HomeMy WebLinkAboutSound Level Assessment
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SOUND LEVEL ASSESSMENT
MUELLER PROPERTY SOUTH
SAND AND GRAVEL
SPECIAL USE APPLICATION
PREPARED FOR
MARTIN MARIETTA MATERIALS
PREPARED BY
SKELLY AND LOY, INC.
ENGINEERS-CONSULTANTS
SEPTEMBER 2004
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SOUND LEVEL ASSESSMENT\~<~]T1C(0?~;>Y
MUELLER PROPERTY SOUTH -----
SAND AND GRAVEL
SPECIAL USE APPLICATION
PREPARED FOR
MARTIN MARIETTA MATERIALS
1980 EAST 116TH STREET, SUITE 200
CARMEL, INDIANA 46032
PREPARED BV
SKELL V AND LOV, INC.
ENGINEERS-CONSULTANTS
2601 NORTH FRONT STREET
HARRISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA 17110
SEPTEMBER 13, 2004
1602227
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1
2.0 INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3
2.1 GENERAL ENVIRONMENTAL ACOUSTICS PRINCiPLES.... ...... ... 3
2.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION.. ... ...... .., .. . .. ... .,. .. ........ ... 5
3.0 EXISTING ACOUSTICAL ENViRONMENT..... .. .. .. .. ., .. . ........... 6
4.0 SPECIAL USE APPLICATION:
IMPLICATIONS ON THE ACOUSTICAL ENVIRONMENT ................. 12
4.1 METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.0 SUMMARy/CONCLUSiON....... ........ .., . .. . .... .. .. .. ...... ...18
6.0 APPENDICES
APPENDIX A - NOISE MONITORING SITE SKETCHES
APPENDIX B - ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE MODEL (ENM) FILES
APPENDIX C - GLOSSARY OF ACOUSTICAL TERMS
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NO.
1.1
3.1
4.1
NO.
2.1
3.1
NO.
3.1
4.1
LIST OF ORA WINGS
DESCRIPTION
PAGE
MUELLER PROPERTY SOUTH LOCATION MAP ....................... 2
MUELLER PROPERTY SOUTH NOISE MONITORING LOCATION MAP ..... 7
MUELLER PROPERTY SOUTH/SAND AND GRAVEL OPERATION
NOISE CONTOUR MAP........................................... 14
LIST OF FIGURES
DESCRIPTION
PAGE
EXAMPLES OF TYPICAL SOUND LEVELS ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4
24-HOUR SOUND DATA .......................................... 11
LIST OF TABLES
DESCRIPTION
PAGE
AMBIENT MEASUREMENT SUMMARY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8
TNM 2.5 TRUCK ANALYSIS SUMMARY .............................. 17
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1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. has proposed to expand its existing mining operations onto
an adjacent tract of land to access the known mineral reserves (referred to as the Mueller Property
South). Refer to Drawing 1.1 for a general Project Location Map. The existing facilities in the
region owned by Martin Marietta Materials include the Carmel Sand Plant and the North
Indianapolis Plant, both located in Carmel, Indiana. Skelly and Loy, Inc. has performed a baseline
sound study to determine existing conditions in the area and to assess the potential for increased
sound levels as a result of the proposed expansion. Noise monitoring was performed at several
locations (September 16 and 17,2003) adjacent to the existing Carmel Sand Plant to determine
contributions from operations to the local acoustical environment.
Computer noise modeling was performed to assess the acoustical implications of expanding
onto the Mueller Property South. Reference sound-level emission levels for machinery proposed
on-site were obtained through field measurements. Several scenarios were computer-modeled to
create sound contours reflecting various future conditions. Noting that the acoustics will change
as mining progresses on the subject property, modeling was performed to simulate several periods
in the future which assumed extraction of 5%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the reserves for the subject
property. A three-dimensional terrain model considering pit depth, existing and proposed earthen
berms, and proposed contours was used in the modeling to obtain a reasonable estimate of sound
emissions, including dispersion and attenuation, throughout the project area.
In addition to the excavation and processing noise emission assessment, a truck noise
study was done to assess the egress and ingress routes relative to transporting sand and gravel
northward to the processing area. While there are several options for transporting material out of
the pit for processing (including existing access roads at East 96th Street, Gray Road, and East
106th Street), it was assumed for noise modeling purposes that the access drive from East 106th
Street into Carmel Concrete would be used since it is in closest proximity to nearby residents. The
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Traffic Noise Model (TNM 2.5) was used to model
anticipated truck traffic along 106th Street and Hazel Dell Parkway. The results indicated little
contribution to Kingswood and the park and are not considered impacted when compared with the
Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) or FHWA noise prnicies.
The results indicate that no facet of the proposed expansion onto Mueller Property South
(sand and gravel) will create adverse acoustical conditions relative to existing sound levels on
adjoining lands. Extraction elevations coupled with the terrain change and proposed berm
construction/placement substantially attenuate the sound emitted on each property. Therefore, the
modeling coupled with existing noise measurements indicate that the proposed expansion will not
adversely affect the acoustical environment on adjacent lands.
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Source: USGS 7.5' Quadrangle, Fishers, Indiana
Photorevised 1988
OWN BY:
D. Johnston
Martin Marietta Materials, IneM
Mueller Property South
LOCATION MAP
DATE:
10/27/03
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2.0 INTRODUCTION
Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. has proposed to expand its existing mining operations onto
an adjacent tract of land to access known mineral reserves (referred to as the Mueller Property
South). A special use application was submitted for sand and gravel extraction on Mueller Property
South. The property is located west of Hazel Dell Parkway and south of 106th Street. This report
documents the results of a sound level study undertaken to determine the acoustical influence of
the proposed expansion on the adjacent land uses.
2.1 GENERAL ENVIRONMENTAL ACOUSTICS PRINCIPLES
Noise is defined as "unwanted sound." Therefore, it can be considered a psychological
phenomenon and not a physical one. The roar of race cars adds to the excitement of spectators,
and hence would be considered sound. This same roar may annoy nearby neighbors, thereby
becoming noise. Factors playing a role in the perception of sound include magnitude, amplitude,
duration, frequency, source, and receiver. Nevertheless, researchers have established a fair
correlation between the measurement of sound, the A-weighted decibel (dBA), and its associated
perceived human response. Figure 2.1 represents this correlation of qualitative and quantitative
descriptions.
The A-weighted scale refines the sound measurement unit of decibels to match the
response of the human ear. It accounts for the fact that sounds of equal amplitude but different
frequencies are not necessarily perceived to be equally loud. While the human ear can detect
sounds from about 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz, it is more sensitive to frequencies between 500 and 4,000
Hz. To account for this occurrence, the A-weighted scale has been developed to place an
emphasis on those frequencies which are more detectable to the human ear. The A-weighted
scale, which has been in existence for over 40 years, is generally used in community and city noise
ordinances and is expressed in units of dBA (decibels in the A-weighting).
Because sound is actually an energy level, it must be recorded on a logarithmic scale and
expressed in logarithmic units called decibels (dB). Given this scale, a doubling of a noise source
will result in a 3-decibel increase in total level (Le., 50 dBA + 50 dBA = 53 dBA, not 100 dBA).
Typically, a change in sound level between 2 and 3 dBA is barely perceptible, while a change of
5 dBA is readily noticeable by most people. A 1 O-dBA increase is usually perceived as a doubling
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Thunder
Emergency
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Chain Saw
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Subway
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Normal
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Rainfall
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Sound Level . Overall Quality
in dBA
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120- Threshold of Pain
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100- Very Loud
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70- -Loud
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of Hearing
OWN BY:
R. Jenson
CKBY:
W. Kaufell
Martin Marietta Materials, IneM
Mueller Property South
Figure 2.1
Examples of Typical
Sound Levels
DATE:
10/27/03
SCALE:
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of loudness, and conversely, noise is perceived to be reduced by one-half when a sound level is
reduced by 10 dBA.
Sound is also variable with the passage of time. When sound emission levels change (Le.,
volume increased or decreased) or source/receptor relationships change (Le., vehicle approaches
and passes) over time, sound levels sensed at a given point can vary considerably. To account
for this occurrence, several noise descriptors have been developed. The equivalent level or Leq
is commonly used in community noise studies. The Leq is the constant, steady state sound level
that, over a given period of time, would have the same acoustic energy as the actual varying level.
In a sense, it is the average level, recognizing that the decibel is derived logarithmically. The Leq
is reported for a given period of time, usually one hour, expressed Leq(h).
2.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. has proposed to expand its existing mining operations onto
an adjacent tract of land to access known mineral reserves (referred to as the Mueller Property
South). The special use application for Mueller Property South includes the extraction of sand and
gravel. The site is located south of 106th Street, west of Hazel Dell Parkway in the City of Carmel,
Clay Township, Hamilton County, Indiana (shown on Drawing 1.1).
Mueller Property South: The sand and gravel operation on the Mueller Property
South will be a dry operation using traditional mining equipment (front-end loader,
excavator and trucks). To reach the sand and gravel, Martin Marietta must remove
approximately five feet of topsoil and non-aggregate material known as "overbur-
den." Overburden will be removed using earthmoving equipment such as pans,
front-end loaders, etc. Martin Marietta plans for overburden removal to be
completed during daylight hours (between one-half hour after sunrise and one-half
hour before sunset) during the months of November through March (except as
necessary to construct the visual and noise barrier described below) and only on
days other than Saturday or Sunday. Removing overburden will expose approxi-
mately 26 feet of sand and gravel. Due to the nature of the deposit and overburden
depth, the bulk of the excavation will be conducted below the existing grade. There
will be no aggregate processing on the subject property since sand and gravel
processing will occur at the existing Carmel Sand Plant. The aggregate will be
transported from the proposed pit north to 106th Street via an existing Martin
Marietta access road. The trucks will proceed east on 106th Street, then north on
Hazel Dell Parkway to access the existing Carmel Plant processing area.
