits Optional Deep Water Kit Security Kits 13. #600192 – Airmax® PS20 2-Port Remote Manifold Kit #600190 – Airmax® PS30 3-Port Remote Manifold Kit #600194 – Airmax® PS40 4-Port Remote Manifold Kit 5 8 3 1 6 2 4 7 Optional Optional Remote Manifold Kit (Airmax® 4-Port Manifold Kit Shown) 13 6. Replacement Parts / Accessories For use on PondSeries™ Systems when water is greater than 21' deep. #510435 – PS10 #510436 – PS20 #510437 – PS30 #510438 – PS40 #510439 – PS80 #510430 – Security Stake Kit (Optional) #510424 – Cabinet Lock Kit Security Stake KitCabinet Lock Kit www.airmaxeco.comCleaning Water Naturally™ 9 NOTES Visit airmaxeco.com or call your local Airmax® Dealer with questions or to order parts. 17 Airmax®, Inc. Airmax® Aeration SystemsLimited Warranty Airmax®, Inc. warrants to the original purchaser (the end user) of any Airmax® Aeration System manufactured by Airmax®, Inc. that any aeration system component which proves to be defective in materials or workmanship, as determined by the factory within the timeframe specified below from the shipping date, will be repaired or re- placed at no charge with a new or remanufactured part, and returned freight prepaid. The end user shall assume all the responsibility and expense for removal, packaging, and freight to ship to Airmax®, Inc. to determine the warranty claim and for all reinstallation expenses. • Cabinet – Lifetime • Compressor – 2 Years • Airline & Diffusers – 5 Years The warranty is void in cases where damage results from: improper installation, improper electrical connection, improper voltage, alteration, lightning, careless handling, misuse, abuse, disassembly of motor or failure to follow maintenance or operating instructions. Modification or repair by an unauthorized repair facility will void the war- ranty. Compressor seals, piston cups, cylinder sleeves, valves, air filters and diffuser membranes are considered wear parts and are not covered under warranty. In no case will Airmax®, Inc. or its dealers accept responsibility for any costs incurred by the user during installation, removal, inspection, evaluation, repair, parts replacement, or for return freight. Nor will any liability be accepted for loss of use, loss of profits, loss of goodwill, for consequential damage, or for personal injuries to the purchaser or any person. In the event of problems believed to be covered under warranty, it will be necessary to notify the dealer who will try to help resolve the problem and who may contact the factory for additional assistance. If it is concluded that there may be a defect which may be covered under warranty, it will be necessary to get a Return Material Autho- rization (RMA) from the dealer before shipment. Freight collect shipments will not be accepted by the factory on warranties or repairs. The product or part(s) must be returned freight prepaid, to the factory, as directed, and in its original packaging or in a container which will prevent damage. Parts returned under warranty and damaged during shipping will not be covered under warranty for the shipping damage. If the factory evaluation of the returned goods concludes that the failure is due to defects in materials or workmanship, the part or parts in question will be replaced under war- ranty with new parts, remanufactured parts, or will be repaired; at the factory’s option. The warranty period for all parts supplied under warranty will terminate at the end of the original product’s warranty. All warranty shipments from the factory will be shipped freight prepaid. Warranty registration is HIGHLY recommended. No implied warranties of any kind are made by Airmax®, Inc. for its products, and no other warranties, whether expressed or implied, including implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, shall ap- ply. Should an Airmax®, Inc. product prove to be defective in materials or workmanship, the retail purchaser’s sole remedy shall be repair or replacement of the product as expressly provided above. The manufacturer’s warranty will begin from the dealer’s original purchase date if the product is not registered. To register a product you are required to fill out the warranty form at airmaxeco.com/warranty. Warranty registration must be submitted directly to Airmax® within 30 days of the end-users purchase date. When making warranty claims end-users may be required to supply their proof of purchase. 