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REGULA TED EXPLOSIVES; USE AND LICENSURE
(2) paid a fee in the amount of three hundred fifty dollars ($350).
(b) A licensed use permit expires three (3) years from the date it was issued by the office ofthe state fire marshal.
(c) To renew licensure, a person shall:
(I) submit an application on a form approved by the office of the state fire marshal;
(2) pay a fee in the amount of three hundred fifty dollars ($350);
(3) accrue a minimum of eight (8) hours per year of continuing education in one (I) or more ofthe subjects listed in section
3(a) of this rule. For purposes of this subsection, "per year" means each of three (3) twelve (12) calendar month periods,
beginning on the date that applicant received initial licensure under this section. For purposes ofthis subsection, the continuing
education requirements shall be completed by an officer, partner, or manager of a person who is:
(A) a partnership;
(B) a copartnership;
(C) a company;
(D) a corporation;
(E) a limited liability company; or
(F) an association; and
(4) submit evidence of compliance with the continuing education requirements contained in subdivision (3).
(Fire Prevention and Building Sqfety Commission; 675 lAC 26-2-6;jiled Sep 21,2005,1:30 p.m.: 291R 492, ejJDec 1,2005)
675 lAC 26-2-7 Orders, sanctions, and appeals
Authority: IC 22-11-14.5-3; IC 22-13; IC 35-47.5-4-4.5
Affected: IC 4-21.5-3; IC 22-12-7-7; IC 35-47-1-5; IC 35-47.5-2-13; IC 35-47.5-5-11
Sec. 7. (a) The office of the state fire marshal may enforce the provisions of this rule through the issuance of administrative
orders under IC 22-12-7.
(b) Orders issued under subsection (a) may include corrective actions or sanctions in accordance with IC 22-
12-7-7.
(c) Any person aggrieved by an order issued by the office ofthe state fire marshal may petition for administrative review under
IC 22-12-7 and IC 4-21.5-3. (Fire Prevention and Building Safety Commission; 675 lAC 26-2-7;jiled Sep 21,2005,1:30 p.m.: 29
lR 492, ejJDec 1,2005)
BUle 3. Use Requirements ]
:75 lAC 26-3-1 Adoption ofNFPA 495; Explosive Materials Code
Authority: IC 22-11-14.5-3; IC 22-13; IC 35-47.5-4-4.5
Affected: IC 35-47-1-5; IC 35-47.5-5-11
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Sec. 1. (a) That certain document, being titled the NFPA 495, Explosive Materials Code, 2001 edition, published by the
National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, Massachusetts 02269, is hereby incorporated by reference as
if fully set out in this rule save and except those revisions made in this rule.
(b) This rule is available for reference and review at the Fire and Building Services Department, Indiana Government Center-
South, 402 West Washington Street, W246, Indianapolis, Indiana 46204.
(c) Delete Chapter 1 in its entirety.
(d) Delete Chapter 2 in its entirety.
(e) Amend Section 3.3.7 to read as follows: Blaster means a licensed regulated explosive use-blaster.
(t) Add Section 3.3.45.1 to read as follows: Regulated explosive has the meaning set forth in IC 35-47.5-2-13.
(g) Add Section 3.3.55.1 to read as follows: Stemming means the inert material, such as drill cuttings or crushed stone, used
in a blasthole to confine the gaseous products of detonation.
(h) Add Section 3.3.55.2 to read as follows: Tamping means the process of compressing the stemming or regulated explosive
in a blasthole.
(i) Delete Section 4.1 in its entirety.
(j) Amend Section 4.2.1 to read as follows: No person shall take possession of explosive materials for the purpose of detonation
Indiana Administrative Code
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REGULATED EXPLOSIVES; USE AND LICENSURE
under the person's direction or control without first obtaining a licensed regulated explosive use-operator license.
(k) Add Section 4.2.1.1 to read as follows: The loading and firing of explosive materials shall be conducted only under the
control of a licensed regulated explosive use-blaster.
(1) Amend Section 4.2.3 to read as follows: Every licensed regulated explosive use-operator and every licensed regulated
explosive use-blaster shall be responsible for the results and consequences of any loading or firing of explosive materials. All loading
and firing shall be supervised and performed by a licensed regulated explosive use-blaster.
(m) Delete Section 4.3 in its entirety.
(n) Delete Section 4.4 in its entirety.
(0) Delete Section 4.5 in its entirety.
(P) Delete Section 4.6 in its entirety.
(q) Delete Section 4.7 in its entirety.
(r) Amend Section 4.8.1 to read as follows: A licensed regulated explosive use-operator shall keep a record of all transactions
or operations involving explosive materials.
(s) Delete Section 4.8.2 in its entirety.
(t) Amend Section 4.8.3 to read as follows: A licensed regulated explosive use-operator shall keep a daily record of all
explosive materials received and fired or otherwise disposed of by the licensed regulated explosive use-operator.
(u) Add Section 4.8.3.1 to read as follows: A record of each blast shall be kept. All such records shall contain at least the
following data:
(I) The name ofthe licensed regulated explosive use-operator.
(2) The exact location of the blast, with date and time of detonation.
(3) The name, signature, and license number of the licensed regulated explosive use-blaster on site at the blast.
(4) The type of material blasted.
(5) The number of holes, burden, and spacing.
(6) The diameter and depth of holes.
(7) The types of explosives used.
(8) The total amount of explosives used, in pounds.
(9) The maximum weight of explosives per delay period of eight (8) milliseconds or greater.
(10) The method of firing and type of circuit.
(11) The direction, distance in feet, and identification of the nearest Class 1 or Class 2 structure that is neither owned nor
operated by the entity in subdivision (1) or (3).
(12) The weather conditions.
(13) The type and height or length of stemming.
(14) A statement as to whether mats or other protections against flyrock were used.
(15) The type of detonators used and delay periods used.
(16) Seismograph readings, where required, shall accurately indicate the exact location of the seismograph and the distance
from the seismograph to the blast. The seismograph shall create a visually inspectable Cartesian presentation of all three (3)
mutually perpendicular vibration traces and one (1) acoustic channel versus time, and having both vertical and horizontal
scaling factors.
(17) Seismograph records, where used, shall include the following:
(A) The name of the person analyzing the seismographic record.
(B) The seismograph reading.
(18) The maximum number of charges within any period of eight (8) milliseconds.
(19) A sketch of the blast pattern, including the number of holes, burden and spacing delay pattern, and a hole profile.
(v) Amend Section 4.8.4 to read as follows: A licensed regulated explosive use-operator shall notify the office ofthe state fire
marshal of any change in address.
(w) Amend Section 4.8.5 to read as follows: A licensed regulated explosive use-operator shall notify the office of the state
fire marshal of the loss, theft, or unlawful removal of explosive materials within twenty-four (24) hours.
(x) Delete Chapter 5 in its entirety.
(y) Delete Chapter 6 in its entirety.
(z) Delete Chapter 7 in its entirety.
(aa) Delete Chapter 8 in its entirety.
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REGULATED EXPLOSIVES; USE AND LICENSURE
(bb) Amend Section 9.1.1 to read as follows: All licensed regulated explosive use-blasters and licensed regulated explosive
use-operators shall comply with all applicable federal and state laws with respect to the sale, possession, storage, and use of explosive
materials.
(cc) Delete Section 9.1.2 in its entirety.
(dd) Amend Section 9.1.3 to read as follows: Explosive materials shall be used only by individuals who are under the direct,
on-site supervision of a licensed regulated explosive use-blaster.
(ee) Amend Section 9.1.3.1 to read as follows: Loading and firing shall be performed or supervised directly by a licensed
regulated explosive use-blaster who is present at the blast site.
(fl) Amend Section 9.1.3.2 to read as follows: Trainees, helpers, and other individuals who are not licensed regulated explosive
use-blasters shall work only under the direct, on-site supervision of a licensed regulated explosive use-blaster.
(gg) Amend Section 9.1.4.3 to read as follows: No individual within fifty (50) feet of any location where explosives are being
handled or used shall carry any matches, open light, other fire or flame, or firearms (as defined in IC 35-47-1-5).
(hh) Amend Section 9.1.5 to substitute "individual" for "person".
(ii) Delete Section 9.1.8 in its entirety.
(jj) Delete Section 9.1.9 in its entirety.
(kk) Delete Section 9.1.10 in its entirety.
(ll) Delete Section 9.1.11 in its entirety.
(mm) Amend Section 9.1.12 to read as follows: Where blasting is done in a congested area or in close proximity to a structure,
railway, highway, or any other installation that could be affected, special precautions shall be taken.
(nn) Amend Section 9.1.13 to read as follows: Individuals authorized to prepare explosive charges and licensed blasters shall
use every reasonable precaution to ensure the safety of the general public and workers.
(00) Amend Section 9.1.15 to read as follows: Where blasting is conducted in the vicinity of utility lines or rights-of-way, the
licensed regulated explosive use-operator shall notify the appropriate representatives of the utilities at least twenty-four (24) hours
in advance ofblasting, specifying the location and the intended time of such blasting. Verbal notice shall be confirmed with written
notice.
(Pp) Amend Section 9.1.15 to delete the exception.
(qq) Amend Section 9.1.16 to delete items (I) and (2).
(rr) Amend the heading for Section 9.2 to read as follows: Blasthole loading.
(ss) Amend Section 9.3.5 to read as follows: All electric blasting circuits and other initiating systems whose continuity can
be tested shall be tested with a blasting galvanometer or other blast continuity test instrument as recommended by the product
manufacturer. All electrically initiated blasts shall be made by using blasting machines suitable for the circuitry being fired.
(tt) Amend Section 9.5.4 to read as follows: Where there are misfires using cap and fuse, all personnel shall stay clear of the
blast site for at least thirty (30) minutes.
(uu) Amend Section 9.5.5 to read as follows: Where there are misfires using other nonelectric detonators, that is, other than
cap and fuse, all personnel shall stay clear of the blast site for at least fifteen (15) minutes, and, where there are misfires using electric
detonators, all personnel shall stay clear ofthe blast site for at least thirty (30) minutes.
(vv) Amend Section 9.5.6 to read as follows: Misfires shall be the responsibility ofthe licensed regulated explosive use-blaster
in charge ofthe blasting operation.
(ww) Amend Section 9.6.3 to read as follows: All explosive materials that are obviously deteriorated or damaged shall not
be used and shall be destroyed in accordance with the manufacturer's guidelines or instructions.
(xx) Amend Section lO.!.1 to read as follows: At all blasting operations, the maximum ground vibration at any dwelling, public
building, school, church, or commercial or institutional building adjacent to the blasting site shall not exceed the limitations specified
in Table 10.1.1 and Table I 0.1.2(b) unless the license use permittee has a written waiver from the property owner.
(yy) Amend Table 10.1.1 to read as follows:
Table lO.l.l Peak Particle Velocity Limits
Distance from Blasting Site Maximum Allowable Peak Particle Velocity
m ft mm/s in.ls
all distances all distances 25.4 1.00
(zz) Amend Section 10.1.2 to read as follows: In lieu of Table 10.1.1, a licensed regulated explosive use-operator shall have
the option to use the graph shown in Figure 1 0.1.2(b) to limit peak particle velocity based upon the frequency ofthe blast vibration.
(aaa) Delete Figure lO.1.2(a) in its entirety.