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3.0 EXISTING ACOUSTICAL ENVIRONMENT
The existing acoustical environment surrounding the proposed Mueller property expansion
area was assessed using conventional noise monitoring procedures. The intent was to document
current sound levels at adjacent residential areas (Kingswood Subdivision) associated with the
Carmel Sand Plant and other ambient sounds. This facility is located in Carmel, Indiana, and is
roughly bounded by the Hazel Dell Parkway to the east, East 106th Street to the south, the
Kingswood Subdivision to the west, and Cool Creek to the north (see Drawing 1.1). Activity at the
Carmel Sand Plant is concentrated on the southern half of the property (the northern half of the
property being previously mined), with primary acoustic contributions coming from the crushing/
screening plant, truck activity, and front-end loaders. Additionally, the North Indianapolis Plant is
located approximately one-half mile south of the Carmel Plant, but is far enough removed that it
does not contribute to the acoustic environment near the Carmel Sand Plant.
Noise measurements were taken on September 16, 2003, at 18 sites on both the existing
Carmel Plant property as well as the northern section of the Mueller Property North. Additionally,
five sites were located in the Kingswood Subdivision interior to determine sound levels in the
community. Drawing 3.1 identifies the specific noise monitoring locations. Noise levels from these
monitoring periods are reported in Table 3.1, Ambient Measurement Summary.
Sites Berm 1 through Berm 14 were taken along the western edge of the Carmel Plant
property line, directly adjacent to the Kingswood Subdivision. Sites Berm 1 through Berm 7 were
located along the top of the existing earthen berm, while sites Berm 8 through Berm 14 were
located behind the earthen berm adjacent to the Kingswood Subdivision property line. This
grouping of sites provides a sample of the overall sound levels from the Carmel Plant at the
residential property line, as well as a measure of the berms' attenuation. Measurements were
primarily collected during plant operations, although Sites Berm 5 and Berm 12 were measured for
a 24-hour duration to obtain nighttime and background noise levels. Comparison of the operating
versus non-operating conditions highlights the contributions of the plant to the ambient sound
levels.
A second set of sites was placed along the southern boundary line of the Kingswood
Subdivision. As with the previously defined "Berm" sites, data were collected during both operating
and non-operating conditions. These sites are designated XP1 through XP4 on Drawing 3.1.
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LEGEND
c::: : : :::J Existing Martin Marietta Mine
Mueller Property Boundary
Municipal Boundary
- - - - - Existing Road
- . . . - . . . - Existing Rivers, Lakes, and streams
- - - - - Mueller Permit Boundary
--- Right Of Way Line
- - - - - Proposed Um it of Extraction
Proposed 50' Berm Corridor
~/~/1Hl Monitored Sites
~ Sound Levels (dBA) - Plant Operating
Proposed Relocation of Blue Woods Creek
NOTE: THE PROPERTY LINE INFORMATION PORTRAYED ON THIS
MAP IS AN APPROXIMATE REPRESENTATION BASED ON DATA
PROVIDED FROM THE HAMILTON COUNTY GIS DEPARTMENT AND
PROPERTY BOUNDARY SURVEYS FOR THE E. & H. MUELLER
DEVELOPMENT L.L.C. PROPERTIES.
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NOISE MONITORING
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DATE:
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TABLE 3.1
AMBIENT MEASUREMENT SUMMARY
EXISTING SOUND LEVEL
MEASUREMENT SUMMARY
LOCATION SITE 1.0. (Leq [10 MINUTES] IN dBA)
PLANT PLANT NOT
OPERATING OPERATING
Berm 1 54 54-57
Berm 2 57 54-57
Berm 3 57 54-57
Top of berm west of Carmel Berm 4 60 54-57
Sand Plant
Berm 5 61 54-57
Berm -B 63 54-57
Berm 7 61 54-57
Berm 8 57 54-57
Berm 9 57 54-57
Berm 10 55 54-57
Behind berm west of sand Berm 11 58 54-57
and gravel operation
Berm 12 54 54-57
Berm 13 55 54-57
Berm 14 59 54-57
XP1 48 47-50
XP2 47 47-50
Proposed Expansion XP3
50 47-50
XP4 61* 47-50
BK1 50 47-50
BK2 47 47-50
Kingswood Subdivision BK3 51 47-50
BK4 49 47-50
BK5 50 47-50
Note:
* Site is influenced by Clav/Carmel Community Recreation Area
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A third set of sites was placed within the Kingswood Subdivision community to document
existing background noise levels. The measurements were taken when the plant was in operation
although generally the plant was inaudible and sound levels were heavily influenced by typical
ambient noises (local traffic, insect noise, lawn mowing etc.).
All of the sites were monitored for a minimum of ten-minute intervals. Relevant monitoring
standards (ANSI Standard S1.13-1995) were adhered to. The noise measurements were taken
at each of the 18 locations with and without the influence of the operation of the Martin Marietta
Materials Carmel Sand Plant. The location of the measurement sites was established to determine
the current effectiveness of the existing earthen berm along the west side of the property, as well
as document the existing sound levels.
All sound levels are reported as Leq in decibels, using the A-weighted (dBA) scale.
Additional information documented during the monitoring period included the identification of major
noise sources and unusual noise events (Le., aircraft fly-bys, dogs barking, insect noise).
Appendix A, Noise Monitoring Site Sketches, contains site-specific mapping and photographs. All
monitoring was performed according to relevant standards using Metrosonics db-3080 sound
analyzers. Calibration of the meters was performed with a Metrosonics cl-304 Calibrator. This
equipment meets all standards of the American National Standard Specification for Sound Level
Meters, ANSI S1.4-1983 (R1990).
The "berm" monitoring sites are acoustically affected by contributions from the Carmel Sand
Plant as well as background sounds (insect noise, rustling leaves, community noise, etc.). The
combination of these two sources makes up the overall monitored level of these sites. While the
Carmel Sand Plant influences certain sites on top of the berm, background sounds such as insects
(Le., cicada noise, cricket noise) had a heavy influence for many of the "berm" sites due to the
vegetation. The vegetation on the berm, combined with the season (Summer/Autumn) yielded
insect noise which affected sound readings. Therefore, the noise levels presented in Table 3.1 are
not solely due to the Carmel Sand Plant.
The recorded sound levels at the "Berm" sites clearly indicate that the earthen berm does
provide mitigation ranging from 2 to 9 dBA for plant noise. This is illustrated by comparing "Plant
Operating" conditions for sites on top of the berm (Berm 1 through Berm 7) with sites behind the
berm {Berm 8 through Berm 14). For instance, the operating sound levels for Berm 6 (63 dBA) and
Berm 13 (55 dBA) yield an 8 dBA drop as a result of the berm. For reference, a 10 dBA reduction
is perceived by the human ear as a halving of the sound level. The human ear has difficulty
distinguishing a change in sound level of less than 3 dBA.
- 9 -
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The only area that does not appear to directly benefit from the earthen berm is located to
the northwest of the facility. The sites in this region (Sites Berm 1,2,8, and 9) have relatively little
influence from the plant; therefore, there is no reduction associated with the earthen berm. These
sites are the farthest removed from the Carmel Sand Plant and therefore it is expected that the
berm will provide less attenuation in this area.
The sound levels recorded in the Kingswood Subdivision varied significantly depending on
location, monitoring time period, and community activity. While sound readings were taken during
the Camel Sand Plant operations, it was barely perceptible and essentially inaudible at these
locations. Local traffic has a significant affect on the ambient sound levels, particularly in
residential communities such as Kingswood Subdivision. Local sound levels can vary significantly
depending on a neighbor's activities (lawn mowing), school bus traffic,local traffic, animals, insect
noise, etc. The noise levels measured throughout Kingswood Subdivision during the daytime are
typical for a residential subdivision (47 to 50 dBA). In addition, a measurement was repeated at
Site BK3 at 4:00 A.M. on September 17, 2003, and yielded 43 dBA.
Noise levels at Sites XP1 through XP4, taken along the southern boundary of the
Kingswood Subdivision resulted in ambient sound levels ranging from 47 to 50 dBA. The Carmel
Sand Plant does not influence the acoustics at these sites, and sound levels are primarily a result
of ambient sounds including insect noise, cornfield rustling, etc. Site XP4 (61 dBA) was heavily
influenced by activities at the adjacent Clay/Carmel Recreational Park.
Long-term monitoring locations were also established to determining the evening ambient
sound levels for comparison with future operational and truck noise. The proposal includes
provisions to work until 10:00 P.M. in the evening; therefore, the existing ambient conditions were
documented over a 24-hour period from 6:00 P.M. Monday, May 10, 2004, through 11 :00 A.M.,
Wednesday, May 12, 2004. Sites Berm 5 and Berm 12 were selected for long-term measure-
ments. The data are presented in graphical format on Figure 3.1. The results are typical for a
suburban neighborhood, the sound levels decrease as human activity (traffic, etc.) increases.
- 10 -
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4.0 SPECIAL USE APPLICATION:
IMPLICATIONS ON THE ACOUSTICAL ENVIRONMENT
The special use application requests use of the property adjacent to existing Martin Marietta
operations for the extraction of sand and gravel. The proposed expansion involves using existing
processing areas at adjacent facilities and does not include provisions to process extracted material
on the Mueller property. Generally, the processing (crushing, screening, conveying, loading of
material) operations have the greatest potential to adversely affect the acoustical environment.