19 044_13 Airmax® Inc. Safe, Simple Solutions™ P.O. Box 38 Romeo, MI 48065 (866) 4-AIRMAX airmaxeco.com StormSettler™ Manufacturer’s Inspection and Maintenance Manual The StormSettler treatment device, manufactured by StormTrap®, is a hydrodynamic separating device designed to capture and store pollutants from stormwater. StormSettler’s maintenance frequency is site-dependent and routine inspections are recommended to ensure that the system is functioning as designed. Please contact your authorized StormTrap representative if you have questions regarding the inspection and maintenance of the StormSettler system. Inspection Scheduling StormSettler inspections are important to assess the condition of the system internals to ensure peak performance. The frequency of inspections and maintenance depends on site- specific loading conditions and rainfall frequency. Within the first year of operation, it is recommended that the unit be inspected quarterly to determine the rate of pollutant accumulation to develop a more accurate maintenance schedule. Inspections should be performed during dry weather conditions when no flow is entering the system. StormSettler systems are recommended to be inspected whenever the upstream and downstream catch basins and stormwater pipes of the stormwater collection system are inspected or maintained. If checked on an annual basis, the inspection should be conducted before the stormwater season begins to ensure that the system is functioning properly for the upcoming storm season. Inspection and Maintenance Equipment The following equipment is recommended to have during inspections: • StormSettler Inspection and Maintenance Manual and Inspection Checklist • Flashlight • Manhole hook/lifter or pry bar to lift the manhole cover • Measuring device(s) of sufficient length to reach the bottom of the device’s sump • Proper personal protective equipment • Adequate traffic control signage • Pole with skimmer or net (optional for maintenance procedure) • Vacuum truck or similar trailer-mounted equipment (for maintenance procedure) Inspection Procedure Inspections should be done such that a sufficient time has lapsed since the most recent rain event to allow for a static water condition and rainfall is not anticipated to occur during the inspection procedure. StormSettler does not require entry into the system for inspection or maintenance; however, if entering the system is deemed necessary, it is prudent to note that before entering into any underground storm sewer or underground structure, appropriate OSHA and local safety regulations and guidelines should be followed. To begin the inspection process, set up the necessary traffic control signage per local ordinances. Open all manhole covers using appropriate equipment and ensure the manhole covers are in a location that would not prohibit the inspection process. Visually inspect the system at all manhole access opening locations. During the visual inspection, ensure that all components are in working order. An inspection checklist is provided within this guide for ease and reference. If any components are not in working order, contact your authorized StormTrap representative. After the components are inspected, visually quantify the accumulation of trash, debris, and hydrocarbons within the system by using a measuring device such as a tape measure, grade stick, dipstick, etc. Measure and record the depth of trash, debris, and hydrocarbon accumulation from the static water elevation (pipe elevation) to the average elevation of the trash and debris. If sorbent materials are used for retention of hydrocarbons, the level of discoloration of the sorbent material should also be noted during the inspection process. For sediment accumulation, utilize either a sludge sampler or a sediment pole to measure and document the amount of sediment accumulation. To determine the amount of sediment in the system with a sludge sampler, follow the manufacturer’s instructions. If utilizing a sediment pole or similar device, first insert the pole to the top of the sediment layer and record the depth. Then, insert the pole into the bottom of the system and record the depth. The difference in the two measurements corresponds to the amount of sediment in the system. Alternatively, sediment depth can also be determined by taking a measurement from a known and consistent elevation (manhole frame, pipe invert, vertical baffle top, etc.) to the top of the sediment layer. That distance can then be compared to the measurement between the known elevation to the sump floor. The difference between these two measurements will correspond to the sediment layer depth. After completion of the inspection process, ensure that manhole covers are replaced and securely seated in the manhole frame and remove