Indiana Administrative Code
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REGULATED EXPLOSIVES; USE AND LICENSURE
(bbb) Amend Section 10.1.3 to read as follows: Unless a licensed regulated explosive use-operator uses a seismograph to
monitor a blast to ensure compliance with Table 10.1.1 or Figure 10.1.2(a), the licensed regulated explosive use-operator shall
comply with the scaled distance equations shown in Table 10.1.3.
(ccc) Amend Table 10.1.3 to read as follows:
Table 10.1.3 Scaled Distance Equations
Distance from Blasting Site Scaled Distance* Equation
All distances W(lb) = [D(ft)/6W
{W(kg) = [D(m)/27.15]2}
W equals the maximum weight of regulated explosives in pounds (or kilograms) that can be detonated per delay interval of 8
milliseconds or longer.
D equals the distance in feet (or meters) from the blast to the nearest dwelling, public building, school, church, or commercial or
institutional building not owned, leased, or contracted by the licensed regulated explosive use-operator, or on property for which
the owner has not provided a written waiver to the licensed regulated explosive use-operator.
*To convert English units of scaled distances (ft/lb2) to metric units (m/kg2), divide by a factor of 2.21.
(ddd) Amend Section 10.1.4 to read as follows: Where the licensed regulated explosive use-operator is using scaled distance
equations, the office of the state fire marshal may require seismographic monitoring of shots.
(eee) Amend Section 10.2.1 to read as follows: Airblast at the locations of any dwelling, public building, school, church, or
commercial or institutional building not owned, leased, or contracted by the licensed regulated explosive use-operator, or on property
for which the owner has not provided a written waiver to the licensed regulated explosive use-operator, shall not exceed the
maximum limits specified in Table 10.2.1.
(fff) Amend Table 10.2.1 to read as follows:
Table 10.2.1 Air Blast Limits
Lower Frequency of Measuring System [Hz (:I: 3 deb)] Measurement Level (deb)
2 Hz or lower. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . flat response 133 peak
6 Hz or lower. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . flat response 129 peak
(ggg) Amend Section 10.3.2 to read as follows: Flyrock shall not be propelled from the blast site onto property not contracted
by the licensed regulated explosive use-operator or onto property for which the owner has not provided a written waiver to the
licensed regulated explosive use-operator.
(hhh) Delete Chapter 11 in its entirety.
(iii) Delete Chapter 12 in its entirety. (Fire Prevention and Building Safety Commission; 675 lAC 26-3-1 ;filed Sep 21, 2005,
1:30 p.m.: 291R 492, effDec 1, 2005)
*
Indiana Administrative Code
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NFPA 495
- .. .;,'
Explosive Materials
Code
2001 Edition
II]
NFPA-
..............L
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495-1
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Copyright @ 200 I, National Fire Protection A~sodation, All Rights Reserved
NFPA495
Explosive Materials Code
2001 Edition
This edition of:r-.'FPA 495, ExPlosive iHaterials Code, was prepared by the Technical Commit-
tee on Explosives and acted on by NFPA at its May Association Technical Meeting held May
13-17, 200l, in Anaheim, CA... It was issued by the Standards Council onJuly 13, 2001, with an
effective date of August 2, 2001, and supersedes all pre\~ous editions.
This edition of NFPAi495 was approved as an American National St.andard on August 2,
2001.
Origin and Development of NFPA 495
This code 'was originally issued in 1912 under the tide Suggested State Law to Regulate the
Manufacture, Starage, Sale, and Use of ExPlosives. The second edition was issued in 1941 bv dH~
Commi t.tee on Laws and Ordinances and retitled Suggested ExPlosives Ordinance/lIT Cities. Later,
the document was designated as NFPA 495L.
After being assigned to the Committee on Chemicals and Explosives. a new edition was
issued in 1959. This was retitled as the Code fOr the Mamifar:tuye, l'ran.sportatian, StOWWi, and VIe
of Explosives and Blasting Agents and redesignated as !\.'FPA 495. .
Following the reorganizatioll of the committee in 19GO, the responsibility for amendment.s
t.o NFPA 495 was assigned to the Sectional Committee on Explosives. This committee reported
to the Correlating Committee of the Committee on Chemicals and Explosives. Revised edi-
tions were issued in 1962, 1965, 1967, 1968, 1969, and 1970. A new edition was issued in 1972,
with the document title revised to Code firr the M(1nufat:ture, Transportation, Stm-age, and Use of
Explosive Materiall. A subsequent edition followed in 1973.
Following the issuance of the 1973 edition, the Sectional Committee on Explosives was redes-
ignated as a Technical Committee. In 1976, the committee began a detailed review intended to
amend requirements to eliminate conflict~ with the regulat.ions promulgated by the various fed-
eral agencies concerned ",-ith explosive mat.erials (e.g., U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and
Firearms, U.S. Mine Safety ,Uld Health Administration, and U.S. Department of Transportation) .
This efl<:Jrt \'esulted in the 1982 edition, which was subsequently f()llowed by a new edition in 1985.
In 1990, the document WdS again revised and the title cha.nged to r>xplosive Materials Code. l11e
1992 edit.ion inc011lorar.ed various t.echnical and editorial amendment.s.
. The hL~t edition, issued in ] 996, incorporated changes in the classification of explosives to
conform with U.S. Department. of Transportation "Hazardous Materials Regulations," which
in turn was based on United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous
Goods. The 1996 edition also included technical and editorial amendments.
This 2001 edition of NFPA 495 includes technical and editorial amendments highlight.ed
by an increase in the amount of smokeless propelhmts permitted to be stored on the shelves
of rer.ail establishments. This change was approved due to the reclassitkation of certain ex-
plosive materials by the lJ .S. Department of Transportation.
EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS CODE
495-2
,/
Technical Committee on Explosives
Contents
Chapter 1 Administration..... ....... '" .......... ........ 495-- 4
1.1 Scope .............. ............. .... ..... ............ 495-- 4
1.2 Purpose ............................................. 495- 4
1.3 Equivalency........................................ 495- 4
1.4 Enforcement ....................................... 495- 4
Chapter 2 Referenced Publications .................... 495-- 4
2.1 General............................................. 495- 4
Thomas P. Dowling, Chair
Harl)("'s Ferry. WV [SE]
Jonathan W. King, Industrial Risk Insurers, CT [I]
KelUleth 1.. Kosanke, PyroLabs, Inc.. CO [RT]
Larry J. McCune, U.S. Bureau ofAkohol. Tobacco and
Firearms. DC [E]
Roger N. Prescott, Austin Powder Company, OH [M]
Rep. International Society of Explosives Engineers
Lon D. .'lantis, Insl. of Makers of Explosives. DC [0]
RobertA. VanDuzer, SAAMI, PA [M]
Bert 'Ion Rosen, Canadian Explosives Research
L.'l.boratory, CANMET, C.'l.nada [RT]
Ben Barrett, Hodgdon Powder C<.lInpany, Inc., KS [M]
W. S. Chang, Explosives Bureau, NJ [RT]
John A. Conkling, American PyrotechnicsA~sociation,
MD[M]
C.James DOOn, Safety Consulting Engineers Inc.. IL [SE]
Paul W. Dickinson, Defense Logistics Agency, CO [E]
Frank H. Fenton, III, The Township of Northampton, FA
[E]
MarkA. Fry, MarkA. Fry and Associates, Inc., NJ [SE]
Charles C. Gardner, Alliant Techsystems, \'A [Mo]
J. Edmund Hay, Clairron, PA [SE]
Chapter 3 Definitions .. .............. .... ................. 495-- 5
3.1 General............................................. 495- 5
3.2 NFPAOfficial Definitions ....................... 495-- 5
3.3 General Definitions .............................. 495- 5
Chapter 4 Security and Safety of Explosive
Materials ........................................ 495-- 6
4.1 Basic Requirement~ ............. ......... ........ 495- 6
4.2 Permit Requirements ............................ 495- 7
4.3 Permit Classes .....................................495-- 7
4.4 Requirements fOl' Blaster's Permit .... ........ 495-- 7
4.5 postingo{perrnits ................................ 495-- 7
4.6 Permit Resu'ictions ............................... 495- 8
4.7 Denial or Revocation of Permits .............. 495- 8
4.8 Record Keeping and Reporting ............... 495-- 8
4.9 Applic..ttions and Renewals ..................... 495-- 8
Chapter 5 Blasting Agents ................................ 495- 8
5,i Scope.................. ...... ........... ............. 495-- 8
5.2 Fixed Location Mixing .......................... 495- 8
5.3 BulkMixingandDeliveryVehicles ...........495-- 9
5.4 Bulk StOl'age Bins........... .............. ........ 495--10
5.5 Storage of Bbsting Agents and Supplies .... 495--10
5.6 Transportation of Packaged Blasting
Agents ........ ................. ........... ........... 495-10
5.7 Use of Blasting Agents ........................... 495--11
Alternates
Mkhacl S. Katich, Defense Logistics Agency, CO [E]
(All.. to P. W. Dickinson)
David S. Shatzer, U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and
Firearms, DC [E]
(Alt. to L.J. McCune)
Nonvoting
Glen E. Gardner, U.S. Occupational Safety & Health
Admin., DC
Terence P. Smith, U.S. Dept. of Labor, DC
(All. to G. E. Gardner)
David G. Trebisacci, NFPA Stall' Liaison
Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on the manufacture,
transporta'tion, storage and use of explosives and related materials. This Committee does not have responsi-
bility for documents on consumer and display fireworks, model and high power rockeL~ and motors, and
pyrotechnic special effects.
This list represents the membl1ship at the time the COT/1mittee was bldloted on the jirw,l text of this I!dition. Since that time,
ch(tnges in tlie rne11lbershifJ may have ocwrred. i\ hey to classifications is found at the back of the document.
NOTE: Membership on a committee shall not. in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Association or
allY document developed by the COlllllutt.ee on which the member serves.
Chapter 6 Water Gel and Emulsion Explosive
Materials ........................................ 495--11
6.1 Scope. .................. ............................. 495-11
6.2 Types and Classifications ........................ 495--11
6.3 Fixed Location Mixing .......................... 495-11
6.4 Bulk l'l'Iixillg and Delivery Vehicles .... ....... 495--12
6:5 Storage ofW'lter Gels............................ 495-12
Chapter 7 Transportation of Explosive
Materials on Highways ....................... 495-12
7.1 Basic ReqlliremenL~ .............................. 495-12
7.2 Transportation Vehicles ......................... 495-12
7.3 Operat.ion of Transportation Vehicles ....... 495--13
Chapter 8 Aboveground Storage of Explosive
Materials ........................................ 495--13
8.1 Scope ................................................ 495-13
8.2 Basic Requirements .............................. 495-13
8.3 Classification and Use of Magazines ......... 495--14
8.4 Location of Magazines .......................... 495-14
8.5 Magazine Construction - Basic
Requirements ..................................... 495-18
2001 Edition
. .
.,
CONTENTS
495--3
8.6 Magazine Construction -
Requirements for Specific Types ..............495--18
8.7 Storage within Magazines..... ........ .......... 495-20
8.8 Miscellaneous Safety Precautions.... ......... 495-20
Chapter 9 Use of Explosive Materials for
Blasting .......................................... 495-21
9.1 BasicRequirements .............................. 495-21
9.2 Preblast Operations ...........:. ...... ........... 495-21
9.3 Initiating Blasts ....................................495--22
9.4 Procedures after Blasting....... ...... .......... 495-22
9.5 Misfires ............................................... 495-22
9.6 Disposal of Explosive Materials ................ 495-23
Chapter 10 Ground Vibration, Airblast, Hyrock ..... 495-23
10.1 Ground Vibration ........ .......... ..... .......... '195-23
10.2 Airblast .............................................. 495":'24
10.3 Flyrock .............................................. 495--25
Chapter 11 Explosive Materials at Piers and
Railway, Truck, and Air
Tenninals .......... .... ...... ........ ..........