Since this special use application does not include the installation and subsequent operation of a
processing facility, the anticipated effect to the local acoustical environment is minimal. The
existing processing facility at the Carmel Sand Plant will continue to serve as the processing facility
for this expansion area. Therefore, the noise analysis was focused on the extraction techniques
and their associated implications to the acoustical environment.
The goal of the study was to determine the acoustical implications associated with the
extraction and transport of material from the Mueller Property South. Noting that the acoustics will
change as mining progresses on the property, future estimates were made for several scenarios
based on the operations' development (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% extraction) of the entire
property. In addition, a truck noise study was performed using INDOT methodology to assess the
proposed transport of material to the processing area.
4.1 METHODOLOGY
Extraction/Processi ng
The future acoustical environment was assessed using the proposed extraction equipment
sound emissions coupled with an Environmental Noise Model v. 3.06 (ENM). The emission rates
used in the model were derived directly from noise measurements obtained at Carmel Sand Plant,
North Indianapolis Plant, and Franklin Sand and Gravel. ENM was used to simulate the acoustical
environment of the proposed mining operations for the Mueller Property. This program is modular
in that the user inputs topographical data, source data, and receptor data separately. The model
then uses each individual module to predict the future sound environment.
A three-dimensional topographical model (encompassing approximately one square mile)
was created for importation into ENM. Ground elevations and rontours were obtained from base
- 12 -
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topographic mapping. Existing ground level contours and existing topography along with proposed
extraction elevations were incorporated into the model. The noise modeling topography was
compiled for the Mueller Property for several periods in the future based on the progress of
extraction. For example, the topography (and associated acoustical effects) will change as the
operations progress. The location of extraction equipment will change, as well as the terrain of the
sand pit, altering the acoustical environment. Estimates were made for the Mueller property based
on four scenarios - 5% of property mined, 50% of property mined, 75% of property mined, and full
extraction (100%).
All of the proposed and existing berms were incorporated into the model. The height of
most proposed berms varies from six to ten feet, although the berm located to the north of the
Mueller Property South, parallel to East 106th Street, is considerably higher (approximately 20
feet). Ground zones, representing typical ground cover, were input based on field reconnaissance
and project mapping. Noise sources and their emissions were derived by taking measurements
of anticipated extraction techniques on each property. Measurements were taken at specified
distances under full throttle conditions to calculate sound power levels for use in ENM program.
The sand and gravel extraction equipment proposed for the Mueller Property South was measured
to determine sound emissions for importation into ENM. A CAT 9888 Loader was measured under
full throttle while dumping material into a transfer hopper, and the resulting sound power level was
used to estimate the Mueller Property South sand and gravel extraction. Acoustical measurement
data as obtained in the field are contained in Appendix A.
In addition to the modeling for the Mueller Property South noise source(s), several other
facets of the existing acoustical environment were included in the modeling. The emissions from
the existing Carmel Sand Plant were estimated based on 1/1 octave measurements taken on
September 17, 2003. The processing plant contributes slightly to the noise levels measured along
the western boundary earthen berm (Table 3.1); therefore, it was included to obtain a cumulative
sound level estimate (Mueller Property expansion plus processing plant).
ENM is capable of either predicting maximum A-Weighted sound levels at discrete
receptors (single locations) or calculating sound contours given three-dimensional terrain. Due to
the number of extraction scenarios, contour modeling was used to display many of the operating
scenarios. The model generates a network of receivers over the terrain and estimates the
acoustical environment for an entire region. Each scenario was modeled based on four future
conditions (extraction progress: 5% of property mined, 50% of property mined, 75% of property
mined, and 100% extraction). Standard atmospheric conditions were assumed for the modeling
- 13 -
Sound
Source
Sound Level
in dBA Overall Quality
140
Air Raid Siren If..
Jack Hammer ~
~
Emergency ~)
Sirens . '.,:.
Rock Concert ~
Chain Saw &.
...."
Lawn Mower (~
Subway ~
(~
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Thunder
Yelling
Normal
Conversation
Rainfall
Refrigerator
Whisper
130
120 - Thr~shold
of t-'ain
110
100
80 G:.oud
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
o - -Threshold
of Hearing
*NOTE:
THE SOUND LEVEL CONTOURING WAS GENERA TED IN
ENM BASED ONLY ON PROPOSED NOISE SOURCES
CONTAINED WITHIN THE MUELLER SOUTH PROPERTY
AND THE CARMEL SAND PLANT. WHILE THE
CONTOURING INDICATES THAT A REGION IS 50 dBA
OR BELOW NON-MODELED AMBIENT NOISE SOURCES
(LOCAL TRAFFIC NOISE, INSECTS, WIND, ETC.) MAY
DOMINA TE AND LOCALLY ELEVATE SOUND LEVELS
ABOVE 50 dBA.
Legend
j Existing Martin
==c_..' Marietta Mine
Mueller
Property Boundary
--<- Municipal Boundary
- - Existing Road
_ Existing Rivers,
Lakes, and Streams
= Mueller Permit
Boundary
Lim its of Proposed
Mining Phase
_ ~ ~ Proposed Limit
of Extraction
..... Proposed Direction
of Mining
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Legend
Maximum Sound
Levels In dBA
Color Range
. Greater Than 76
III 74-76
III 72-74
III 70- 72
. 68- 70
D 66-68
D 64-66
D 62-64
o 60-62
~ 58-60
~ 56-58
D 54-56
D 52-54
D 50-52
D Less Than 50*
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Martin Marietta Materials, IneM
NOTE: THE PROPERTY LINE
INFORMA TlON PORTRAYED ON
THIS MAP IS AN APPROXIMATE
REPRESENTATION BASED ON
DATA PROVIDED FROM THE
HAMILTON COUNTY GIS
DEPARTMENT AND PROPERTY
BOUNDARY SURVEYS FOR THE
E. & H. MUELLER
DEVELOPMENT L.L.C.
PROPERTIES.
Mueller Property South
SAND AND GRAVEL NOISE
CONTOUR MAP
OWN BY:
D. Johnston
I CK. W. Kaufell
DWNG. NO:
4.1
DATE:
9/9/04
SCALE:
1" - 600'
JOB. NO.
SHEET NO. .
30F3
1602227
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(550F, 65% Relative Humidity, calm winds). ENM model details are located in Appendix B. The
sound level contouring presented in Drawing 4.1 was generated in ENM based on proposed noise
sources contained within Mueller Property South. While these illustrations include the major noise
sources, local background sources, traffic, wind, and human activity will also affect the acoustical
environment and are not modeled. The lower limit of the contours was set at 50 dBA, representing
the measured background levels (typical for residential areas). While the contouring indicates that
a region is 50 dBA or below, existing background noise sources not associated with mining in these
areas may dominate and locally elevate sound levels above 50 dBA.
The sand and gravel operation for Mueller Property South will be extracted through dry
mining techniques. Removing overburden will expose approximately 26 feet of the sand and
gravel. Martin Marietta will use typical mining equipment such as front-end loaders, excavators,
and dump trucks to remove the sand and gravel. A three-dimensional model of the sand and
gravel pit was created for several scenarios, using actual pit elevations and loader operating
locations. The results indicate that the equipment operation or transport of material off-site will not
have any effect on sound levels outside the property. Drawing 4.1 displays the noise contours for
the Mueller Property South Sand and Gravel Operation for several operation scenarios. The ENM
contouring indicates the equipment noise dissipates quickly (notice tight contour pattern) primarily
as a result of the pit depth, although the proposed adjacent earth berm bordering the north of the
property provides some attenuation during the onset of extraction.
Transport from Mueller South to Processing Plant
The transport of material from the proposed extraction site to the existing processing plant
will be conducted using dump trucks. While there are several options for transporting material out
of the pit for processing (including existing access roads at East 96th Street, Gray Road, and East
106th Street), it was assumed for noise modeling purposes that the access drive from East 106th
Street into Carmel Concrete would be used since it is in closest proximity to nearby residents. This
existing access road is located immediately west of the proposed site. A truck noise study was
conducted to assess the potential acoustical implications on the surrounding noise-sensitive land
uses. The FHW A methodology was used to predict hourly sound levels with and without the trucks
operating. FHWA's TNM 2.5 was used to model sound levels for comparison with Indiana
Department of Transportation (INDOT) noise policy. INDOT policy indicates a traffic noise impact
- 15 -
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if the sound level is increased 15 dBA over the existing conditions or if the absolute level is over
66 dBA [Leq(h) in dBA].
A three-dimensional TNM 2.5 computer model was created for the local roadway network
(e.g., 106th Street, Hazel Dell Parkway, Mueller South egress/ingress). Truck acceleration/
deceleration was accounted for in TNM using the program's speed constraint functions. Two
scenarios were modeled to assess the acoustical environment with and without the trucks. FHWA
and INDOT policies require the use of the hourly L-equivalent (Leq) to assess the cumulative
effects over a one-hour period. An estimate was made relative to the maximum number of trucks
accessing the proposed Mueller Sand and Gravel Property per hour (32 truck trips/hour) during
evening hours (6:00 to 10:00 P.M.). This analysis focused on evening hours as a worst-case (Le.,
ambient levels are lower during the evening, increasing the potential for the proposed truck traffic
to influence the acoustical environment). The truck trip estimate was used to predict the maximum
hourly Leq (essentially the hourly average) for the Clay/Carmel Park vicinity as well as locations
to the south of the Kingswood Development (Sites XP1 through XP4). Traffic on 106th Street and
Hazel Dell Parkway was derived from counts taken during the baseline monitoring events (4:00
P.M. weekday hour).