traffic control signage. StormSettler units can also be installed with remote monitoring technology that measures the current capacities within the system and reports the data to any internet-capable device. If a remote monitoring device is used, proper maintenance of the device, such as replacement of batteries, cleaning the sensor, etc., needs to be completed to ensure the functionality of the remote monitoring technology. If it is determined during the inspection process that the accumulation of trash and debris or sediment is at or near the capacities of the StormSettler device, maintenance should be performed to ensure performance is not impacted for subsequent storm events. Maintenance Procedure Maintenance should be done such that sufficient time has lapsed since the most recent rain event to allow for a static water condition and rainfall is not anticipated to occur during the duration of the maintenance procedure. To begin the maintenance process, set up the necessary traffic control signage per local ordinances. Open all manhole covers using appropriate equipment and ensure the manhole covers are in a location that would not prohibit the maintenance process. Visually inspect the system at all manhole access opening locations. During the visual inspection, ensure that all components are undamaged. If any components are not in working order, contact your authorized StormTrap representative. After the components are inspected, remove all accumulated trash, debris, and hydrocarbons stored on the surface of the water using the vacuum hose or pole with an attached skimmer or net. If sorbent materials are used, the materials may have to be moved to not impact pollutant removal. If significant discoloration of the sorbent material has occurred, simply remove the sorbent materials and replace them upon completion of maintenance activities. To remove sediment, insert the vacuum truck’s hose on the inlet side of the vertical baffle into the sump. The system should be completely drained, and all sediment should be removed from the sump. For smaller diameter devices (3’ or 4’ units), a 6” or smaller vacuum hose diameter may be required for effective cleaning due to maneuverability constraints. If the vacuum truck that is being utilized has a hose diameter greater than 6”, a smaller tube can be affixed to the boom hose with duct tape to improve maneuverability within the device. If excessive sediment or debris buildup occurs within the device, components can be washed with sewer jetting equipment or a spray lance to remove stubborn materials. Particular attention must be taken when spraying the settler pack. A wide spray nozzle is recommended around the settler pack to ensure there is no damage to the material. After completing the maintenance procedure, complete a post-maintenance inspection to ensure that all components are in good condition. Ensure that manhole covers are replaced and securely seated in the manhole frame and remove traffic control signage. Dispose of all pollutants removed during maintenance per local, state, and federal guidelines and regulations. Inspection and Maintenance Documentation Proof of inspections and maintenance activities is the responsibility of the owner. All inspection and maintenance reports and any relevant data should be kept on-site or at a location where they will be accessible in accordance with local requirements. It is a good practice to take time-stamped photographs after every inspection and maintenance event to include within logs. It is also good practice to keep records of rainfall events between maintenance events and the weight of material removed, even if no report is required. Some municipalities may require inspection and maintenance reports be forwarded to the proper governmental permitting agency on an annual basis. Refer to your local regulations and ordinances for any additional maintenance requirements and schedules not contained herein. Inspections and maintenance activities should be performed to ensure performance is not impacted and the device performs as designed. Inspection Items •StormSettler Maintenance Manual and Inspection Checklist •Flashlight •Manhole hook/lifter or pry bar to lift the manhole cover •Measuring device(s) of sufficient length to reach the bottom of the device’s sump •Proper personal protective equipment •Adequate traffic control signage Maintenance Items •StormSettler Maintenance Manual and Inspection Checklist •Flashlight •Manhole hook/lifter or pry bar to lift the manhole cover •Measuring device(s) of sufficient length to reach the bottom of the