Basic Requirements ... ............... ............
Notifications .......................................
Facilities for Trailer-on-Flatcar and
Container-on-Flatcar .............................
11.4 Designation of Facilities .........................
11.1
11.2
11.3
495-25
495--25
495-25
495--25
495-25
Chapter 12 Plosophoric Materials ...... ................ 495-25
12.1 Basic Requirements .............................. 495--25
12.2 Storage .............................................. 495--26
12.3 Use ................................................... 495-26
12.4 Record Keeping and Reponing ......... ...... 495-26
Chapter 13 Small Anns Ammunition and
Primers, Smokeless Propellants,
and Black Powder Propellants ........... 495-26
Ba~ic Requirements .............................. 495-26
Small Anns Ammunition .. ....... ......... ...... 495-26
Smokeless Propellants........................... 495-26
Black Powder ......... ....... ..... ..... ....... ..... 495-27
Small Anns Primers ........... ....... ............ 495--27
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
Annex A Explanatory Material .......................... 495--28
Annex B Recommended Separation Distances
of Ammonium Nitrate and Blasting
Agents from Explosives or Blasting
Agents ......... .................................... 495--30
Annex C Magazine Construction ....................... 495-32
Annex D U.S. Department of Transportation
Proposed Revisions of Explosive
Materials Transport Regulations............ 495-32
Annex E Infonnational References .................... 495-34
Index
495-36
2001 Edition
495-1
EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS CODE
DEFINITIONS
495-5
NFPA 495
Explosive Materials Code
2001 Edition
NOTICE: An ast.erisk (*) following the number or let.t.er
designating a paragraph indicates that explanatory material
on the paragraph can be found in AnnexA.
Changes other than editorial are indicated by a vertical
rule in the margin of the pages on which t.hey appear. These
lines are included as an aid to tlle user in identifying changes
from the pre,,;ous edition. INhere one or more complete para-
graphs have been deleted, tlle deletion is indicated by a bullet
between the paragraphs that remain.
Information on referenced publications can be found in
Chapter 2 and Annex E.
Chapter 1 Administration
1.1 Scope.
1.1.1 This code shall. apply to the manufacture. transporta-
tion, storage, sale, and use of explosive materials.
1.1.2 This code shall not apply to t.he t.ransportation of explo-
sive materials where under the jurisdict.ion of the U.S. Depart-
ment of Transportation (DOT). It shall apply, however, to
state ~Uld Illunicipal supervision of compliance with "I-Iazard-
ous Materials Regulations," U.S. Department of Transporta-
tion, Title 49, Code of Federal RegrJlations, Parts 100-199.
1.1.3 This code shall not apply to the transportation and use
of military explosives by federal or state militarv agencies, nor
shall it apply to the tra~sportation and use of ~xplosive mate-
rials by federal, state, or municipal agencies while engaged in
normal or emergency performance of duties.
1.1.4 This code shall not apply to the manufacture of explo-
sive materials under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of
Defense. This code also shall not apply to the distribution of
explosive materials to or st.orage of explosive materials by mil i-
t.ary agencies of the United States, nor shall it. apply to arse-
nals, nay)' yards, depots, or other establishments owned by or
operated by or on behalf of the United St.ates.
1.1.5 This code shall not apply to pyrotechnics such as flares,
fuses, and railway torpe.does. It also shall not apply to fireworks
and p~Tot.echnic special effects as defined in NFP.'\ 1123, Code f01'
rlTIJIlJ01'ks Display, NFPA 1124, Code for the Manufacture, Transporta-
tion, and Storage ofFirew01k.\ and Pyrotechni.t:Articles; andNFPA 1126,
Stmula,'d for the Use of Pyrotechnics bejOre (t Proximate Audience.
1.1.6 This code shall not apply to model and high power
rocketry a.~ defined in NFPA 1122, Code for Model Rocketry;
NFPA 1125, Code f01" the Manufacturr. of Model Roclwt and High
Pow/i'r Roc/tet Motars; and NFPA 1 127, Code f01' High Power Rocketry.
1.1.7 This code shall not apply to the use of explosive materials
in medicines a.nd medicinal agent~ in the forms prescribed by the
United States Ph~mnacopeia or the Nat.ional Formulaty.
1.2 Purpose. This code is intended to provide reasonable
safety in the manufacture, storage, transportation, and use of
explosive materials.
1.3 Equivalency. Nothing in this code is intended to prevent
the use of systems, methods, or devices of equivalent or
2001 Edition
superior qualit.y, strength, fire resistance, effectiveness, du-
rability, and safety over those prescribed by this code. Tech-
nical documentat.ion shall be submitted t.o the authorit.y
havingjurisdiction to demonstrat.e equivalency. The system,
method, or device shall be approved for the intended pur'-
pose by the authority having jurisdiction.
1.4* Enforcement. This code shall be administered and en-
forced by tlle authorit.y havingjurisdici.ion designated b)' tlle
governing authority. (See Annex A lor samPle wmdingfor enabling
legislation. )
Chapter 3 Definitions
3.1 General. The definitions contained in this chapter shall
apply to the terms used in this code. Where terms are not
included, common llSage of the terms shall apply.
3.2 NFPA Ofticial Definitions.
3.2.1 * Approved. Acceptable t.o the authorit.y havingjurisdic-
tion.
3.2.2* AUthOlity Having Jurisdiction. The organization, of-
fice, or individual responsible for approving equipment, ma-
terials, an installation, or a procedure.
.3.2.3 Labeled. Equipment or materials to which ha.~ been at-
tached a label, symbol, or other identifying mark of an organiza-
tion that is acceptable t.o the authority having jurisdiction and
concerned with product evaluation, that maintains peIiodic in-
spection of production of labeled equipment or materials, and
by whose labeling the manufact.urer indicat.es compliance with
appropliat.e standards or penOffilall<:e in a specified manner.
3.2.4* Listed. Equipment, materials, or seTVices included in a
list published by an organization that is acceptable to the authOl~
ity havingjurisdiction and concerned with evaluation of pr<~dllct~
or sen~cC:'_~, that. maintains periodic inspection of productlOn of
list.ed equIpment or materials or periodic evaluation of sen;ces,
and whose listing states that either the equipment, material, or
service UleeL~ appropl'iate designated standards or has been
tested and found sllit.1.ble for a specified purpose.
3.3 General Def'mitions.
3.3.1 Acceptor. A chal'ge of explosives or blasting agent. re-
ceiving an impulse from an exploding donor charge.
3.3.2 Ammonium Nitrate. A chemical compound repre-
sent.cd by the formula NH4NO!I'
3.3.3 ANFO (Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil Mixture). A blast-
ing agent (Explosive 1.5D) that contains no essential ingredi-
ents other than priIled ammonium nitrate and fuel oil.
3.3.4 BUlary Explosive. A blasting explosive formed by mix-
ing or combining two plosophoric materials (e.g.. ammonium
nitrat.e and nitromethane).
3.3.5 Blast Area. The area including the blast site and the
immediate adjaccnt area within t.he intluence of flying rock,
missiles, and cOIlCllSsion.
3.3.6* BIast Site. The area where explosive material is handled
duting loading of the blastho\e, including 15.2 In (50 ft.) in all
directions from the perimeter formed by loaded holes.
3.3.7 Blaster. A person qualified to be in charge of and re-
sponsible for the loading and firing of a blast.
3.3.8* Blasting Agent. A material or mixture intended for
blast.ing that meets the requiremen ts of the DOT "Hazardous
Materials Regulations," as set fortll in Title 49, Code of Federal
Regulations, Parts 173.56, 173.57, and 173.58, Explosive 1..~'>D.
3.3.9 Bulk Mix. A mass of explosive matetial prepared for
Use in bulk form without packaging.
3.3.10 Bulk Mix Delivery Equipment. Equipment (usually a
motor vehicle Witll or without a mechanical delivery device)
that transpons explosive materials in bulk formfcr mixing or
loading directly into boreholes, or both.
3.3.11 * Bullet-Resistant Constnlction. Refers to magazine
walls or doors, constmcted to resist penetration of a bullet of
15O-grain M2 ball ammunitio? having a nominal. mu~le velocity
of 824 mps (2700 Ips) when tIred from a 0.3O-cabber rille from a
distance of 30.5 III C100 ft) perpendicular to the wall or door.
3.3.12* Bullet-Sensitive Explosive Material. Explosive mate-
rial that can be detonated by 150-grain M2 ball ammunition
having a nominal muzzle velocity of 824 mps (2700 fps) wh~n
fired from a 0.30-caliber rifle at a distance of 30.5 m (100 It),
measured perpendiculal'ly,
3.3.13* Cap-Sensitive Explosive Material. Any explosive ma-
terial that can be detonat.ed by means ofa No, 8 b1a.~t.ing cap 0"
its equivalent.
3.3.14 Composite Propellant. A mixture consisting of an
e1astomeric-type fuel and an oxidizer used in gas generators
and rocket motors.
3.3.15 Detonating Cord. A flexible cord containing a center
core of high explosive used to deton~He other explosives.
3.3.16* Detonator. Any device containing an initiating or pri-
mary explosive that is lIsed for initiating detonation.
3.3.17 DOllor. An exploding charge producing an impulse
that impinges upon an explosive acceptor charge.
3.3.18 Emulsion Explosive. An explosive material that con-
sisL~ of a slurry of substantial amounts of ammonium nitrate
dissolved in wat.er droplets surrounded by an oil-like material.
3.3.19* Explosive. Any chemical compoun~, m.ixtur~, or de-
vice, the primalY or cOlllmon purpose of whIch IS to functlOn
by explosion.
3.3.20* Explosive-Actuated Device. Any too] or" special
mechanized device that is actuated by explosive materials.
3.3.21 Explosive Material. Any explosive, bla.~tillg agent,
emulsion explosive, water gel, or detonator.
3.3.22* Fire Extinguisher Rating. This rating is identified on
an extinguisher by a number (e.g., 5, 20, 70), ind.icating rel~~-
tive effectiveness. followed by a let.t.er (e.g,. A, B, C, or D) mdl-
eating the class 01" classes of tires for which tlle extinguisher
has been found to be effective.
3.3.23* Fire Resistant. Construction designed to provide rea-
sonable protection against fire.
3.3.24* Flash Point. The lowest. temperature at which vapors
from a volatile combustible substance ignite in air when ex-
posed to flame.
3.3.25 Fuel. Any substance that reacts with the oxygen in
the air or with the oxygen yielded by an oxidizer to produce
combustion.
3.3.26 Hardwood. Any close-grained wood such as oak,
maple; ash, or hickory that is free from loose knots, wind
shakes, or similar defecL>.
3.3.27 High Explosive Materials. Explosive materials that are
characterized by a very high rate of reaction, high pressure
development, and the presence of a det.onat.ion wave.
3.3.28 Highway. Any public SU"eet, public alley, or public road.
3.3.29* Inhabited Building. Any building or st.ructure regu-
larly used in whole or part as a place of human habitation.