One TNM 2.5 run was completed with only "background" traffic volumes as counted in the
field during the noise monitoring. The predicted hourly Leq was assumed to be the influence from
local traffic on 106th Street and Hazel Dell Parkway. These predictions were slightly lower than
the measured volumes for the receptors along the southern edge of the Kingswood Development
(Sites XP1 through XP4), indicating influence from other background sources (Le., insects, leaves
rustling, etc.). Generally, traffic on 106th Street currently has little influence on the sound levels
in this region.
A second TNM 2.5 run was created by adding the proposed truck volumes from the Mueller
operation onto the existing traffic network. The results are presented in Table 4.1. Adding this
proposed truck traffic increases the sound level in the model by 4-8 dBA, but even this predicted
sound level remains below existing ambient background levels. Sound level contributions from the
truck volumes on local roads were modeled to be 43-45 dBA in the southern end of Kingswood and
50 dBA at the Carmel/Clay Park. These are below ambient background levels, indicating that
background sources will continue to dominate these locations and will exceed noise levels from the
mining truck traffic. In addition, these levels are low when compared to the FHWA criteria for
highway noise impacts (e.g., 66 dBA).
- 16 -
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In summary, the truck route from Mueller Property South does not influence background
levels nor would it exceed typical noise impact criteria for highway generated noise (Le., FHW A,
INDOT). Traffic on 106th Street currently has little influence on sound levels in the region, a trend
that will continue in the future after Mueller South is in operation. Table 4.1 outlines the results of
the truck traffic TNM 2.5 analysis.
TABLE 4.1
TNM 2.5 TRUCK ANALYSIS SUMMARY
MEASURED SOUND PREDICTED EXISTING PREDICTED FUTURE
SITE 1.0. TRAFFIC NOISE IN- TRAFFIC NOISE LEVEL
LEVEL ** FLUENCE * (WITH TRUCKS)*
Southwest Corner of No Data 46 50
Clay/Carmel Park
XP1 48 39 43
XP2 47 38 44
XP3 50 37 44
XP4 61 37 45
* Note: Influence solely from 106th Street/Hazel Dell Parkway traffic.
** Note: Measured values made up of all background sources (Le., traffic, wind, insect, etc.)
General Note: FHW A Criteria for traffic noise impact is 66 dBA
- 17 -
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5.0 SUMMARY/CONCLUSION
Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. has proposed to expand its operations onto an adjacent tract
of land (known as the Mueller Property South) in Carmel, Indiana. Skelly and Loy performed a
baseline sound study to determine existing conditions in the area and to assess the potential for
increased sound levels as a result of the proposed expansion. Noise monitoring was performed
to determine contributions from existing operations to the local acoustical environment, and
reference data were gathered from various operations to determine proposed sound-level
emissions. Computer noise modeling was performed using ENM and FHWA's TNM 2.5 Traffic
Noise Model, and noise contours were examined for several proposed operation scenarios. The
results indicate that no facet of the proposed expansion will create adverse acoustical conditions
relative to existing sound levels. Based on modeling results, the noise drops off quickly due to pit
depth and berm configuration. Therefore, the proposed expansion will not adversely affect the
acoustical environment outside the property.
- 18 -
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'SKELLY and LOY, Inc.
Near-Field Noise Measurement Data Sheet
Client: MA2.'tIN MAIt.'~lT~ MAiE.ll..\ALS.ltlc.. Noise MeterlD: 6h-50BO ~N 3<105
Location: L<\"("~IAJ..n" b'V~LOl'l'\~N"T tJ~1l \\277 Woob<.CtEE." l)1l\~Factory Calibration Date: _ 4 - If -. 0)
Noise Source: A"'lbIT Co~I't\\'II.lITY 1\\tlISf. Field Calibration Date:_ 'l-J6-03_
Distance:
Date: q - llo - 0 3
Time: 2.:L./5 - 3:05 ?M.
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Sound Level Results
Maximum:
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Download Data File Name: S L 0 I - t.\
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2601 North Front Street
Harrisburg PA, 17110
Ph. 717 232-593
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Location: \('..sl.C."'N>D b~"E.LDPMf.N" ~~4R. \ 1175 Wco1>~v'V blt.lllfFactory Calibration Date:
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Date:
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Site # 5 K 3 Near-Field Noise Measurement Data Sheet
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Sound Level Results
Maximum:
Average: 5. t d BA
Download Data File Name: SLo 3 - L\
PhotoQraph
SKELLY and LOY. Inc.
2601 North Front Street
Harrisburg PA, 17110
Ph. 717 232-593
Site Sketch
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Near-Field Noise Measurement Data Sheet
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Client:/V\A{l't'W MAt.\~T'rA MA't,..rl.\"'LS. 'I."t..
Noise Meter ID:
db- scao SN 3898
~ - 02 - 0.3
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Location: \(.l\JG.',",oob bi."E.UPMbtr ~ \\o~S ~\I~\NC'."tOAl C.OUI.T Factory Calibration Date:
Noise Source: Ah\8\b.rt ~VN ,,.y NoISe. (
Field Calibration Date:
Distance:
Date: <1-lb-03 Notes:
Time: 2: 40 - 3:00 PM
Employee: A:5t> NW
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Sound Level Results
Maximum:
Average: ~
Download Data File Name: ~ l oL.\. 1.\
PhotoQraph
SKELLY and LOY, Inc.
2601 North Front Street
Harrisburg PA, 17110
Ph. 717 232-593
Site Sketch
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Site # BK 5
SKELLY and LOY, Inc.
Near-Field Noise Measurement Data Sheet
Client: M"IlT\~ MAR.I~TTA MATER\ALC;,:t""C.. Noise Meter 10: ..db- 3080 . 5>N 3q '31
Location: \(".)c,S.WOOl':) be."~l.OP""hS'T N~, SoS3 ~T. C."IAI.I.ES t... Factory Calibration Date: "-02 - 0 3
Noise Source: ANlI.It.\'I31' C.Ol'l\,'W\u)o) ,,...... Jl301~t Field Calibration Date: q -l" . 0 3
Distance:
Date: 9- \6 - 03
Time: :2 : So - 3: lOP M
Employee: A'St) J NW
Sound Level Results
Maximum:
Average: 50 d BA
Download Data File Name: .s L 0 5 . 3
PhotoQraph
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Notes:
SKELLY and LOY. Inc.
2601 North Front Street
Harrisburg PA, 17110
Ph. 717 232-593
Site Sketch
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~ Site # X P L Near-Field Noise Measurement Data Sheet
Client: MM'f.\t<J 1V'Al.\f.nA JV\A1Ell\~U. INt.. Noise Meter 10: db- 3080 ~N 38<tS
D Location: SOV't\.le.,,~,.. Lo"~\t. OF \<u"Ca&,,",Ub t>f."ELof'''''!t-a-r Factory Calibration Date: C, # 02. - 0 5
Noise Source: CAki'\l!.L SAtJt> \\..AllJT ()PffVITIOIV S Field Calibration Date: 'l- I (p - 03
o Distance: A"Pfl.r...'-'/II\.A~E.L" c;.z. VAlt.b!. F-~.... \'\\I""'\fo)6ToN to""'i Re:S'~E"'C.l:
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Date: '\ - 110 - 0 3
Time: \ '3,000 - l3: 50
Employee: A:Jb N W
Notes:
Sound Level Results
Maximum:
Average: 48 d B ~
Download Data File Name: SLot - 3
SKELLY and Lay, Inc.
2601 North Front Street
Harrisburg PA.17110
Ph. 717 232-593
Site Sketch
PhotoQraph
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SKELLY and LOY, Inc.
Site # X ~ 2. Near-Field Noise Measurement Data Sheet
Client: MA~l'''' MAQ"",,.AMATU\AI.$. INc.. Noise Meter ID: db- 3080 SN 38'Ho
location: SoOT\( OF \<'lJt'.~t.uOftb b"\lE.LDP"'-M Moll.l.U. Factory Calibration Date: ,,- 02 - 03
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Noise Source: C.AR.M~L SANt>. ?LAto1\ 6~U~T'O~S Field Calibration Date: q - I b - 03
Distance: Am.b'l(,~~'U.Y S.O 'l~Q.M ~ ~E~It)'tJ(,E
Date: q - I b - 03
Time:~i 53 - J 3: 03
Employee: A J 't> I N W
Notes:
Sound level Results
Maximum:
Average: 4.7 d.~A
Download Data File Name: SLO 2 - 3
PhotoQraph
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SKELLY and LOY, Inc.
2601 North Front Street
Harrisburg PA, 17110
Ph. 717 232-593
Site Sketch
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Site # X P 3
SKELL V and LOV, Inc.
Near-Field Noise Measurement Data Sheet
Client: MAR.'T\N MACl\hTA MA\E.R.\/IrI.S, 1.1I>>c.. Noise Meter ID: d.b- 3080 SN 38cn
Location: ~uT~ OF \,(\t.U~lA)bOb bEVELbPMe.tJ,., M\1EU.e.1l Factory Calibration Date: b - 02 - 03
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Noise Source: c.A"~E..L SPeNt> PL.-ANT Op~~A\IONS Field Calibration Date: q - \ 10 - 0 3
Distance: A~'MfIIr"'l'E.LY sO VAll.bS tR.~h\ ltI!.S'bt~c.e
Date:
q-\b-03
t2.; 5.2. -:- \3_= 0 z..
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Time:
. Employee:
Sound Level Results
Maximum:
, Average:_SO dBA
Download Data File Name: S L 0 3 - 3
PhotoQraph
Notes:
SKELLY and LOY, Inc.