device’s sump •Proper personal protective equipment •Adequate traffic control signage •Pole with skimmer or net (optional for maintenance procedure) •Vacuum truck or similar trailer-mounted equipment (for maintenance procedure) 1 2 3 4 5 Yes No 1 2 3 4 5 Yes No 1 2 3 4 5 Yes No 1 2 3 4 5 Yes No 1 2 3 4 5 Yes No 1 2 3 4 5 Yes No 1 2 3 4 5 Yes No 1 2 3 4 5 Yes No 1 2 3 4 5 Yes No 1 2 3 4 5 Yes No 1 2 3 4 5 Yes No 1 2 3 4 5 Yes No 1 2 3 4 5 Yes No 1 2 3 4 5 Yes No 1 2 3 4 5 Yes No 1 2 3 4 5 Yes No 1 2 3 4 5 Yes No 1 2 3 4 5 Yes No 9.) Concrete Chamber Component(s) structural condition 10.) Sediment Storage Capacity Sediment storage capacity Accumulation of debris and/or sediment Component(s) structurally sound Additional Notes: 8.) Outlet Pipe Component(s) structural condition 7.) Outlet Control Diverter Accumulation of debris and/or sediment Component(s) structurally sound 6.) Flow Modifiers Accumulation of debris and/or sediment Component(s) structural condition 5.) Enhanced Settling Pack Accumulation of debris and/or sediment Component(s) structural condition Accumulation of debris and/or sediment 2.) Inlet Pipe(s) Accumulation of debris and/or sediment Component(s) structural condition 3.) Vortex Disruptor Accumulation of debris and/or sediment Component(s) structural condition 4.) Verticle Baffle *Follow inspection and maintenance instructions provided by system manufacturer. Comment Action Needed 1.) Frames and Covers Inspection Item Condition *Please circle the condition of each inspection item below. 1 being the worst and 5 being the best condition. Structure ID: Location/Address: Date: StormSettler Inspection Checklist Weather Conditions: Time: Inspector Name:Inspector Contact Information: Wet Weather Inspection Needed: Maintenance Activities Needed: Yes Yes No No Rain in the Last 48hrs: If yes, list amount and timing: *Do not enter underground chambers to inspect system unless Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) regulations for confined space entry are followed. Accumulation of debris and/or sediment Component(s) structural condition DESCRIPTION Vegetated swales are shallow vegetated channels to convey stormwater where pollutants are removed by filtration through grass and infiltration through soil. They look similar to, but are wider than a ditch that is sized only to transport flow. They require shallow slopes and soils that drain well. Vegetated swale designs have achieved mixed performance in pollutant removal efficiency. Moderate removal rates have been reported for suspended solids and metals associated with particulates such as lead and zinc. Runoff waters are typically not detained long enough to effectively remove very fine suspended solids, and swales are generally unable to remove significant amounts of dissolved nutrients. Pollutant removal capability is related to channel dimensions, longitudinal slope, and type of vegetation. Optimum design of these components will increase contact time of runoff through the swale and improve pollutant removal rates. Vegetated swales are primarily stormwater conveyance systems. They can provide sufficient control under light to moderate runoff conditions, but their ability to control large storms is limited. Therefore, they are most applicable in low-to-moderate sloped areas as an alternative to ditches and curb and gutter drainage. Their performance diminishes sharply in highly urbanized settings. Vegetated swales are often used as a pretreatment measure for other downstream BMPs, particularly infiltration devices. Enhanced vegetative swales utilize check dams and wide depressions to increase runoff storage and promote greater settling of pollutants. ADVANTAGES 1. Relatively easy to design, install and maintain. 2. Vegetated areas that would normally be included in the site layout, if designed for appropriate flow patterns, may be used as a vegetated swale. 3. Relatively inexpensive. 4. Vegetation is usually pleasing to residents. LIMITATIONS 1. Irrigation may be necessary to maintain vegetative cover. 2. Potential for mosquito breeding areas. 3. Possibility of erosion and channelization over time. 4. Requires dry soils with good drainage and high infiltration rates for better pollutant removal. 5. Not appropriate for pollutants toxic to vegetation. 6. Large area requirements may make this BMP infeasible for some sites. 7. Used to serve sites less than 10 acres in size, with slopes no greater than 5 percent. 8. The seasonal high water table should be at least 2 feet below the surface. 