2001 Edition
Chapter 2 Referenced Publications
2.1 General. The document.s or portions tlH~reof listed in this
chapter are referenced within this code and shalI be consid-
ered part of the requirements of this document.
2.1.1 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection A~socia-
t.ion,l Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy,1\.1A02269-
9101.
NFPA 13, Standanllor the Installation o{Sprinkler Systems, 1999
edition,
NFPA 70, NittioT/al E'ledrical Cod.e@, 1999 edit.ion.
NFPA 498, Standard for Safe Hawns and Intl!fchangl' Lots for
....'chides Transporting ExPlosives, 2001 edit.ion.
NFPA 1J.22, CodejiJrModel Rocketry, 1997 edition,
NFPA 1123, Code for Firew01lls Display, 2000 edition,
NFPA 1124, Code for the Manufacture, Trans/miation, and StOI~
{Ige of Finfworh.s and Pyrotechnic A1tides, 1998 edit.ion.
NFPA 1125, Code for the i'vlanufacture of Mod.el Rocket and High
PowerRochet I'ltlotoTS, 2001 edition,
NFPA 1126, Standa'rd for the Use of Pyrotechnics before a Proxi-
matellurlience, 2001 edition.
NFPA 1127, Cod,! firr High Power Rocket1}, 1998 editiou.
2.1.2 Other Publications.
2.1.2.1 IME Publication. Inst.it.ute of Makers of Explosives,
1120 19th St:., NW, Suite 310, Washington, DC 20036-3605.
"American Table of Distances for Storage of Explosi\'cs,"
June ]991.
2.1.2.2 U.S. Government Publications. U.S. Govemment
Printing Otlice, Washington, DC 20-102.
Title 18, United States Code, "Importation, MaIlufacture, Dis-
tribut.ion and Storage of Explosive Materials." in Chapter 40.
Title 18, United States Lode, "Organized Crime Control Act
of 1970," in Chapter 40.
Title 18, United StMes Code, Chapter 44, "Gun Con trol Act
of 1968."
Title 27, Code of Fedeml Regulations, "Table of Distances for
Low Explosives," U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, a.nd Fire-
arms, Pan 55.
Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, U.S. Deparullent of
Transportat.ion, Part 172.
Title 49, Code o{ Federal Regulations, "Federal Motor Car-
rier Safety Regulations:' U.S. Department of Transporta-
tion, Pan 397.
Title 49, Code of Federal Rl!~lations. "Hazardous ]'vlat.erials
Regulations," U.S. Department of Transportation, Parts
100-199.
495-6
EXP,LOSJVE MATERIALS CODE
SECURllY AND SAFElY OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIAI~<;
495-7
3.3.30 Low Explosive Material. Explosiye material that is
characterized by detlagration or a low rate of reaction and the
development of low pressure.
3.3.31 Magazine. A building or structure, other than an ex-
plosives manuf'lcluring building, approved for the storage of
explosive materials.
3.3.32 Manufacturing. Mixing, blending, extruding, assem-
bling disassembling, chemical synthesis, and other functions in-
volv~;l in making a product or d~vice that is intended to explode.
3.3.33 Mass Detonate (Mass Explode). Simultaneous deto-
nation or explosion of the LoLa] amount or a substantial
amount of a qu;mtity of explosive material caused by the ex-
plosion of a unit or part of the explosiv(' material.
3.3.34 Misfire. A charge of explosive material that fails to
detonate completely ati.er initiation.
3.3.35 Motor Vehicle. Any selt:propelled vehicle. tnlck, trac-
tor, semiu'ailer, or tnlck-trailer combination used for the
mUlsponation offreight over public highways.
3.3.36 Nonelectric Delay Device. A detonat.or witb an inte-
gral delay element. used in conjunction \~ith and capable of
being initiat.ed by a detonating impulse.
3.3.37* Oxidizing Matetial. Any solid or liquid that readily
yields o}"ygen or other oxidizing gas or t.hat readily reacts to
oxidize combustible material.
3.3.38 Person. An)' individual. firm, copartnership. corpor.t-
tion, company, association, or joint. st.ock association, includ-
ing any trustee, receiver, assignee, or personal representative
thereof.
3.3.39 Plosophoric Materials. Two or more unmixed. com-
mercially manufact.ured prepackaged chemical ingredient.s
(including oxidizers, tlammable liquids or solids, or similar
ingTedients) that. are notdassified as explosives but that, where
mixed or combined, form ~ blast.ing explosive.
3.3.40 Plywood. Exterior grade plpvood.
3.3.41 Primer. A unit. package, or cartridge of explosive mate-
rial used to initjate other explosives or blasting agents and that
contains (1) a detonator, or (2) a detonating cord t.o which is
attached a detonator designed to initiate t.he corel.
3.3.42* Propellant. An explosive that normally functions by
deflagration and is used for propulsion purposes.
3.3.43* Propellant-Actuated Device. Any tool or special
mechanized device or gas generator system that is actuated by
a propellant. or that. releases or directs work through a propel-
lant charge.
3.3.44 Public Conveyance. Any railroad car, streetcar. ferry,
cab, bus. airplane, or other vehide that carries passengers
for hire.
3.3.45 Railway. A.ny steam, electric, diesel electric, or other
railroad or railway that carries passengers [or hire on a partiCll-
lar line or branch in t.he vicinity of an explosives storage or
manufacturing facilit.y.
3.3.46* Semiconductive Hose. Any hose with an elecu'ical
resistance sufficient Lo limit the flolV of stray electric currents
to safe levels, yet not high enough t.o prevent the relaxation of
static electric charges to ground.
200t Edition
..-.. (.
.'t)
3.3.47 Sensitivity. A characteristic of an explosive material,
classif>ing its ability to detonate upon receiving an external
impulse such as impact. shock, flame, or other influence that.
can cause explosive decomposition.
3.3,48* Shock Tube. A small diameter plastic tube used for
initiating detonators.
3.3.49* SmaIl Anns Ammunition. Any shotgun, rifle, or pistol
cartridge and any caru'idge for propellant-actuated devices.
3.3.50 Small Anns Ammunition Primers. Small percussion-
sensitivc, explosive charges enca~ed in a cap and used to ignite
propellant powder.
3.3.51 Smokeless Propellants. Solid propellants, commonly
referred to as smokeless powders, used in small arms ammuni-
tion, cannons, rockets, or propellant-act.uated devices.
3.3.52 Softwood. Any coarse-grained wood such as fir, hem-
lock, spmce, 01' pine that is free fi'om loose knots, wind shakes,
or similar defects.
3.:~.53* Special Industrial Explosive Material. Shaped mate-
rials, sheet. fonus, and various other exu'usions, pellets, and
packages of high eXplosives used for high-energy-rate footl-
ing, expanding, and shaping in metal fabrication and for dis-
memberrnent and reduction of scrap metal.
3.3.54 Special Industrial Explosives Device. Explosive-
actuat.ed devices and propellant-actuated devices.
3.3.55* Steel. General purpose, hot.- or cold-rolled, low car-
bon st.eel.
3.3.56 Theft Resistant. Construction designed to det.er ille-
gal entry into facilities [or the storage of explosive material.
3.3.57 Two-Component Explosive. See Binary Explosive.
3.3.58* Water Gel. Any explosive or blasting agent that con-
tains a subs tan tial portion of wat.er. .
3.3,59 Weather Resistant. Construction designed t,o of Tel'
reasonable protection against weather.
4.1.5 The authority having jurisdiction shall be permiued to
restrict the quantity of explosive materials tbat is handled at
any location.
4.1.6 All explosive materials and any newly developed and
unclassified explosive materials shall meet the license and per-
mit: requirement.s of this chapter.
Exception: This Tequinmumt shall not ajJIJly to st.ocks of small a-m~s
mmnu.nilion r;nd components thereof; to the e~'lent t}wt they aI'e COt'-
ered by the provisions of Title 18, United States Code, ChalJler 44,
"Gun Control itcl of 1968. ".
4.1.7 A person intending to engage in business as an im-
porter of, a manufacturer of. or dealer in explosive materials
shall obtain a federal license in accordance with Title 18,
United States Code, "Organized Crime Control Act. of 1970," in
Chapter 40.
4.1.8 This chapter is intended to supplement existing federal
laws and regulations. Therefore, any person who possesses a
license or permit. under Title 18. Un.ited States COdAl, Chapter 40,
that properly covers the activities of SlIch person shall not be
required to obt.ain a permit under t.his chapt.er.
4.1.9 All normal access roads to explosive storage magazines
shall be posted with the following warning sign:
DANGER
NEVER FIGHT EXPLOSIVE FIRES
EXPLOSIVES ARE STORED ON THIS SITE
CAll
4.1.9.1 The sign shall be weather l'esistallt. with a reflective
surface and lettering at. least 50 mm (2 in.) high.
4.1.10 Placards required by tIle Deparunent of Transportation
I regulations ill 49 CFR 172, Subpart. F, for t.he transportation of
blasting agent~ (Division 1.5 mat.erials) shall be displayed on all
Type 5 magazines that contain blasting agent~ (Division 1.5 ma-
t.erials). Emptied Type 5 magazines (including over-the-road
trailers) t.hat have previously contained packaged blast.ing agents
(Division 1.5 materials) shall not be required to display placards.
4.2 Permit Requirements.
4.2.1 No person shall be in possession of explosive mat.erials. or
conduct an operation or activity requiring the use of explosive
mat.erials, or perform or supervise the loading and firing of ex-
plosive material~ without first obtaining the proper permit.
4.2.2 Explosive materials shall not be sold. given, delivered,
or u"ansferred to any person not possessing a valid permit.
4.2.3 Every pc'rson conducting an operation or activity that
uses explosive materials shall obtain a permit to use explosive
matelials and shall be responsible for the results and conse-
quences of any loading or firing of explosive materials. Such
person aL~() shall ensure that loading and firing are performed
or supervised by a person possessing a pennit to blast..
Exception: Laboratories mgaged in testing explosive materials, other
than where conduaing test blast eXjJlosions, shall-require only a permit
to use.
4.3.2 Pennit to Blast. Before a person supervises and per-
forms the loading and firing of ~xpl(J.,ive materials, that per-
son shall obtain the appropliate permit to blast, as specified ill
Table 4.3.2.
Table 4.3.2 Classifications for Permit to Blast
Class Category Blasting Pennitted
A Unlimited All t.ypes of blasting
B General aboveground All phases of blasting
operations in quarries,
oHen pit mines, and
aboveground
construction
C General underground All phases of blasting
operations in
underground mines,
shaft~, tunnels, and drifts
D Demolition All phases of blasting in
demolit.ion project~
E Seismic All phases of blasting in
seismic prospect.ing
F Agriculture All phases of blasting in
agriculture, but limited
to not more than 22.7 kg
(50Ib) per blast
G Special Special blasting as
described on the permit.
4.4 Requirements for Blasted; Permit.
4,4.1 The applicant for an init.ial permit t.o supervise and
perform the loading and firing of explosive materials, a~ speci-
fied in 4.3.2, shall demonstrate adequat.e training and experi-
ence in t.he use of explosive materials in t.he cla~s autborized
by the specitic permit for which application is made.
4,4.2 Each applicant shall pass a qualifyingexaminatioll. The
examination shall be written, oral, or by such other means as
necessalY to deternline that the applicant is competent to con-
duct blasting operations and to perform the duties of a blaster.