2601 North Front Street
Harrisburg PA,17110
Ph. 717 232-593
Site Sketch )
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SKELL V and LOV, Inc.
Near-Field Noise Measurement Data Sheet
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Client: !V\A'i:nM ~~tt.\~iTA MA,-U.\ALS. 1",(,
Location: ~~\ Of \(.\t)M.W611!> bl\lE.LbP"tlllT, M~~u..t It
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Noise Source: C.A~I'I\E.l. SA~b \lUltJ"T O~U.AlIOI'J.s
Distance: APPl\O)C.\MAnL'i 1.\0 '(At.\)S f"oN\ ~~Ii\l>U1C.!
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Date:
Q-\b-03
\3 :00 .. l3 :50
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Time:
Employee:
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Sound Level Results
Maximum:
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Download Data File Name: SLO"\ - 3
PhotoQraph
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Field Calibration Date:
Notes:
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SKELLY and LOY, Inc.
2601 North Front Street
Harrisburg PA, 17110
Ph. 717 232-593
Site Sketch
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SKELL V and LOV, Inc.
Site # &e~('I\ I Near-Field Noise Measurement Data Sheet
Client: MA.~T\~ MARI!:.i1'A MATe~\8L.S ~ :eNe.. Noise Meter ID: db, 3080 SI'l ~8~5
Location: 101' OF BER~ WEST Of CARMeL. SAND PI.~Nl Factory Calibration Date: 6 - 02.: 03
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Noise Source: c.t\ R..ME.L SA>JD Pt.-ANT 0 pe~A(r IO~ S Field Calibration Date: q - I" - 0 3
Distance: f),Pl'ltOlC.\MAT€.LY 5"8 YA~DS fR..Of'\ PI.ANT
Date: q - I (, - 0 :,
Time: \1 :2.0- 1I:.50 A l'I\ .
Employee: A J' l) N W
Sound Level Results
Maximum:
Average: 5L{ dB A.
Download Data File Name: SI.. () \ -
PhotoQraph
Notes:
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SKELLY and LOY, Inc.
2601 North Front Street
Harrisburg PA, 17110
Ph, 717 232-593
Site Sketch
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SKELLY and LOY, Inc.
Site # &~RM 2.. Near-Field Noise Measurement Data Sheet
Client: MA-2.:t\N MARl crT'" MATl!:IlIAl S I I./oJc. Noise Meter ID: db - 3080 $1\\ 3eq~
Location: T13P Of \)E R.M WE.S'I" Or Gc.RMe.L. SArJb Pl..AIJi Factory Calibration Date: _(,~fl):o '5
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Noise Source: C.AltME.L .s~IJJ;> PLAtJ'\' OPG-~TION~ Field Calibration Date: q -Ih - D3
Distance: ApPR.O)(..\MA-T~LV 45S YA~tl$ hOM ?L.AN\
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Date: q - \ (., - O:S
Time: II : 20 - t t : So AM
Employee: A. J b N w
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Notes:
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Sound Level Results
Maximum:
Average: 5 7 d &f.\
Download Data File Name: S L D 2 - \
PhotoQraph
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2601 North Front Street
Harrisburg PA. 17110
Ph. 717 232-593
Site Sketch
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SKELLY and LOY, Inc.
Near-Field Noise Measurement Data Sheet
Noise Meter 10: db - 5080 SN 38q7
6-lJ2:03
~-(b-03
Site # IS e ~f(\ 3
Client: MARTIN MAR\!:. TiA MAT l:1lIALS, 1-",,-,
Location: lOP Or ~ERM. lIVEST OF CAll.M~1.. ~A~t>
Noise Source: C.A2.MI=.L SAN!:> Pt.....~T OP6-RAi1ot-J$
Distance: APl7Ro\<.\lf\ATf,l...,!, 370 'lARDS fRo",?L-Ar.)\
Pl...ArvT
Date:
q. Ib- 03
ll: 2.0 - l\ ; So A: fI\
AJ'D NW
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Notes:
Time:
Employee:
Sound Level Results
Maximum:
Ave'rage: 5 1 d BA
Download Data File Name: SL 03 -
PhotoQraph
Factory Calibration Date:
Field Calibration Date:
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2601 'North Front Street
Harrisburg PA, 17110
Ph. 717 232-593
Site Sketch
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Site # ~H.."" L.\
SKELL V and LOV, Inc.
Near-Field Noise Measurement Data Sheet
Client: MI'I&.TltJ MA-R.Ie.'tfA /'t'IAi~F.\AI..$ ~ INt..
Location: T09 01=- ~E~ I WEST Of CARMEl. ~N!) Pl."",,,
Noise Source: C.AR.N\t.L SAtJt7 P &.AtJT OPMATION$
Distance: A {1PRO'/.\M,,,{'rE.I...'{ 31 ~ \{ "'9-D<' fRo'" Pl-I'!""i'
Date: q - \ b - 03
Time: l\:20 - II: So AM
Employee: A J t> N W
Sound Level Results
Maximum:
Average: C, 0 d .is ~
Download Data File Name: S L 0 4 - I
PhotoQraph
Notes:
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Noise Meter 10: cl..b.. 3090 SN 38ge
Factory Calibration Date: b- 02.-0 3
Field Calibration Date: q - I/o - 0 3
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SKEI.I. Y and LOY, Inc.
2601 North Front Street
Harrisburg PA, 17110
Ph. 717 232-593
Site Sketch
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Site # t~R.J'I\ 5
SKELLY and LOY, Inc.
Near-Field Noise Measurement Data Sheet
Client: MA\2...w') f'I\M.\E..TT'A ~T~R'AL5 I ~rJc.. Noise Meter 10: db - 3090 $1\} 393 7
Location: To? Of ~e..~JI"\ WeS. 01= GA~~'- S'A~ ?4c~r.factory Calibration Date: Co - oZ - 03
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Noise Source: C.A~'y\~L- S,ANt> PI..A-t-JT OPw..E..A'iloN> Field Calibration Date: q-I" - 03
Distance: APt>R.DlI.\/i\"Tt.LV .s2Q '(AI!.~C: h~~ t>"'AN~
Date: q - I b - 0 3
Time: L \ : 20 - 1 t : So A M
Employee: A j 1) N W
Notes:
Sound Level Results
Maximum:
Average: G, I d. BA
Download Data File Name: S LOS - \
PhotoQraph
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2601 North Front Street
Harrisburg PA, 17110
Ph. 717 232-593
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SKELL V and LOV, Inc.
Site # B~R.M Co Near-Field Noise Measurement Data Sheet
Client: M~!l.TIN Mt.\~IE TTA MATf.F.1A-L5 J rNC.. Noise Meter 10: db. 3080 S N 3'103
location: toP o~ 5E:.RN'. ) W~~1'" OF (ARNlU SAN\) ?~... t4T Factory Calibration Date: l\ - ,., - 0 '3
Noise Source: C.A2.N\~L SA",c Pt..At-1T C)PER.,.'-Illt-l S Field Calibration Date: q ~ lG,- 0 3
Distance: APPp..C,Y.\M,.,'-E-L.V 315 YA~ FlZ.oM. ~AwT
Date: q ~ I b - 03
Time: It:.2..0 - (\: 50 AM
Employee: /IJ. ~ 'D l l'~ \III
Notes:
Sound level Results
Maximum:
Average: (p 3> d. B p..,
Download Data File Name: MIA 03 - t
PhotoQraph
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SKELL V and LOV, Inc.
2601 North Front Street
Harrisburg PA,17110
Ph. 717 232-593
Site Sketch
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Site # ~H./'I\ 1
SKELLY and LOY, Inc.
Near-Field Noise Measurement Data Sheet
Client: MAfl.ilt-l MAIt\t1'fA {VvrTt.2\l>.LS., '!-...c...
Location: Top OF BE.~ W~S,. O~ CAcz.ME.L S"tJD PL.AN'\""
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Noise Source: CAltN\'-L SAND P\.A-tJ'I" Dpf.l1......iION$
Distance: ApPRoY.\MA-"~L.,V 438 '(~ttt>S F{Z.()CV\ f...AtJT
Noise MeterlD: J~~308() SN 3~oy
Factory Calibration Date: L.I.... \0 - 03
Field Calibration Date: ,,- Ib - 03
Date:
't- ({,-o3
l\ :2-0- 1\: 50 AM
AJD NW
.
Time:
Employee:
Sound Level Results
Maximum:
AVerage:~
Download Data File Name: MiA 04 - \
PhotoQraph
Notes:
LO\l[) TtJ~i.c.:r NOISE:
SKELLY and LOY, Inc.
2601 North Front Street
Harrisburg PA, 17110
Ph. 717 232-593
Site Sketch
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Site # BElltl\ e
SKELLY and LOY, Inc.
Near-Field Noise Measurement Data Sheet
Client: {V\.AF-TIN MA(~.\{ 1"'r~ M"'i~~'A~... :&.tJ(,.. Noise M~ter 10: ..dh - 3080 SN3gQS
Location: ~1C.~\~b ~tlt"", WEST OfCAjl.~tL. ~~tJ!> P.../tttJT Factory Calibration Date: ~- 02- 03
Noise Source: CA~~e..L ~tJl> PL.A-"'~ {)PEI(.1'\-i'lotJ,$ Field Calibration Date: q,. It,. C> 3
Distance: Aff'i.o'#.\N\D.-rE.L'( 32. A-J.Jt> Yo YAU1~ '3f.l-\\~O ~t.SII>€.I-lC.~.$
Time:
'1-16 - 03
\ 2.. : Jo - '12', JS PM
A:rD. NW
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Notes:
Date:
Employee:
Sound Level Results
Maximum:
Average: 51 dBA
Download Data File Name: SLOt - 2.