9. Buildings should be at least 10 feet from the top of bank DESIGN CRITERIA Several criteria should be kept in mind when beginning swale design. These provisions, presented below, have been developed through a series of evaluative research conducted on swale performance. Stormwater Technical PC-109-1 July 2006 Standards Manual BMP PC – 109 VEGETATIVE SWALE Criteria for optimum swale performance (Horner, 1993) Parameter Optimal Criteria Minimum Criteria* Hydraulic Residence Time 9 min 5 min Average Flow Velocity ≤0.9 ft/s N/A Swale Width 8 ft 2 ft Swale Length 200 ft 100 ft Swale Slope 2 - 4% 1% Side Slope Ratio (horizontal:vertical) 4 : 1 3 : 1 Note: * Criteria at or below minimum values can be used when compensatory adjustments are made to the standard design. Specific guidance on implementing these adjustments will be discussed in the design section. The following steps are recommended to be conducted in order to complete a swale design: (1) Determine the flow rate to the system. (2) Determine the slope of the system. (3) Select a swale shape (skip if filter strip design). (4) Determine required channel width. (5) Calculate the cross-sectional area of flow for the channel. (6) Calculate the velocity of channel flow. (7) Calculate swale length. (8) Select swale location based on the design parameters. (9) Select a vegetation cover for the swale. (10) Check for swale stability. Recommended procedures for each task are discussed in detail below. 1. Determine Flow Rate to the System. Calculate the flow rate of stormwater to be mitigated by the vegetated swale using the methods outlined in Section 701-05. Runoff from larger events should be designed to bypass the swale, consideration must be given to the control of channel erosion and destruction of vegetation. A stability analysis for larger flows (up to the 100-yr 24-hour) must be performed. If the flow rate approaches or exceeds 1 ft/s, one or more of the design criteria above may be violated, and the swale system may not function correctly (Washington State Department of Transportation, 1995). Alternative measures to lower the design flow should be investigated. Possibilities include dividing the flow among several swales, installing detention to control release rate upstream, and reducing developed surface area to reduce runoff coefficient value and gain space for biofiltration (Horner, 1993). 2. Determine the Slope of the System. The slope of the swale will be somewhat dependent on where the swale is placed. The slope should normally be between 2 and 4 percent. A slope of less than 2 percent can be used if underdrains are placed beneath the channel to prevent ponding. 3. Select a Swale Shape. Normally, swales are designed and constructed in a trapezoidal or parabolic shape. Stormwater Technical PC-109-2 July 2006 Standards Manual 4. Determine Required Channel Width. Estimates for channel width for the selected shape can be obtained by applying Manning’s Equation: 2132486.1 SARnQ= Where: Q = Flow (ft3/s). A = Cross-sectional area of flow (ft2). Rh = Hydraulic radius of flow cross section (ft). S = Longitudinal slope of biofilter (ft/ft). n = Manning's roughness coefficient. A Manning's n value of 0.02 is used for routine swales that will be mowed with some regularity. For swales that are infrequently mowed, use a Manning's n value of 0.024. A higher n value can be selected if it is known that vegetation will be very dense (Khan, 1993). Because the channel is wide, the hydraulic radius approaches the flow depth. Substituting the geometric equations for a trapezoidal channel into Manning’s equation, the bottom width (wb) and the top width (wt) for the trapezoid swale can be computed using the following equations: ZySy Qnwb −=5.067.1486.1 and Zywwbt2+= Where: Q = Flow rate in ft3/s. n = Manning’s roughness coefficient y = Depth of flow. Z = The side slope in the form of Z:1. Typically, the depth of flow in the channel (y) is set at 3 to 4 inches. Flow depth can also be determined by subtracting 2 inches from the expected grass height, if the grass type and the height it will be maintained is known. Values lower than 3 to 4 inches can be used, but doing so will increase the computed width of the swale (Washington State Department of Transportation, 1995). Swale width computed should be between 2 to 8 feet. Relatively wide swales (those wider than 8 feet are more susceptible to flow channelization and are less likely to have uniform sheet flow across the swale bottom for the entire swale length. The maximum width for swales is on the order of 10 feet, however widths greater than 8 feet should be evaluated to consider the effectiveness of the flow spreading design used and the likelihood of maintaining evenness in the swale bottom. Since length may be used to compensate for width reduction (and vice versa) so that area is maintained, the swale width can be arbitrarily set to 8 feet to continue with the analysis. 