4.4.3 Any holder of a pennit. to bla~t who is convicted of a
violation of any explosives law or regulation shall be required.
to pass a qualifYing examination as a condition of relen tion of
the permit,
4.4.4 Any person whose permit to blast ha~ been revoked
shall be required to pass a qualifying examination as a concli-
tion of reinstatement of the permit.
4.4.5 Any person whose permit. to blast has lapsed for a pe-
riod of 1 year or longer shall be required to pass a qualifying
examination as a condition of renewal of t.he perrnit.
4.5 Posting of Pennits.
4.5.1 Pennit to Use. A copy of the permit shall be posted at
each place of operation.
4.5.2 Permit to Blast. A copy of the permit. shall be carried by
the permit: holder during blasting operations.
4.5.3 Pernlit holders shall take every reasonable precaution
to protect their permits from loss, theft, defacement, dest.ruc-
tion, or unauthorized duplication. Any such occurrence shall
be reported immediately to the issuing authorit.y.
2001 Edition
Chapter 4 Security and Safety of Explosive Materials
4.1 Basic Requirements.
4.1.1 No attempt shall be made to fight a fire that cannot be
contained or controlled before it reaches explosive materiaLs.
In sllch cases, all personnel shall be evacuated immediately to
a safe location, and the area shall be guarded from enu)' by
spectators or intruders.
4.1.2 The local fire deparunent and other local emergency
response agencies shall be notified of the location of all maga-
zines and shall be notified of any changes in location.
4.1.3 The manufacture of any explosive mat.erial, as defined
by this code, shall be prohibited unless such manufacture is
authorized by federal license and is conducted in accordance
with recognized safe practices.
Exception: This 'requirement shall not appl)' 10 hand loading oj small
a:Y'nzs ammunition f}repa-red JO'r 1Je1:mnal use and not for 'fe.yale.
4.1,4 The Immufucture ofexplosive'mat.erials shall be prohib-
ited where such I,llanu[acture presents an undue hazard to life
or property.
4.3 Permit Classes.
4.3.1 Permit to Use. Before a person conducts an operation
or activity that uses explosive materials, that: person shall ob-
tain a pennit t.o use, which provides authorization to pmchase.
possess, store, and use such materials.
495-8
EXPLOSIVE M,~TERIAl$ CODE
4.6 Permit Resuictions.
4.6.1 No permit shall be permitt.ed to be assigned OJ" trans-
ferred.
4.6.2 No permit. shall be issued to a person under 21 ye.lrs old.
4.6.3 Permits shall be dated and numbered and shall be valid
for 110 longer than 3 years from the date of issue.
4.7 Denial or Revocation of Permits.
4.7.1 A permit for the possession and use of explosive materials
shall be denied or revoked for any of the following reasons;
('l) NoncOlnpliance with any order of t.he issuing authority
within the time specified by sl.1ch order "
(2) Proof that the pennit applicant or holder is under indict-
ment for. or has been convicted of, a cdme punishable by
imprisonment for a term exceeding 1 year
r~) The applic.ult or holder is a fugitive from justice
(4) The applicant or holder is an unlawful user of, or is ad-
dicted to, narcotics or dangerous drugs
(5) The applicant. has been adjudicated as mentally defective
(6) Proof that. the permit. applicant or holder advocates, or
knowingly belongs to, any organization or group that ad-
vocatesviolent overthrow of or violent action against any
federal, state. or local govemment
(7) Proof that tlle permit applicant or holder suffers from a
mental or physical defect tllat would int.erfere with the
safe handling of explosives
(8) Violation by the permit applicant or holder of any provi-
sion of any explosives law or regulation. or proof that false
information was provided or a misrepresentation was
made to obtain the permit by the applicant or holder
4.7.2 In any case in which the issuing authority denies or
revokes a permit, the issuing authority shall notify the permit
applicant or holder promptly. Such notification shall specify
the basis for denial or revocation of the permit and shall state
t.hat, upon \'iI'itten request by the applicant or holder, a hear-
ing before tl1e issuing' authority is to be held within 10 days
after the date of the request.
4.7.3 In cases where a hearing is held, the issuing authority shall
state its findings and conclusions in writing and shall transmit a
copy to the applicant or former permit holder promptly.
4.7.4 Upon notice of the revocation of any permit, the
former permit holder shall surrender the revoked permit and
all copies thereof to the issuing authority immediately.
4.8 Record Keeping and Reporting.
4.8.1 A holder of a permit to use shall keep a record of all
transactions or operations involving explosive materials. Such
record shall be retained for 5 years and shall be made available
to the issuing authority upon request.
4.8.2 An accumulation of invoices, sales slips, delivery t.ickeL.~
or receipts, or similar records representing individual transac-
tions shall be considered to satisfy the requirement.'; for record
keeping, provideclthey include the signature of the receiver of
the explosive materials.
4.8.3 A holder of a perrnitto blast shall keep a daily record of
all explosive materials received and fired or othen~ise dis-
posed of by the permit holder. Such records shall be retained
for 5 years and shall be made a,~ailable to the issuing authority
upon request.
2001 Edition
4.8.4 A holder of a permit shatlnotify the issuing authority
promptly of any change in address.
4.8.5* The loss, theft, or unlawful removal of explosive mate-
rials shall be reponed within 24 hours to the Bureau of Alco-
hol, Tobacco, and Firearms; to the permit-issuing authority;
and to the local law enforcement. agency.
4.8.6 Accidcnt~ involving explosive material that cause a lost-
time il1:iUl)' or property damage shall be reported immediately
to the authority having jurisdiction.
4.9 Applications and Renewals.
4.9.1 An application lor a permit or for renew'u o[ a permit shall
be made to tl1e issuing authority on fonns provided by the au-
thority and shall contain such information as is required.
4.9.2 Where an application for renewal is filed with the issu-
ing authority before expiration of the current permit, the re-
newal shall become effective upon expiration of the current
permit. No renc",,-al permit shall be issued more than 30 days
prior to the expiration dat.e of tlle current permit.
4.9.3 An application for renewal filed after the expirat.ion
date of t.he current permit. shall be considered an application
for a new permit.
Chapter 5 Blasting Agents
5.1 Scope.
5.1.1 . Unless otherwise specified in this chapter, blasting
agents shall be transported. stOt'ed, and used in the same man-
ner as other explosive materials.
5.1.2 Water gels, slurries, and emulsion explosives shall not.
be subject to the requirements of this chapter. (See Chajiter 6.)
5.2 Fixed Location Mi....dng.
5.2.1 Buildings or other bcilities used fot' mixing blasting
agent.'; shall be'located, in relation to inhabited buildings. pas-
senger railroads, and public highways, in accordance with the
American Table ofJ;>istances. (See lilble 8.4.1.)
5.2.2 In determining the distance separating inhabited build-
ings. passenger railroad~. or public highways from potential ex-
plosions, the sum of all masses dlat could propagate (i.e., are
closer than the distances specified in Table 8.4.2) from either
individual or combined donor masses shall be included. How-
ever, where ammonium nitrate is included, only 50 percent of
its weight shall be used due to its reduced blast effect.
5.2.3 Buildings used for the mixing of blasting agents shall
comply witll tlle requirements of this subsection, unless other-
wise specifically approved by the authority having jurisdiction.
5.2.3.1 Buildings shall be constructed of noncombustible ma-
terials or of sheet metal on wood studs.
5.2.3.2 Floors shall be of concrete or other noncombustible
material. They shall be constructed without open floor drains
,md wlthout piping into which molten mat.erials could flow
and beC01ne confined in the event of fire.
5.2.3.3 All fuel oil storage facilities shall be separated from
the mixing building and located so that the oil drains away
from the mixing plant building if the tank ruptures.
5.2.3.4 The mixing building shall be well vent.ilat.ed.
Bl.A'lTING AGENTS
4!15-9
5.2.3.5 Heating unit.'; that do not depend 011 the combustion
of fuel shall be permitted to be used within the mixing build-
ing where properly designed and located. All direct SOUI'ces of
heat shall be provided exclusively from unit.'; located outside
of the mixing building.
5.2.3.6 Internal combustion engines used to generate electrical
power shall be located ()ut~icle of the mixing building or shall be
ventilat.ed and isolat.ed properly by a firewall. The engine e..xhaust
system shall be 10c.'1ted so that any spark emission cannot endan-
ger any materials in or adjacent to the mixing building.
5.2.4 Equipment used for mixing blasting agents shall com-
ply with the I'equirement~ of this subsection.
5.2.4.1 The design of the mixer shall minimize the possibility
of frictiorial heating, compaction, and confinement. All bear-
ings and drive assemblies shall be mounted oUt.';ide the mixer
and protected against. the accumulation of dust. All surfaces
shall be accessible for cleaning.
5.2.4.2 Mixing and packaging equipment shall be construct.ed
of mat.erials compatible with the blasting agent composition.
5.2.4.3 Means shall be prm;ded to prevent the flow ofnlel oil to
the mixer in case of fire. In gravity flow systems, ,ill automatic
spring-loaded shutoffvalvewith a nlsible link shall be installed.
5.2.5 The requirement.'; of this subsection shall apply where
mixing and handling blasting agent compositions.
5.2.5.1 Oxidizers of small particle size. such as crushed am-
monium nitrate prills or fines, shall be handled witll special
care, due to the possibility of t.heir greater sensitivity.
5.2.5.2 No hydrocarbon liquid fuel with a flash point. lower
than that of No.2 ['uel oil [i.e., 51.TC (1250F) minimum or
legal minimum] shall be u.~ed.
Exception: Fu.el oils with flash !iUintnw lower than 37.80(: (100 Of)
shall be permitted to be 'used at ambient aiT temperatuTes below 7.20C.
(45 OF).
5.2.5.3 Reclaimed crankcase oil shall be permitted to be
used, provided each new supply of oil is checked for its com-
pli,Ulce with 5.2.5.2.
5.2.5.4 Metal powders, such as aluminum. shall be kept dry
and shall be stored in containers or bins that are moisture-
resistant and weathertight. Solid fuels shall be handled so that
dust explosion hazards are minimized.
5.2.5.5 Peroxides or chlorates shall not. be used.
5.2.5.6 The requirement~ of5.2.5.3, 5.2.5.4, and 5.2.5.5 shall
not. apply to compositions that have been tested, classified.
and approved by t.he Associate Administrator for Hazardous
Materials Safety in accordance with the provisions of 49 CFR.
5.2.6 All electrical switches, controls, motors, and lights lo-
cated in the mixing room shall comply widl NFPA 70, National
ElectTical Cod.e@, Article 502.
Exception: This requi-rement shall not apply to electrical wiring and
equipment located outside the mixing building.
5.2.7 The frame of the mixer and all other equipment that
are used shall be electrically bonded and grounded.
5.2.8 Safety precautions at mixing planL.~ shall include the
following requirements:
(1) Floors shall have no drains or piping into which molten
materials could flow and become confined during a fire,
(2) The floors and equipment of the mixing and packaging
rooms or areas shall be cleaned thoroughly on a regular
basis to prevent accumulations of oxidizers, fuels, and
sensitizers.
(3) The entire building shall be cleaned thoroughly on a regu-
lar basis to prevent the excessive accumulation of dust
(4) Smoking, matches, open flames, spark-producing devices,
and firearms shall not be permit.ted inside of or within
15.25 m (50 ft) of any building or facility Ilsed for the
mixing of blasting agent.';.