PhotoQraph
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2601 North Front Street
Harrisburg PA. 17110
Ph. 717 232-593
Site Sketch
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SKELLY and LOY, Inc.
Site # b6.R.M. <1 Near-Field Noise Measurement Data Sheet
Client: MA~"N M",R.\ETTA MATf$.\AlS, !.Nt.. Noise Meter ID:.db- 3080 $N 38qilL
Location: bEHII'.l!) ~f-Il,M, . WEs, Or CAR~r,l SAtJb l'L.AtJ"f. Factory Calibration Date: ~ - 02- 03
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Noise Source: c.!\ g.fI\~L SAND PLAN' OPE:((.Ai 1 ON.s Field Calibration Date: q - llo - 03
Distance: APPR.o)C.,frlA'T~L"< 40 VA'l..'f>~ g~l\\Nl) Re.SIDE.tJc..eS
Date:
q -[(0- 03
\2:10 - 12: 35 PM
AJI:> Nw
Time:
Employee:
Sound Level Results
Maximum:
Averag~: 57 d &A
Download Data File Name: S L 02 - 2
PhotoQraph
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2601 North Front Street
Harrisburg PA, 17110
Ph. 717 232-593
Site Sketch
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SKELLY and LOY, Inc.
Site # f>~~M to Near-Field Noise Measurement Data Sheet
Client: M~\~ MAR\tTTA M/l.T~~'t>,L5 ,INc-. Noise MeterlD: db -3080
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Location: gH\II\J-t> B~lt.N\ , '^.)E5.T ()~ CAMEl ~IJD PU..rJT
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Noise Source: CA~M.€:..L- SAN l). PLA-"'" (')pe.gATIClN5
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Factory Calibration Date:
Field Calibration Date:
Distance: AI'I'~()'l<.'MATE..LY yo Y~~1)S BtHlr-ll) Rt.~ID~Nc..E.S
Date: q - \ fo - 03
Time: 12: \ 0 - \2: ~ S PM..
Employee: A :s 1> ~ N W
Sound Level Results
Maximum:
Average:-5.5 dBA
Download Data File Name: 5 L 0 3 - 2..
PhotoQraph
51\1 38'17
(;,-02-03
Cf-\(,,-03
Notes:
'I "" S ~c...TS B>ll'l>S A vt>\ 1St-E.
SKELL V and LOV, Inc.
2601 North Front Street
Harrisburg PA, 17110
Ph. 717 232-593
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Site # gE RM. l\ Near-Field Noise Measurement Data Sheet
Client: MM...\It-l M~\E-1T"" MA-Tf.(2.\ALS... :t>Jc., Noise Meter ID: dh - 3080 SN 31398
Location: 'Ml-\\ND l)E.RM/ WEs\ Of. CARM.f.L ~Nt> Pl..ArJT Factory Calibration Date: 0- 02- 03
Noise Source: CAR-ME. L SA Nt>, PLANi Op E..~Al.o r-.lS, Field Calibration Date: q - I b - 03
Distance: APPr-O't..\MA\f.LY L\L\ YA~VS &E.l-\ltJl) R.(~If)fN("f.
Date:
9-16-03
l2:fO- \2:sS PM
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Time:
Employee:
Sound Level Results
Maxi,mum:
Average: 5 B dB A
Download Data File Name: 5 LOll - 2
PhotoQraph
SKELLY and LOY. Inc.
2601 North Front Street
Harrisburg PA, 17110
Ph. 717 232-593
Site Sketch
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Site # ~e.~M. \ 2. Near-Field Noise Measurement Data Sheet
Client: MAR-TIN MftR.\hT.b. fV)A:TER.\I\LS" II'lc:., Noise Meter JD: dh- 3080 SJJ 3937
Location: ~f t\ IND BE.ll.M. , \J0ES,/ OF CARM~L SAN!) ?I..~NT Factory Calibration Date: f.o - 02 - 03
.
"Noise/Source: C.A~M:E..L. $A~ PLANt Ore-RATIONS Field Calibration Date: q - Ib - 03
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Date: Cj - \ Co - 63
Time: \2: I 0 - l2:.>5 P/I\
Employee: AJ'V NW
Notes:
ItJSE.'-TS / Bll\.t>S .btvt>\8lE.
Sound Level Results
Maximum:
Average: 9-\ dBA
Download Data File Name: SlDS - 2.
PhotoQraph
SKELLY and LOY. Inc.
2601 North Front Street
Harrisburg PA, 17110
Ph, 717 232-593
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Site # E>e.~ t 3 Near-Field Noise Measurement Data Sheet
Client: MAll'TUJ MAIl\t1TA MATER1AL.S .1Nc.. Noise Meter 10: db. 3090 Sf\l 3~o 3
Location: ilf.lo\,foJt) ~eltM. 'vJ~ST OF CA~E.l.. Slltw\) t>I.A~T Factory Calibration Date: 4 - If - 0 3
.
Noise Source: CA~h S~~h PLANT OPUAT10i'JS Field Calibration Date: '1 ~ I b - 03
Distance: Awu.", NI./tr'T.! LY 2P> YAItM Bf:J.t'Nt> R'-SU)'wC.e
Date: . q - \ 10 - C> 3
Time: 12: (D - \ 2 : 35 PM
Employee: A:r 'D I N W
Notes:
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Sound Level Results
Maximum:
Average: SS d BA.
Download Data File Name: MTA 03 - 2.
PhotoQraph
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2601 North Front Street
Harrisburg PA, 17110
Ph. 717 232-593
Site Sketch
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SKELLY and LOY, Inc.
Near-Field Noise Measurement Data Sheet
Client: MAlt,.,~ MAa.\~1TA ~,It\~l$~ :r."'c..
Location: ~~lotltJ1) ~E.R.N\ I WEe::!, Of. URAEL SA~b PL~IITT'
Noise Source: LAR.I"\t;.L SAN1> PLAtoJT CPER,A'r'ot.,)S
Distance: APrItD'lC.IMA,,.ELY 3" At..!" 2.0'(AtDS !>f~"'ll> R.E.Sl\)E~C.ES
Ci-lb-03
Time: l2; ID - 12: 35 PM
Employee: . A J D N \N
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Factory c:al,ibration Date:
Field Calibration Date:
Date:
Notes:
IN5E.c.TS J BIR..'t>S AVJ>\lLC
Sound Level Results
Maximum:
Average:
5" df>A
PhotoQraph
SKELLY and LOY, Inc.
2601 North Front Street
Harrisburg PA, 17110
Ph. 717 232-593
Site Sketch L---J
Download Data File Name: f'/\i 1\ 0 Ll - 2...
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Near-Field Noise Measurement Data Sheet
Client: MAIlTlIll MAR\t'TTA MAThR\ALS IIIIe:.. Noise Meter ID: RION 1\Co.-2Qe,. 5N to-,c,OOI41
.
Location: NO@..T~ I",~ IANA?OL.I S P\..ANr Factory Calibration Date:
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Distance:
Employee:
Date:
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Q-ll-03
Notes:
Time:
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SKELLY and LOY, Inc.
Near-Field Noise Measurement Data Sheet
Client: M#\ll.llt.J MMI..I~TTA. MA~""IALS . t.~.
Location: NOlI..l"toI t"'b\A.J^9oLIS PLAtJ1"
Noise Source: hVH\lUTotJE I':1..QOO(; L.oAb~R
Noise MeterlD: RION l\o...-2'le. St.\ [07~OO't2.
Factory Calibration Date:
Field Calibration Date: --.i: I? - 0 3
Distance:
50 '
C\-1l-03
Notes:
Date:
Time:
Employee: A J biN W
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SKELLY and LaY, Inc.
2601 North Front Street
Harrisburg PA. 17110
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SKELLY and LOY, Inc.
Near-Field Noise Measurement Data Sheet
Client: N\,"R:nN N\A.Q.\i.Tf A M"'fe.R.\~\.5 tt.lc.. Noise Meter 10: .\l\ON "DL. 2tre
.
Location: C.AIlII\EL SA"'n. & GR~"EL tLAtoJ\
Noise Source: C~R./l\t!.L P\.ANT (C.~US.folllllc"/Sc."l"""~' ToweR.)
SN lo,qoo&.{2..
factory Calibration Date:
Field Calibration Date: --.9 - I '7 - 03
. Distance: 50 I tAS,T Of Tow'F.
Date: q - 11 - 0 3
Notes:
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Employee:
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SKELLY and LOY, Inc.
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Near-Field Noise Measurement Data Sheet
Client: MAtt.,.,,,, MAR..IUt'A MAT!II..IAL~ 1Jo)(.
Location: C.All"'''\.. SANb & (.,1tA.\lE.L \>",ANT
Noise Source: C.AIllW\G.l Y\.~NT <CllV~"'\~(" I SUUN IN6 TowU.)
Distance:
100' - EA~" OF Towe.R
Q-ll-03
Notes:
Date:
Time:
Employee:
AJ'l>
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Noise Meter 10: Q.ICN nc.... ltle.. ~II\ loTI DOL{ 2..
Factory Calibration Date:
Field Calibration Date:
Q-\l-03
SLOW > Min > Max SKELLY and LOY, Inc.
FAST > Min > Max 2601 North Front Street
IMPULSE > Min > Max Harrisburg PA, 17110
LEQ SEL Peak
Ph. 717 232-593
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Near-Field Noise Measurement Data Sheet
Client: MAl2.TIN M~IlIETTA MA'fi"'ALS .'ItoIC.. Noise Meter ID: R\Ol\\ t'A "2q~ SN lo,qoo&.\2.