5. Calculate Cross-Sectional Area. Compute the cross-sectional area (A) for the swale. 6. Calculate the Velocity of the Channel Flow. Channel flow velocity (V) can be computed using the continuity equation V (ft/sec)=Q(cfs)/A(ft2) Stormwater Technical PC-109-3 July 2006 Standards Manual This velocity should be less than 0.9 ft/s, a velocity that was found to cause grasses to be flattened, reducing filtration. A velocity lower than this maximum value is recommended to achieve the 9-minute hydraulic residence time criterion, particularly in shorter swales (at V = 0.9 ft/s, a 485-ft swale is needed for a 9-min residence time and a 269-ft swale for a 5-min residence time). If the value of V suggests that a longer swale will be needed than space permits, investigate how the design flow Q can be reduced, or increase flow depth (y) and/or swale width (wt) up to the maximum allowable values and repeat the analysis. 7. Calculate Swale Length. Compute the swale length (L) using the following equation: L=60Vtr Where: L=length required to achieve residence time tr = Hydraulic residence time (in minutes). V=velocity of channel flow (ft/sec) Use tr = 9 min for this calculation. If a swale length greater than the space will permit results, investigate how the design flow Q can be reduced. Increase flow depth (y) and/or swale width (wb) up to the maximum allowable values and repeat the analysis. If all of these possibilities are checked and space is still insufficient, t can be reduced, but to no less than 5 minutes. If the computation results in L less than 100 ft, set L = 100 ft and investigate possibilities in width reduction. This is possible through recalculating V at the 100-ft length, recomputing cross-sectional area, and ultimately adjusting the swale width wb using the appropriate equation. 8. Select Swale Location. Swale geometry should be maximized by the designer, using the above equations, and given the area to be utilized. If the location has not yet been chosen, it is advantageous to compute the required swale dimensions and then select a location where the calculated width and length will fit. If locations available cannot accommodate a linear swale, a wide-radius curved path can be used to gain length. Sharp bends should be avoided to reduce erosion potential. Regardless of when and how site selection is performed, consideration should be given to the following site criteria: Soil Type. Soil characteristics in the swale bottom should be conducive to grass growth. Soils that contain large amounts of clay cause relatively low permeability and result in standing water, and may cause grass to die. Where the potential for leaching into groundwater exists, the swale bottom may need to be sealed with clay to protect from infiltration into the resource. Compacted soils will need to be tilled before seeding or planting. Topsoil should be applied at a depth of at least 6 inches using the following recommended topsoil mix: 50 to 80 percent sandy loam, 10 to 20 percent clay, and 10 to 20 percent composted organic matter (exclude animal waste). Slope. The natural slope of the potential location will determine the nature and amount of regrading, or if additional measures to reduce erosion and/or increase pollutant removal are required. Swales should be graded carefully to attain uniform longitudinal and lateral slopes and to eliminate high and low spots. If needed, grade control checks should be provided to maintain the computed longitudinal slope and limit maximum flow velocity (Urbonas, 1992). Natural Vegetation. The presence and composition of existing vegetation can provide valuable information on soil and hydrology. If wetland vegetation is present, inundated conditions may exist at the site. The presence of larger plants, trees and shrubs, may provide additional stabilization along the swale slopes, but also may shade any grass cover established. Most grasses grow best in full sunlight, and prolonged shading should be avoided. It is preferable that Stormwater Technical PC-109-4 July 2006 Standards Manual vegetation species be native to the region of application, where establishment and survival have been demonstrated. 