Exception: Fill:anns shall be permitted to be caTried by authO'riz.ed
gtULrds whLYf'e approved by th.e authority having jurisdiction.
(5) The area surrouncling tlle mixing plant shall be kept clear
of blUSh. dried grass, leaves, and ot.her materials for a
distance ofatleast 7.63 m (25 ft).
(6) Empty ammonium nitrate bags shall be disposed of daily
in a safe manner.
(7) No welding or open flames shall be pennitted in or
around the mixing or storage area.
Exception: Where the equijmwmt and the area have been COT1lfilt:tely
washed down and all oxidiz.ing nUltmal has IJeert removed.
(8) Before welding on ot' making repairs to hollow shaft.';, all
oxidizing material shall be removed from the oUlside and
inside of the shaft., and the shaft shall be vented with a
minimum l3-mm (Ih-in.) diameter opening.
(9) Other explosive materials shall not be stored inside of or
within 15.25 m (50ft) of any building or facility used for
mixing blasting agents.
5.3 Bulk Mixing and Delivery Vehicles.
5.3.1 The provisions of Section q.3 shall apply to all bulk
mixing and de1ivel)' vehicles. The requirements of 5.2.5 also
shall apply to bulk delivery and mixing vehicles.
5.3.2 The body of a vehicle for mixing and delivering blasting
agents in bulk shall comply with the following requirements:
(1) The body shall be constructed of noncombu~t.ible material~.
(2) Vehicles used to transport bulk, premixed blasting agents
shall have covered bodies.
(3) All moving parts of the mixing syst.em shall be designed so
tllat heat buildup is prevented. Shaft~ or axles that make
contact with the product shall have outboard beal;ngs wit.h a
minimum 25.4-mm (I-in.) clearance between the bearings
and the outside of the product container. Att.ention shall be
given to adequate clearance on all moving parts.
(4) The hulk delivery vehicle shall be st.rong enough to carry
the load WitllO\lt difficulty and shall be in good mechani-
cal condition.
5.3.3 Operation of bulk delivery vehicles shall comply with
the following requirements:
(1) Vehicles transporting blasting agents shall be driven by
and shall he in the charge of only those drivers who are at.
least 21 years old, who are capable, careful, and reliable,
and who possess a valid motor vehide opet-ator's license.
Drivers shall be familiar with all traffic regulations, appli-
cable federal and state regulations pertaining to explosive
materials, and the requirements of this code.
(2). The vehide operator shall be trained in the safe opera-
tion of the vehicle and shall be knowledgeable of its mix-
ing, conveying, and related equipment.. The operator
shall be familiar with the commodities being delivered
and the general procedures for handling emergencies.
2001 Edition
495-10
EXP.LOSIVE MATERIAL'> CODE
WATER CELAl'lD EMUI.'>ION EXPLOSIVE MATERW-'>
495 11
(3)
No person shall be permitted to ride upon, drive, load, or
unload a vehicle containing blasting agent.~ while smok-
ing or while under the influence of intoxicants, narcotics,
or other dangerous drugs.
Vehicles tTansporting blasting agen ts shall be in safe oper-
ating condition at all times.
No person shall smoke, canv matches or anv flame-
producing de\ice, or carry any firearms while in 0; around
bulk vehicles affecting the mixing, transfer, or down-the-
hole loading. of blasting agents at or near the blasting site.
Caution shall be exercised in moving the vehicle within the
blasting area to avoid driving dle vehicle over or dragging
hoses over firing lines, cap wires, or explosive materials. The
driver shall obtain the assistance of a second person to !,T1.1ide
the driver's movements while moving the vehicle.
Material shall not be mixed while in transit.
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
5.3.4 Pneumatic loading from bulk delivelY vehicles into blast
holes primed with electric blasting caps or odler static-sensitive
sysr.ems shall comply widl the follov.ing requirement.s:
(1) A positive grounding device shall be used to prevent the
accumulation of static electricity.
(2) A semiconductive discharge hose shall be used.
(3) A qualified person shall evaluate all systems to determine
that. they adequately dissipate static electricity under po-
tential field conditions.
5.3.5 Repairs to bulk delivery vehicles shall comply with the
following requireI1lent~:
(1) No welding or open flames shall be used on or around any
part of the delivery equipment until all oxidizing material
has been removed and the equipment has been washed
down completely.
(2) Before welding on or making repairs to hollow shafts. all
oxidizing material shall be removed from the outside anel
insicle of the shaft, and the shaft shall be vented with a
minimum l3-mm ('A~in.) dian1~ter opening.
5.4 Bulk Storage Bins.
5.4.1 The bin shall be a Type 5 magazine and shall be water-
proof.
5.4.2* The bin, including supports, shall be constructed of
compatible materials and shall be adequately supported and
braced to withstand the combination of all loads, including
impact forces arising from product movement within the bin
and accidental contact between vehicles and the support legs
of the bin.
5.4.3 The bin discharge gate shall be designed to provide a
closure tight enough to prevent leakage of the stored product.
Provision also shall be made for locking t.he discharge gate.
5.4.4 Bin-loading manways or access hatches shall be
hinged or otherwise attached to the 'bin and shall be de-
signed to allow locking.
5.4.5 Any electrically driven conveyors for loading or unload-
ing bins shall comply with the requirements of NFPA 70, Na-
timwl Elect-rical ('.od./!. They shall be designed to minimize dam-
age from corrosion.
5.4.6 Bins containing blasting agents shall be located in ac-
cordance with Table 8.4.1 with respect to inhabited buildings,
passenger railroads, and public highways.
5.4.7 Bins containing blasting agents shall be located in ac-
cordance with Table 8.4.1 and Table 8.4.2 with respect to the
storage of odler blasting agent.~ or explosives.
2001 Edition
5.4.8 Bins containing ammoniulll nitrate shall be separated
from the storage of blasting agent.~ and explosives in accor-
dance .,.,ith Table 8.4.2.
5.4.9 Good housekeeping shall be maintained in the vicinity
of any bin containing ammonium nitrate or other blasting
agent. This shall include keeping weeds and other combus-
tible materials cleared within 7.63 III (25 ft) of the bin. Accu-
mulations of spilled product shall be prevented.
5.5 Storage of Blasting Agents and Supplies.
5.5.1 Blasting agents and oxidizers used for the mixing of
blasting agents shall be st.ored in accordance with the follow-
ing requirements:
(1) Blasting agents or ammonium nim1t.e stored with other ex-
plosive materials shall be stored in accordance with the re-
quirements of Section 5.5. The total ma~s of the blasting
agents and Y.? of the mass of ammonium nio.lte shall be in-
cluded where computing the total quantity of explosive ma-
terials for der.ermining separation distance requirel1lent~.
(2) Blasting agents stored entirely separate from other explo-
sive materials shall be stored in a Type 5 magazine or a
magazine of higher classitication (Le., lower number).
(3) Magazines in which blasting agent~ are stored shall be
constructed so that there are no open floor drains or pip-
ing into which molten materials can flow and become
confined in the event. offire.
(4) Semitrailer and trailer vans used for highway or on-site trans-
portation ofbL"lSting agents shall be pennitted to be used ti.)!"
temporary storage of these materials. prO'l.ided the}' are lo-
cated in accordance with TaI)le 8.4.1 with respect to inhab-
ited buildings, passenger railways, and public highw-ays, and
in accordance with Table 8.4.2 with respect 1.0 each ot.hel'.
Trailers and semitrailers shall be provided with substantial
means for locking, and the doors shall be kept locked.
Exception: n-7l11Te stocks of blasting agents an? actually being Plcu:ed
orrnnoTled, the doOTJ of trailers and semitmilers sha.ll n.ot bll required to
be locked.
while under tbe influence of intoxicants, narcotics, or other
dangerous drugs.
5.6.5 No p~rson .shall tra?sport or carry any blasting agents
on any public vehlcle carrYlllg passengers for hire.
5.6.6 Vehicles tl-ansporting blasting agents shall be in safe
oper.uing condition at all times.
5.6.7 Where bla~t.illg agen!s are transport.ed ovel- public high-
ways,. the packagmg, markmg, and labeling of containers of
blastll1g agents shaH comply with U.S. Deparonent of Trans-
pOl.tation regulations.
5:6.8 Vehicles used for transporting blasting agent.~ on public
hlghways.shaH be placarded in accordance "ith U.S. Depart-
ment of Transponation regulations.
5.7 Use ~fBlastil1g ~gel1ts. Persons using blasting agents shaH
comply With aH apphcable requirements of Chapters 4 and 9.
Chapter 6 Water Gel and Emulsion
Explosive Materials
6.1 Scope. For the plll'poses of this chapter. the term "wat.er
gel" shall refer to .~ater gel explosive materials or emuL~ion
explosive materials.
6.2 Types and Classifications. Watel' gels shall be classified as
Di~ision 1. lD or Division 1.5D Explosives in accordance 'with
U.S. D.eparonent of Transportation regulations. They shall be
m~nutactured. transported, stored, and used a~ specified by
thiS code.
.Exception: Where otherwise sjJi'cifil'd in this chapter.
6.3 Fixed Location Mixing.
6.3.1 Buildings or other facilities used for mixing water
gels shall be located in accordance with Table 8.4.1 with
respect to inhabited ~u.ildings. p~senger railroads, and public
lu!Shways. In determmlllg the dlstances separating highways,
rallwa(~s, al1~ inhabited buildings from potential explosions,
as specified m Table 8.4.1, the sum of all masses that can
propagate (i.e., that lie at distances less than tllOse specified by
Table 8.4.2 from either individual or combined dOli or masses
shall be included. However, where ammonium nitrate is re-
quired to be included, only one-half of its mass shall be used
because of its reduced bla~t effects.
6..3.2 Buildin~s used for the mixing of water gels shall comply
With the followmg requirements:
(1) Buildings shall he construct.ed of noncombustible mat.eri-
als or of sheet metal on wood studs.
(2) Floors shall be of concrete or other noncombustible ma-
terial. They shall be constructed without open floor
drains and without piping into which molt.en materials
could flow and become confined in the event of fire.
(3) ""'here fuel oil is used, fuel oil storage facilities shall be
separated from the mixing plant and located so that the
oil will drain away from the mixing building in case of
t.ank rupture.
(4) The mixing building shall be well ventilated.
(f>) Heating units that do not depend on the combustion of
~uel shall be permitted ~o be used in the mL'<ing build-
mg, where properly deSigned and located. Direct-fired
heating units shall be located outside of the mixing
building.
5.5.2 Piles of ammonium nitrate and warehouses cont.aining
ammonium nitrate shall be separated adequately from readil}'
combustible fuels.
5.5.3 Caked oxidizer, either in bags or in bulk, shall not be
loosened by blasting.
5.5.4 Every magazine used for the storage of blasting agents
shall be under the supervision of a compet.ent person who
shall be at least 21 years old.
5.6 Transportation of Packaged Blasting Agents.
5.6.1 Where blasting agents are transported in the same ve-
hicle with other explosive materials, all the requirements of
Chapter 7 shall be met.
5.6.2 Vehicles transporting blasting agents shall be driven by
and shall be in the charge of only those drivers who are at least
21 years old, who are capable, careful, and reliable, and who
possess a valid motor vehide operator's license. The driver
shall be familiar with state vehicle and traffic laws.