Location: CAIlM'-L ~AWt> & c;"A"~L Pl.At.ST Factory Calibration Date:
Noise Source: tAll/'l\e.1. PLAtoJT (CR.JJ~H.\N"I SC.R.Ee.NINC, Towe" ) Field Calibration Date: ~ -11- 03
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SKELLY and LOY, Inc.
2601 North Front Street
Harrisburg PA, 17110
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SKELL V and LOV, Inc.
Near-Field Noise Measurement Data Sheet
Client: MART"" IV\A.Q.I~"TA. MAT&.lhALS t.NC..
.
Noise MeterID:~Ndqe.. SN lOl'loO~2.
Location: C.ARM.!; L $.A..sb ~ t;R.A:ve.L PLAt-Ir
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Factory Calibration Date:
Field Calibration Date:
q-\l- 03
Distance: \ 00 I ~ 1'lo(t.l'~ Or. T OvJ&R.
Date: C\ - \'- 0 5
Notes:
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Employee:
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SKELLY and LOY, Inc.
2601 North Front Street
Harrisburg PA, 17110 .
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SKELLY and LOY, Inc.
2601 North Front Street
Harrisburg P A, 17110
Ph. 717 232-0593
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Factory Calibration Date: 7 . tjY5; , ~.?
Field Calibration Date: I 2 p i [, . Oyc;
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2601 North Front Street
Harrisburg PA, 17110
Ph, 717 232-0593
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" ." .,., .A~P:ENDIXB-,
ENVIRONMENTAL. NOISi: .M'9.0E~
(ENlVltFILI;S -
Contour Calculation
Ll
File Name: sth_sand.sc2
Durce No & Title: 1 Mueller Property South S&G 25% Only
'ilURCES: 2 ~
~:\ENM\MUELLER\SOURCE-1 \S GPLANT
! C:\ENM\MUELLER\SOURCE-1 \SOUTH25%
I WCTIONS: 0
UPS: 2
C:\ENM\MUELLER\MAPSME-1 \ENMBAS-1.MAP
\l:\ENM\MUELLER\MAPSME-1 \STH25%_M.MAP
~Iculation model = ENM
nmperature(deg 0, 12.8
Umidity (%) = 65
Wind Vel (m/s) =
~A'~d Dir (deg) =
wrad(deg C/100rDt 1
Contour calculation distance:
G255 255 1407
2136
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i :::ontour Calculation
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File Name: sth_sand.sc2
. Sflurce No & Title: 2 Mueller Property South S&G 50% Only
'~URCES: 2 ~
~:\ENM\MUELLER\SOURCE-1\S GPLANT
C:\ENM\MUELLER\SOURCE-nSTH SG50
UTIONS: 0 -
UPS: 2
C:\ENM\MUELLER\MAPSME-1\ENMBAS-1.MAP
;l:\ENM\MUELLER\MAPSME-1 \STHSG50%.MAP
~Iculation model = ENM
nmperature(deg ot 12.8
. ~midity (%) = 65
Wind Vel (m/s) =
\1I.'1nd Dir (deg) =
Vrad(deg C/100mt 1
Contour calculation distance:
055 255 1407
2136
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I nntour Calculation
I file Name: sth_sand.sc2
{Jurce No & Title: 3 Mueller Property South S&G 75% Only
OlURCES: 2 ~
Y:\ENM\MUELLER\SOURCE-1\S GPLANT
\1:\ENM\MUELLER\SOURCE-1 \STH_ SG75
!.lcTIONS: 0
UPS: 2
C:\ENM\MUELLER\MAPSME-1\ENMBAS-1.MAP
n:\ENM\MUELLER\MAPSME-1 \STHSG75.MAP
~Iculation model = ENM
{lmperature(deg at 12.8
~midity (%) = 65
Wind Vel (m/s) =
rrd Dir (deg) =
~rad(deg C/100"", 1
Contour calculation distance:
055 255 1407
2136
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Contour Calculation
U
File Name: sth_sand.sc2
~Jurce No & Title: 4 Mueller Property South S&G 100% Only
~URCES: 2 ~
~:\ENM\MUELLER\SOURCE-1\S~
iCi\ENM\MUELLER\SOURCE-1 \STHSG1 00
!MCTIONS: 0
'~PS: 2
C:\ENM\MUELLER\MAPSME-1\ENMBAS-1.MAP
O:\ENM\MUELLER\MAPSME-1 \STHSG1 OO.MAP
Calculation model = ENM
nmperature(deg at 12.8
~midity (%) = 65
Wind Vel (m/s) =
~".'ind Oir (deg) =
tJrad(deg C/100mt 1
Contour calculation distance:
055 255 1407
2136
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'GLO~SARY'QFJ.\COiU~STICALTERIVIS>
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GLOSSARY OF ACOUSTICAL TERMS
Source: Cowan, James P. 1994. Handbook of Environmental Acoustics. New York: Von
Nestrond Reinhold.
Absorption Coefficient (x) - the dimensionless ratio of absorbed to incident sound energy from
a single interaction between a sound wave and a partition. Values range from 0 to 1.
Absorption (Sound) - the product of absorption coefficient and surface area of a material, in units
of sabins, used to designate the amount of sound absorbed by that material.
Acoustics - the science or study of sound.
Acoustic Trauma - the physical destruction of the inner ear hearing organs resulting from
exposure to peak sound pressure levels greater than 140 dB. Acoustic trauma normally results in
permanent hearing loss.
Active Noise Control - the cancellation of sound waves by introducing a minor impact (1800 out
of phase) of the original sound wave to the sound path.
Ambient Noise Level- the total noise level in the acoustic environment, usually including the noise
source of interest.
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) - a VOluntary federation of United States
organizations concerned with the development of standards. ANSI standards are drafted by
committees of industry experts and published only after board review and determination of national
consensus.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) - A voluntary federation of the United States
organizations concerned with the development of standard testing methods. ASTM standards are
drafted by committees of industry experts and published only after determination of national
consensus.
Anechoic Chamber - a room having terminations (walls, floor, and ceiling) that absorb all sound
incident on them; used in laboratories to measure direct sound fields from sources.
Attenuation - reduction in level.
A-Weighting - electronic filtering in sound level meters that models human hearing frequency
sensitivity.
Background Noise Level- the noise level in the acoustic environment, usually excluding the noise
source of interest.
Bandwidth (BW) - the frequency range of maximum flat filter response in an instrument, the upper
and lower frequency limits of which occur where the response drops off by 3 dB.
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Broadband Spectrum - an SPL vs. frequency plot having no discrete frequency dominance or
peaks, varying smoothly with frequency.
Calibration - using an instrument emitting an accepted SPL and frequency as a reference for
ensuring that the monitoring instruments provide reliable results.
Coincidence Frequency - the bending wave resonance frequency of a partition, dependent on the
material and thickness, that causes a reduction in TL effectiveness in a narrow frequency range
around it.
Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL) - a 24-h continuous Leq with 5 dBA added to levels
occurring between 7:00 P.M. and 7:00 A.M. The added values are used to account for added
sensitivity during evening and typical nighttime sleeping hours.
Continuous Sound - sound having a steady, nonimpulsive nature.
Coverage Angle (C<) - the angle with respect to the front side of a loudspeaker between locations
at which the emitted sound level sensitivity drops off by 6 dB.
Critical Frequency - the frequency at which coincidence frequency effects begin to be noticed for
a partition.
C-Weighting - electronic filtering in sound level meters that models a flat response (output equals
input) over the range of maximum human hearing sensitivity..
Day-Evening-Night Sound Level (Lden) - the same as CNEL.
Day-Night Sound Level (Ldn or DNL) - a 24-hour continuous Leq with 10 dBA added to levels
occurring between 10:00 P.M. and 7:00 A.M. to account for greater sensitivity during typical
sleeping hours.
dBA - A-weighted unit of sound pressure level.
dBC - C-weighted unit of sound pressure level.
Decibel (dB) - a unit of sound level implying ten multiplied by a logarithmic ratio of power or some
quantity proportional to power. The logarithm is to the base ten.
Diffraction - the act of sound waves traveling around barriers, especially pronounced when the
sound wavelength size is comparable to or greater than the dimensions of the barriers.
Diffuse Field - area within a room where SPLs do not vary significantly with location. Diffuse fields
are caused by reverberation.
Diffusion - the act of found waves spreading out over a wide area after reflecting off of a convex
or uneven surface.
Direct Field - area where the sound measured can be attributed to the source alone without effects
of reflections off of walls or obstructions.
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Directivity - the spherical coverage angle characteristics of a source.
Directivity Factor (Q) - the ratio of the intensity of a sound source near large reflective surfaces
to the intensity when radiating into open space.
Directivity Index (D) - 10 x 10g(Q), the amount added to the SPL of a spherically radiating source
when placed near large reflective surfaces causing the directivity factor used.
Echo - the perception of two distinct sounds resulting from the difference in arrival times of sound
waves traveling over different paths but originating from a single source.
Effective Perceived Noise Level (EPNL) - a rating method used by the FAA for certifying aircraft
in terms of the annoyance of aircraft f1yovers (in units of EPNdB).
Equivalent Sound Level (Leq) - a SPL that, if constant over a specified time period, would contain
the same sound energy as the actual sound that varies in level with time. The reference time
period is usually specified in terms of hours in parentheses (e.g., Leq(l) refers to a 1-h Leq value).
Exchange Rate - the dBA level associated with a change of noise exposure duration by a factor
of two.