9. Select Vegetative Cover. Select vegetation on the basis of pollution control objectives and according to what will best establish and survive in the site conditions. In general, select fine, close-growing, water-resistant grasses. Species with these desirable traits include tall fescue or mixtures of big bluestem, little bluestem, switchgrass, or Indian grass. Emergent wetland plant species or other alternative vegetation may be necessary where some period of soil saturation is expected, where particular pollutant uptake characteristics are desired. Use wetland species that are finely divided like grass and relatively resilient. Invasive species, such as cattails, should be avoided to eliminate proliferation in the swale and downstream. In swales next to roadways where de-icer is regularly used, salt tolerant species should be used. Woody or shrubby plantings can be used for landscaping on the edge of side slopes, but not in the swale treatment area. If landscape plantings are to be used, selection and planting processes should be carefully planned and carried out to avoid potential problems. 10. Check Swale Stability. The stability check is performed for the combination of highest expected flow and least vegetation coverage and height. Stability is normally checked for flow rate (Q) for the 100-yr, 24-hr storm unless runoff from larger such events will bypass the swale. Q can be determined using the same methods mentioned for the initial design storm computation. The maximum velocity (Vmax) in ft/s that is permissible for the vegetation type, slope, and soil conditions should be obtained. Maintenance for vegetated swales is as follows: 1. Groomed swales planted in grasses must be mowed regularly during the summer to promote growth and to increase density and pollutant uptake. Be sure not to cut below the design flow (maintenance personnel must be made aware of this requirement). Remove cuttings promptly and dispose in such a way as to ensure that no pollutants enter receiving waters. 2. If the objective is prevention of nutrient transport, mow grasses or cut emergent wetland-type plants to a low height at the end of the growing season. For other pollution control objectives, let the plants stand at a height exceeding the design water depth by at least two inches at the end of the growing season. 3. Remove sediments during summer months when they build up to 6 inches at any spot, cover swale vegetation, or otherwise interfere with swale operation. Use of equipment like a Ditch Master is strongly recommended over a backhoe or dragline. If the equipment leaves bare spots, reseed them immediately and take the necessary steps to ensure the stand of grass is established and the swale is stabilized. 4. Inspect swales periodically, especially after periods of heavy runoff. Remove sediments, fertilize, and reseed as necessary. Be careful to avoid introducing fertilizer to receiving waters or groundwater. 5. Clean curb cuts when soil and vegetation buildup interferes with flow introduction. 6. Perform special public education for residents near swales concerning their purpose and the importance of keeping them free of debris. 7. See that litter is removed in order to keep swales attractive in appearance. 8. Base cleaning methods and frequency on an analysis of hydraulic necessity. Use a technique such as the Ditch Master to remove only the amount of sediment necessary to restore needed hydraulic capacity, leaving vegetative plant parts in place to the maximum extent possible. Stormwater Technical PC-109-5 July 2006 Standards Manual REFERENCES 1. Camp, Dresser and McKee, Inc., Larry Walker Associates, 1993. California Best Management Practices - Municipal, California State Water Resources Council Board, Alameda, CA. 2. Colorado Department of Transportation, 1992, Erosion Control and Stormwater Quality Guide, Colorado Department of Transportation. 3. DEQ Storm Water Management Guidelines, Department of Environmental Quality,State of Oregon. http://waterquality.deq.state.or.us/wq/groundwa/swmgmtguide.htm 4. GKY and Associates, Inc. June 1996. Evaluation and Management of Highway Runoff Water Quality, Publication No. FHWA-PD-96-032. Prepared for: US Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. Washington, DC. 5. R. R. Horner, 1993. Biofiltration for Storm Runoff Water Quality Control, prepared for the Washington State Department of Ecology, Center for Urban Water Resources Management, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. 6. Z. Khan, C. Thrush, P. Cohen, L. Kuzler, R. Franklin, D. Field, J. Koon, and R. Horner, 1993. Biofiltration Swale Performance Recommendations and Design Considerations, Washington Department of Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. 