5.6.3 No matches, firearms, acids, or other corrosive liquids
shall be canied in the bed or body of any vehicle carrying
bla~ting agents.
5.6.4 No person shall be permitted to ride on, drive, load, or
unload a vehicle containing blasting agents while smoking or
(6) Internal combust.ion engines used to generate electrical
power shall be located outside of the mi:o..'ing building or
shall be isolated by a fire partition and shall be ventilated
properly. The engine exhatL~t system shall be located so
that any sparks emissioll callnot end<Ulger any materials
in or acljacent t.o the mixing building.
Exception: Where othmvise specificaUy approl,e.rI by the authority
having jurisdiction.
6.3.3 The ingredients used in water gels shall comply with the
following requirement.~:
(1) Ingredients c1assitJed as explosives shall be stored as re-
quired by Chapter 8.
(2) Nitrate-water solutions shall be stored in tank cars, tank
trucks, or tixed tanks ,vithout quantity-distance limit..-
lions. Spills or leaks that could cont.an1inate combustible
materials shall be cleaned immediatelv.
(3) Metal powders, such as aluminum, sh~1I be kept dry and
shall be stored in cont.ainers or bins that are moisture
resistant or weathertight.
(4) Ingredients shall not be stored with incompatible materials.
(5) Peroxides or chI orates shall not be used.
6.3.4 Mixing equipment shall meet the following requirements:
(I) The design of the processing equipment, including mix-
ing and conveying equipment, shall be compatible with
the materials being handled. The equipment shall be de-
signed to minimize frictional heating, compaction, over-
loading, and confinement.
(2) I':quipment ,md handling procedures shall be designed to
prevent t.he introduction offoreign objects or material.
(3) Mixers, pumps. valves, and related equipment shall be de-
signed to allow regular and periodic flushing, cleaning.
dismantling, and inspection.
(4) All electrical equipment and wiring shall comply Willi
NFPA 70, National Elect'rical Code.
(5) Electric motors and generators shall be provided with
suitable overload protection de\ices. All motors, genera-
tors, proportioning devices, and all other electrical enclo-
sures shall be bonded. The grounding conductor to all
such equipment shall be effectively bonded to the service-
entrance ground connection and to all equipment
grotmd connections in order to provide a continuous
path to ground.
6.3.5 Mixing facilit.ies shall meet the following requirements:
(1) The mixing, loading, and ingredient transfer areas where
residues and spilled materials can accumulate shall be
kept safe. A cleaning and collection system shall be pro-
vided for dangerous residues.
(2) A visual inspection of the mixing, conveying, and elec-
trical equipment shall b{, mad{, dailv to ensure that all
equipment is in good operating cOl~diti()n. A program
of systematic maintenance shall be' carried out on a
regular schedule.
(3) Heating units that do not depend on the combustion of
fuel shall be permitted to be used within the confInes of
the processing building or area, provided they are
equipped with temperature and safety controls and pro-
vided they are located away from combustible materials
and finished product.
2001 Edition
495-12
EXPLOSIVE MATERIAL'> CODE
ABOVEGROUND STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS
495-13
6.4 Bulk Mixing and Delivery Vehicles.
6.4.1 Vehicle design shall meet the following requirements:
(1) Vehicles used for bulk transportat.ion of wat.er gels shall
meet the requirements of Chapter 7 and Section 5.6.
(2) \-\-'here electrical power is supplied by a self,contained
mot.or-generat()r located on the vehide. the generator shall
be separat.ed from the discharge point of the water gel.
(3) Processing equipment shall comply with 6,3.3 and 6.3.4.
(4) A positive action parking brake dIat sets me brakes on at
least one axle shall be provided on vehicles equipped with
air brakes. This brake shall be llsed during bulk delivery
opel'atiolls. ""'here required, wheel chocks shall be used.
6.4.2 Opel~ltion of bulk mixing and delivery vehicles shall
meet the following requirement;: .
(1) The vehicle operator shall be trained in the safe opera-
tion of the vehicle and shall be knowledgeable of its mix-
ing, conveying, and related equipment. The operator
shall be familiar with the commodities being delivered
and the general procedures for handling emergencies.
(2) No person shall smoke, carry matches or any name-
producing device. or cany any tirearms while in or around
bulk vehicles aB:ecting the mixing, tnU1sfer, or down-the-
hole loading of water gels at or near the blasting site.
(3) Caution shall be exercised in moving dle vehicle within dle
blasting area to avoid driving the vehicle over or dragging
hoses over firing lines, cap wires, or explosive materials. The
driver shall obtain the assistance of a second person to guide
the drivel"s movements while moving the vehide.
(4) Material shall not be mixed while in transit..
(5) The location dlOs~n for transferring dle wat.er gel or its in-
gredients from a support vehicle to tlle borehole-loading ve-
hicle shall be awar ti'om the blast hole site where the bore-
holes are loaded or are in the process of being loaded.
6.5 Storage of Water Gels.
6.5.1 Wat.er gels shall be stored as required by Chapter 8.
6.5.2 Vv11ere tests on specific formulations result: in a Division
1.2 or Division 1.3 Explosives classification, bullet-resistant
rnagazines shall not. be required. (See 8.2. 4,)
6.5.3 Semitrailer vans; tr.liler vans. or tanks used f()r dIe trans-
port.ation of water gels shall be permitted for t.empoI<\f}' storage
of these materials, provided they are located in accordance wit.h
Table 8.4.1 with respect to inhabited buildings, passenger rail-
ways, and public highways, and in accordance with Table 8.4.2
with respect to each other. Trailers and semitrailers shall be
provided with substamial means for locking, and the doors.
hatches, and valves shall be kept locked. Locking mechanisms
shall be as specified for Type 5 magazines. (See 8.6,5.)
ExcejJtion: Whe'TJ! stocks of water gels am actuaUy being loaded or
removed, the doo1"S of trailers and semitrailers shall not be required
to be locked. '
Chapter 7 Transportation of Explosive Materials
on Highways
7.1 Basic Requirements.
7.1.1 In addition to all other applicable requirements of this
c~de, the transport,l.tion of explosive materiaLs shall comply
\lmh U.S. Department of Transportation, Title 49, CO(le of Fed-
2001 Edition
eral Regu.lations, "Hazardous Materials Regulations." Parts 100-
179, and Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, "Federal Motor
CalTier Safety Regulations," Part 397.
7.1.2 This chapter shall not apply to the transportation of
small anns ammunition and components. (See Chapter 13.)
7.1.3 Explosive materials ~hall not be transported through
any prohibited vehicular tunnel or subway or over any prohib-
ited bridge, roadway, or elevated highway.
7.1.4 No person shall smoke or carry matches, flame-
producing devices, or unau thorized firearms or cartridges
while transporting explosive materials.
7.1.5 No person shall drive, load, or unload a motor vehicle
. transporting explosive mat.erials in a careless or reckless manner.
7.1.6 Explosive materials shall not be carried or transported
in or upon a public conveyance or vehicle carrying passengers
for hire.
Table 7.2.6 Number of Extingl.1ishers to Be Used According
to Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW)
Tnlcks less than 6350 kg
(14,OOOlb)
At least 2 extinguishers
having combined
capacity of 4-A:20-B,C
At. least 2 extinguishers
having combined
capacity of 4-A:70-B.C
class of the explosive in the vehicle and its inherent dangers
,md shall have been instructed in t.he procedures to be t'ol-
lowed in order to protect the public from t.hose dangers. The
attendant. shall be familiar widl the vehicle assigned and shall
be provided with the training, necessalY means. and authori-
zation to move the vehicle where required.
7.3.5 For the purpose of this chapter. a motor vehicle shall be
considered "attended" only when the driver or attendant is
physically on or in dle vehicle or when the vehicle is within
his/hel' field of vision and the driver can reach it quickly and
without interference. "Attended" also shall mean that the
driver or attendant is awake. alert. and not. engaged in olller
duties or activities that could divert attention from t.he vehicle.
Exception No.1: This req'L,i1li1ne'nt shall not llPply whe:re communi-
cation with jnLblic officers or n1Jresenultives of the shiPper, carrier, or
comignee or (Ibsent from the VI:hide to obtain food or jnwide for physi-
cal comfort is necessm'].
1!.x-ception No.2: A vehicle canying explosive materi(tls shall be p,'r-
mittcd to be left -unattended, jnvvided it is parked in an area where
such pm'king is permitted, such as an (ITe(~ m/:eting the requimrumts of
NFPA 498, Standard for Safe Havens and Interchange Lots fin' Hi-
hides Transporting Explosives.
7.3.6 No spark-producing metal or tools; ,oils, matches, fire-
arms. e1ect.ric storage batteries, flammable materials, acids,
oxidizers. or corrosives shall be carried in t.he body of any
motor vehicle transporting explosive mat.erials.
Exception: When! permitted by the US. DefJarl1l1.ent o(TramjJoTtation
"Hazardous Materials ReguuLtions. "
7.3.7 Vehicles tnmsporting explosive materials shall avoid
congested areas and heav)' trallic. \-Vhere routes through con-
gested areas have been designat.ed by the authority havingju-
riscliction, such routes shall be followed.
7.3.8 Delivery shall be made only to authorized persons and
into authorized magazines or approved temporary storage or
handling areas.
Chapter 8 Aboveground Storage
of Explosive Materials
8.1 Scope.
8.1.1 Explosive mat.erials shall be kept in magazines meeting
t.he requirements of this chapt.er.
8.1.2 This chapter shall not apply to tlle storage of small arms
ammunition, propellant-actuated cartridges, small arms am-
munition primers, and smokeless propellant~. (See ChajJter13.)
8.2 Basic Requirements.
8.2.1 All explosive materials not in the process of manuf;lc-
ture, transportation, or use shall be kept in storage magazines.
8.2.2 Ammonium nitrate shall be pennitted to be stored in
dle same magazine with blasting agents. Ammonium nitrate
and blasting agents shall be pennitted to be stored in the same
magazine widl other explosive materials. (See 8.2.3.)
8.2.2.1 ""'here ammonium nitrate is stored in the same maga-
zine with blasting agents, the magazine shall be suitable for
the storage of blasting agents.
2001 Edition
Tmcks 6350 kg (14,000 Ib) or
greater and
tractor/semitrailer units
7.2.6.4 ,\-\-'here mowr vehicles are operated in I:empel~ll.\lres
below -17.80C (OOF), elry chemical extinguishers shall be pres-
surized with nit.rogen.
7.2.7 A motor vehicle used for transporting explosive materi-
als shall be inspected to determine that it is in propt,r condi-
tion. The following items shall be verified:
(1) The fire extinguisher is filled andin working order.
(2) All electrical wiring is complet.ely protected and securely
fastened to prevent short-circuiting.
(3) The chassis, motor, oil pan, and body undersides a1'e rea-
sonably dean and free of excess oil and grease.
(4) The fuel tank and fuel lines are secure and free of leaks.
(5) The brakes, lights. horn, windshield wipers, and steering
apparatus are funct.ioning properly.
(6) The tires are inflated properly and free of defects.
(7) The vehicle is in the proper condition in every other re-
spect and is acceptable for handling explosive materials.
7.2.8 Tires shall be checked for proper inflation and general
condition after every 2 hours or Hi1 km .(100 miles) of travel.
whichever occurs first, and at every rest stop. Flat or over-
heated tires shall be removed from the vehicle immediately.