Far Field - area outside of the near field, where measurements can be reproduced with
consistency.
Field Impact Insulation Class (FIIC) - an IIC rating using values measured in actual installations
rather than in a laboratory.
Field Sound Transmission Class (FSTC) - a STC rating using values measured in actual
installations rather than in a laboratory.
Free Field - area having no obstructions or reflective surfaces in the sound propagation path.
Frequency (f) - the rate, in hertz (cycles per second), at which periodic (sinusoidal) acoustic
pressure oscillations occur. Frequency is interpreted subjectively as pitch. Humans can hear
sounds having frequencies between 20 and 20,000 Hz.
Fresnel Number (N) - used in partial barrier analysis, a value defined in acoustic diffraction theory
and based on the locations of a source, receiver, and the top of a barrier.
Fundamental Frequency - the lowest resonance frequency of a system.
Harmonic - a positive integer multiple of the fundamental acoustic resonance frequency, including
the fundamental. The first harmonic corresponds to the fundamental and the second harmonic
corresponds to the first overtone.
Hearing Protection Device (HPD) - a device, typically either a muff or plug, that covers the ear
canal to reduce noise levels before the sound enters the hearing mechanism.
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Helmholtz Resonator - also known as a volume resonator, a device having a small opening
leading to a larger volume of air used to amplify or absorb sound frequencies covering a limited
range.
Impact Insulation Class (IIC) - a single number rating system for the sound attenuation
effectiveness of floor-ceiling assemblies on impact noises, in which SPLs measured from using a
tapping machine are matched to a standard curve. lie measurements are performed in laboratory-
type environments.
Impedance (Acoustic) - the ability of a medium to restrict the flow of acoustic energy, related to
the cross-sectional area of the propagation path. When the acoustic impedance of a new medium
is the same as that of the first medium, acoustic energy flows through unabated; when there is a
change in impedance between media, there is an impedance mismatch and energy flow is
restricted.
Impulsive Sounds - sounds that last less than 1 s having a sudden start and end.
Infrasound - sound waves having dominant frequency components below 20 Hz, the lower
frequency limit of human hearing sensitivity.
Insertion Loss (IL) - the difference, in decibels, between the SPL before and after a sound-
attenuating device is placed in the path between the source and receiver.
Inverse Square Law - the condition in open spherical wave sound propagation from a point source
in which intensity drops off as the reciprocal of the square of the distance from the source. This
translates to the ideal condition that SPL drops off at a rate of 6 dB per doubling of distance from
the source.
Line Source - a sound source composed of many point sources in a defined line, such as a steady
stream of traffic on a highway or a long train.
Mass Law - a relationship that relates a doubling in mass or frequency to a 6-dB increase in TL
for a homogeneous partition over a specific frequency range.
Narrow Band Analyzer - a spectrum analyzer that measures sound levels in terms of frequency
bands smaller than octave bands.
Near Field - area, closed to a sound source, where sound measurements fluctuate dramatically.
Noise - unwanted sound.
Noise Abatement Criteria (NAC) - noise level limits, in terms of Leq(l) or L10(1)t promulgated by
Federal Highway Administration regulations for vehicular traffic noise generated by the construction
of new highways or the expansion of existing ones.
Noise Isolation Class (NIC) - a single number rating of the sound attenuation effectiveness of a
partition based on matching NRTL values to a standard curve.
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Noise Level Reduction (NLR) - the outdoor-to-indoor attenuation of noise levels afforded by the
exterior wall of a building. The NLR is used only in FAA mitigation recommendations.
Noise Reduction (NR) - the reduction of sound level within a room caused by adding absorptive
material to the room).
Noise Reduction (NRTL) - a measure of the sound attenuation effectiveness of a partition, the
difference between average SPLs in two rooms with a noise source of interest in one of the rooms.
Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC) - a single number rating system for absorption coefficients
over the speech frequency range. The NRC is defined mathematically as the arithmetic average
of the absorption coefficients at 250, 500, 1000, and 2,000 Hz.
Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) - a rating, in decibels, of the effectiveness of HPDs on reducing
noise levels reaching the hearing mechanism.
Noise-Sensitive Location - a defined area where human activity may be adversely affected when
noise levels exceed predefined thresholds of acceptability or when levels increase by predefined
thresholds of change.
Octave Band - a frequency band whose upper limit is twice the lower limit and is identified by a
geometric mean frequency called the center frequency. Standard octave band center frequencies
are defined in ANSI Standard S1.6-1984.
Octave Band Analyzer - an instrument that measures sound levels in terms of octave bands.
Omnidirectional Source - a source that emits equal amounts of energy in all directions,
generating spherical waves.
Outdoor-Indoor Transmission Class (OITC) - an A-weighted rating of the sound reduction
effectiveness of a partition that separates an indoor from an outdoor environment.
Overtone - a positive integer multiple of a fundamental acoustic resonance frequency, beginning
at twice the fundamental.
Passenger Car Equivalent (PCE) - a unit used in traffic studies to account for the fact that trucks
emit higher noise levels than cars.
Percent Highly Annoyed (%HA) - parameter used to rate annoyance against Ldn noise levels.
Percentile Levels - (Ln 0 < n < 100) the percentage of observation time that a certain SPL has
been exceeded. For example, LlO corresponds to the SPL exceeded 10% of the observation time.
The observation time is usually specified in terms of hours in parentheses (e.g., L10(1) refers to a
1-h LlO value).
Point Source - a source whose dimensions are small compared with propagation distances
described in reference to it.
Presbycusis - hearing loss attributed to the aging process.
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Pure Tone - a sound dominated by energy in a single frequency.
Reflection - the act of sound bouncing off of a partition, usually occurring from smooth, hard
surfaces.
Refraction - the act of sound waves bending or changing propagation direction as they travel from
one medium or medium condition (such as temperature, density, humidity, or wind current) into
another.
Resonance (Acoustic or Room) - the generation of standing waves within a space at specific
frequencies that correlate certain fractions of wavelengths and integer multiples of them with the
dimensions of the space.
Resonance (Mechanical) - an increase in response of a material at a specific frequency that is
dependent on the physical characteristics of the material.
Reverberant Field - same as diffuse field.
Reverberation - the amplification of sound within an enclosed space caused by multiple reflections
off reflective terminations (Le., walls, ceilings, floors, or obstacles) of the room.
Reverberation Chamber - a room having terminations (walls, floor, and ceiling) that reflect all
sound incident on them; used in laboratories to set up diffuse sound fields from sources.
Reverberation Time (RT60 or T60) - the time, in seconds, that it takes for the SPL in a room to
decrease by 60 dB after a sound source (emitting levels more than 60 dB above the background
level) has stopped emitting sound.
Shadow Zone - an area below which sound waves have bent upward because of atmospheric
conditions. In such areas, a distant sound source would not be as loud as expected.
Sociocusis - hearing loss attributed to nonoccupational environmental factors.
Sound Concentration - the focusing of sound waves caused by reflections from concave surfaces
or any other surface that causes sound waves to focus at a particular location.
Sound Exposure Level (SEL) - a rating, in decibels, of a discrete event, such as an aircraft flyover
or train passby, that compresses the total sound energy of the event into a 1-s time period.
Sound Intensity - a quantity that describes sound in terms of both magnitude and direction of
propagation.
Sound Level Meter (SLM) - an instrument used to measure sound pressure levels.
Sound Power Level (Lw) - 10 x 10g(W/Wrel), where W = power and Wrtel = 10 X 10.12 W.
Sound Pressure Level (SPL or Lp) - 20 x 10g(P/Prel), where p = root mean square acoustic
pressure and Plel = 2 x 10.5 N/M2. Prel corresponds to the pressure at the threshold of hearing.
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Sound Transmission Class (STC) - a single number rating for a TL spectrum of a partition
matched to a standard curve. STC measurements are performed in laboratory-type environments.
Spectrum - a graphical representation of sound level versus frequency.
Spectrum Analyzer - a device that measures and manipulates spectra, available in many
bandwidth possibilities. Octave band analyzers are the most common types of spectrum analyzers.
Speech Interference Level (SIL) a single number rating for speech intelligibility, the arithmetic
average of SPLs in the 500-, 1,000-, 2,000-, and 4,000-Hz octave bands.
Standard Threshold Shift (STS) - an average loss of 10 dB in hearing ability at 2,000, 3,000, and
4,000 Hz, on a temporary basis, caused by high-level noise exposure; also known as temporary
threshold shift (TIS).
Threshold of Hearing (0 dBA) - the SPL blow which sound cannot be heard by the average
person with a healthy hearing mechanism.
Threshold of Pain (120 dBA) - the SPL over which sound causes physical pain to the average
listener's ears.
Time-Weighted Average (TWA) - a noise exposure rating in dBA based on a 8-h Leq with a 5-dBA
exchange rate for OSHA compliance.
Tinnitus- a ringing or buzzing sound heard by an individual when the source of that sound is a
medical abnormality or over-extension in th auditory system.
Transducer - a device that transforms energy from one form into another.
Tansmissibility - used in vibration analysis, the ratio of output to input energy transmitted from a
vibrating source to another material.
Transmission Coefficient (t) - the dimensionless ratio of transmitted to incident sound energy
from a single interaction between a sound wave and a partition. Values range from 0 to 1.
Transmission Loss (TL) - a measure of the sound attenuation effectiveness of a partition, in units
of decibels.
Ultrasound - sound waves having dominant frequency components above 20,000 Hz, the upper
frequency limit of human hearing sensitivity.
Wavelength (w) - the distance between successive repeating portions of a pure tone sound wave.