7. K. H. Lichten, June 1997. Compilation of New Development Stormwater Treatment Controls in the San Francisco Bay Area, Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies Association, San Francisco, CA. 8. Low-Impact Development Design Manual, November 1997. Department of Environmental Resources, Prince George’s County, MD. 9. T. R. Schueler, P. Kumble, and M. Heraty, 1992. A Current Assessment of Urban Best Management Practices: Techniques for Reducing Nonpoint Source Pollution in the Coastal Zone, Anacostia Research Team, Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments, Washington, DC. 10. B. R. Urbonas, J. T. Doerfer, J. Sorenson, J. T. Wulliman, and T. Fairley, 1992. Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual, Volume 3 - Best Management Practices, Stormwater Quality, Urban Drainage and Flood Control District, Denver, CO. 11. Ventura Countywide Stormwater Quality Management Program, Draft BMP BF: Biofilters, June 1999. Ventura, CA. 12. Washington State Department of Transportation, 1995. Highway Runoff Manual, Washington State Department of Transportation. 13. Manual for the Standard Urban Stormwater Mitigation Plan (SUSMP), Los Angeles County Department of Public Works, September 2002. Stormwater Technical PC-109-6 July 2006 Standards Manual Post-Construction BMP Inspection Checklist Detention Pond Detention Pond Operation, Maintenance, and Management Inspection Checklist Project: ___________________________________________________________________________________ Location: ___________________________________________________________________________________ Date: _________________________________________ Time: ____________________________ Inspector: _________________________________________ Title: ____________________________ Signature: ____________________________________________________ Maintenance Item Satisfactory/ Unsatisfactory Comments 1. Embankment and emergency spillway Healthy vegetation with at least 85% ground cover. No signs of erosion on embankment. No animal burrows. Embankment is free of cracking, bulging, or sliding. Embankment is free of woody vegetation. Embankment is free of leaks or seeps Emergency spillway is clear of obstructions. Vertical/horizontal alignment of top of dam “As- Built” 2. Riser and principal spillway Low flow outlet free of obstruction. Trash rack is not blocked or damaged. Riser is free of excessive sediment buildup Outlet pipe is in good condition. Control valve is operational Outfall channels are stable and free of scouring. Stormwater Ordinance Technical Standards Detention Pond O&M 1 of 2 July 2004 Post-Construction BMP Inspection Checklist Detention Pond Maintenance Item Satisfactory/ Unsatisfactory Comments 3. Permanent Pool (Wet Ponds) No Evidence of undesirable vegetation No accumulation of floating or floatable debris No evidence of shoreline scour or erosion 4. Sediment Forebays Sediment is being collected by forebay(s) Forebay is not in need of cleanout (less than 50% full) 5. Dry Pond Areas Healthy vegetation with at least 85% ground cover. No undesirable woody vegetation Low flow channels clear of obstructions No evidence of sediment and/or trash accumulation 6. Condition of Outfall into Ponds No riprap failures No evidence of slope erosion or scouring Storm drain pipes are in good condition, with no evidence of non-stormwater discharges End walls/Headwalls are in good condition Stormwater Ordinance Technical Standards Detention Pond O&M 2 of 2 July 2004 Post-Construction BMP Inspection Checklist Vegetated Swale Vegetated Swale Operation, Maintenance, and Management Inspection Checklist Project: ___________________________________________________________________________________ Location: ___________________________________________________________________________________ Date: _________________________________________ Time: ____________________________ Inspector: _________________________________________ Title: ____________________________ Signature: ____________________________________________________ Maintenance Item Satisfactory/ Unsatisfactory Comments 1. Debris Cleanout Contributing drainage areas free from debris 2. Vegetation Mowing performed when needed No evidence of erosion 3. Check Dams or Energy Dissipaters No evidence of flow going around structure No evidence of erosion at the downstream toe Soil permeability 4. Sediment Forebay Sediment cleanout not needed (clean out when 50% full) Actions to be Taken:_____________________________________________________________________________ Stormwater Ordinance Technical Standards Veg. Swale O&M 1 of 1 July 2004