After removal, the tire shall be placed far enough from the
vehicle so that a spontaneous ignition of the tire does not.
endanger the vehicle or its cargo. The tire shall be cooled
below the danger of ignition, and the problem shall be cor-
rected before it is replaced on the vehide.
7.3 Operation of Transportation Vehicles.
7.3.1 Vehicles trallSporting explosive materials shan be
driven by and be in the charge of only a properly licensed
driver who is physically fit, careful, capable, reliable. and able
to read and write the English language and who is not ad-
dicted to the use of, or under dIe influence of, intoxicants,
narcotics, or other dangerous dmgs.
7.3.2 The driver of a vehicle u"ansporting explosive materials
on public highways shall be not less than 21 years old. The
driver shall be familiar with traffic regulations, ~pplicable fed-
eral and state regulations concerning explosive materials, and
the pw\isions of this chapter.
7.3.3 No vehicle transporting explosive materials shall be
parked before reaching its destination, even while attended.
on any public su-eet, adjacent to or in proximit.y to any bridge,
tunnel, dwelling, building, or place where people work, con-
gregate, or assemble.
Exception: This requil"ernent shall not apply under emergency con-
ditions.
7.3.4 Every motor vehicle transporting any quantity of Class A
'or B explosives shall, at all times, be attended by a driver OJ'
other qualified representative of the motor carrier operating
the vehicle. This att.endant shall have been made aware of the
7.1.7 Explosive materials shall not be transferred from one
vehicle 1:0 another without informing the local authority hav-
ing jurisdiction. In the event of breakdown or collision. the
local authority having jurisdiction shall be notified promptly
to help safeguard such emergencies. Explosive materials shall
be transferred from the disabled vehicle to another only
where proper and qualified supervision is provided. '
7.1.8 Detonators shall not be t.ransported in the same vehicle
with other Class 1 materials (Class A or Class B explosives).
Exception: As !Jel'mitted by the US. Department (if Tmnsportation in
Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 173.63.
7.2 Transportation Vehicles.
7.2.1 Vehicles used for transporting explosive materials shall
be strong enough to carry the load and shall be .in good me.-
chanical condition.
7.2.2 V';1lere explosive materials are transported on a vehicle
\"Iith an open body, a portable magazine, securely fastened to
the vehicle body, shall be used to store the explosive lIlaterial~.
7.2.3 Vehicles used for transporting explosive materials
shall have 110 exposed spark-producing surface on the in-
side of the body.
Excefltion: This requi-rernent shall not ajl-ply to l'ehiclR.s transport'ing
blasting agents a.nd oxidizing 1Ilaterials.
7.2.4 The floors oftr.1nsportltion vehicles shall be light.
7.2.5 Motor vehicles used f'or t.ransporting any quantity of
explosive mat.erials on public highways shall display all plac-
ards. lettering, or numbering required by t.he U.S, Depart-
ment ofTransportat.ion.
7.2.6 Each motor vehicle used for transporting explosive ma-
terials shall be equipped with fire extinguishers in accordance
with Table 7.2.6.
7.2.6.1 Only listed fire extingllishers shall be llsed. Fire extin-
guishers shall be designed, con~tructed, and maintained to allow
a visual detelmination that extinguishers are fully charged.
7.2.6.2 Extinguishers shall be located where they are acces-
sible for immediate qse.
7.2.6.3 Extinguishers shall be examined and recharged peri-
odically according to manufacturers' recommendations.
, .
495 14
EXPLOSIVE MATERIAl.<i CODE
ABOVEGROUND STOR\GE OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIAL.')
495-15
8.2.2.2 Where ammonium nitrate is stored in the same maga-
zine with explosives or \v;th explosives and blasting agents, the
magazine shall be suitable for the st()rage of explosives.
8.2.2.3 In determining the maximum quantity of explosive
material that shall be permitted to be placed in a magazine,
(me-half the weight of the ammonium nitrate shall be added
1.0 the weight of the explosive material.
8.2.3 Detonators shall be stored in a separate magazine for
blasting supplies and shall not be stored in a magazine with
otller explosive materials.
8.2.4 Explosive materials classified as Division I, I or Division
1.2 by the U.S. Department of Transportation shall be stored
in Type 1, 2, or 3 magazines.
Excepti.on: Bla;;k powder shaa be permitted to be stored i.n a Type 4
magazine m' a magazine of higher classifir-atwn (i.e., lnwer tylle number j.
8.2.5 Division 1.5 explosive materials (bh~ting agent~) shall
be permitted to be stored in a Type 5 magazine or a magazine
of higher c1assitlcation (i.e., lower type number).
8.3 Classification and Use of Magazines.
8.3.1 Outdoor magazines shall be classified and used in ac-
cOl'dance with Table 8.3.1 (a) and Table 8.3.1 (b).
8.3.2 Indoor magazines llsed for the storage of 22.7 kg
(50 lb) or less of explosive materials in warehouses and in
wholesale or retail establishments shall be fire resistant and
theft resistant and shall be subject to the approval of the au-
thority havingjurisdiction.
8.4 Location of Magazines.
8,4.1 All outdoor m,~gazines other than TYlle 3 shall be lo-
cated to comply with tlle American Table of Distal1ces for Stor-
age of Explosives (ADT) or the Table of Distances for Stor~ge
of Low Explosives, as applicable. (See Table 8.4.1 forthe.4m.eTlcan
Ta.b/.e of Distances. See Tille 27, Corle of Federal Regu.latiom, Po.rl 55.
for the "Table of Distances for Low Explosives, ")
8.4.2 Blasting agent manufacturing plants and storage of
blasting agent.s and ammonium nitrate shall. be loc~ted ~n
compliance with the T~ble of Recommended Separation D1s-
tances of Ammonium Nitrate and Blasting Agents (SDT) as
well as with tllC American Table of Distances. (See Table 8.4.1
and TItbie 8.4.2.)
8.4.3 The separation dist.ances provided by the American
Table of Distances or the Table of Recommended Separation
Distances, or both, shall be used to determine minimum sepa-
ration of storage facilities for explosives, blasting agents, ,md
ammonium nit.rate. The t.ables to be used shall be as specified
in Table 8.4.~t
8.4,4 An indoor magazine shall be located only on a floor
that has an en trance ~t or a ramp to grade level. It shall be
located no more than 3 m (10 ft.) from the entrance. It shall be
located as approved by the authority having jurisdiction to
facilitate rapid removal in an emergency.
8.4.5 Two magazines shall be permitted to be located in the
same building, pro~;ded one magazine is used solely for the stor-
age of detonators in quantities not exceeding 5000. A distance of
3 III (] Oft) shall be maintained belween the magazines.
2001 Edition
Table 8.3.1(a) Construction Features of Magazines
Classification and Use of Magazine Types
Magazines/ Construction 1 2 3 4 5
Features
Permanent X X X
Portable X X X X
Bullet resistallt X X
Fire resistallt X X X Xl Xl
Theft resistant X X X X X~
Weather resistant X X X X X
Vent.ilated X X X Xl Xl
1 ()ver-ule-road trucks or semitI<lilers used for temporary storage as
Type <1 or Type 5 magazines shall not be required to be fire resistanl or
ven tilated,
2Each door of a mobile Type 5 magazine shall be equipped with at
least one five-tumbler padlock having a 9.5-mlll ('I.-in.) case-hardened
shadle. The lock shall not. be required to be hooded.
Table 8.3.1(b) Allowable Storage in Magazines
Magazine Types
Storage .in Magazines 2 3 4 5
High explosives (1.1 D) X X X
(Class A explosives)
including dynamites;
cap-sensitive emulsions;
slurries and water gels; cast
boosters
Black powder (1.1 D) (Class X X X X
A explosives); defined as
low explosive by the BA TF
for storage
Detonators (1.1 B) (Class A X X X
explosives)
Detonating cords (1.1 D, 1.2 X X X
D, 1.4 G) (Class A or Class
C explosives)
Detonators (1.4 B, 1.4 S) X X X X
(Class C explosives)
Safety fuse, electric squibs, X X X X
igniters, and igniter cord
(I.4G,1.4S)
Blasting agents (1.5 D) X X X X X
(blasting agents)
Propellants (1.3 C) (Class B X X X X
explosives); defined as low
explosive by the BATF for
storage
lable 8.4. ~ The Americn~ Table of Distances fol' Storage of Explosives
n,e Amencan Table of DL<tllnces is reprinted from IME Safety Library Pt,blicatioll No.2 ",itb permi....ion of the Institute
of Makers of Explosives, and was revised in JWle of 1991.
Dist.mce in ft
Passenger Railways - Public
Highways with Traffic Volume of
More thlID 3000
V ehicle.</Day' 0,11
Quantity of
l:xpJosive
Materials 1,1,3.4
Public Highw,,{"
Class A to D'
Separation of A-fagazines12
Inhabited Buildings'
Pound< Pounds
Over Not Over Barrit:aded4..7,S Unbarricaded Barricaded"' 7.S Unbarricaded Barricaded".7 .. Unbarricaded Barricaded6.7.8 Unbarrica4ed
0 5 70 140 30 60 51 102 6 12
r) 10 90 180 35 70 64 128 8 16
10 20 110 220 45 90 81 162 10 20
20 30 125 250 50 100 93 ]86 II 22
30 40 HO 280 55 110 ]03 20G 12 24
-10 50 150 300 60 120 110 220 14 28
50 75 170 340 70 140 127 254 15 30
75 100 190 380 75 150 r39 278 16 32
100 12[, 200 400 80 160 150 300 18 36
125 ISO 215 430 85 170 159 1118 19 38
150 200 235 470 95 190 17" 350 21 42
200 250 25." 510 105 210 189 378 23 46
250 300 270 540 110 220 201 402 24 48
300 400 2~)5 &90 120 240 221 H2 '27 54
400 500 320 640 130 260 238 47G 29 58
&00 600 340 680 135 270 25:~ 506 31 62
600 700 355 710 145 2!JO 261) 532 32 64
700 800 375 750 150 300 278 556 33 66
800 gOO 3UO 780 155 310 289 578 3f, 70
900 1000 400 800 160 320 300 600 % 72
1000 1200 425 850 165 330 318 636 39 78
12(1) 1400 450 900 170 340 336 672 ,11 82
1400 1600 470 940 175 3&0 351 702 43 86
1600 1800 490 980 180 1160 '366 732 44 88
.1800 2000 [,05 1010 185 370 378 7&6 4& 90
2000 2&00 5J15 1090 190 380 408 816 49 98
2500 3000 580 1160 1% 390 432 864 52 104
3000 4()(JO 635 1270 21U 420 474 948 58 116
4000 5000 685 1370 225 'ISO &13 .1026 6.1 122
5000 f,{)OO 730 1460 235 470 546 ]092 65 130
6000 7.000 7iO 1540 245 490 573 1146 ()8 .136
7000 8000 800 1600 250 500 600 1200 72 144
8000 9000 835 1670 255 510 624 1248 75 150
9000 10.000 865 1730 260 520 645 1290 78 156
10,000 12,000 875 1750 270 540 687 1374 82 164
12,000 14.000 885 1770 275 550 723 1446 87 174
14,000 16,000 900 1800 280 5t)() 756 1512 90 180
16.000 18.000 9'10 1880 285 570 786 1572 94 188
18,000 20,000 975 1950 290 580 813 1626 98 196
20.000 25,000 1055 2000 315 G30 87G 1752 105 2W
25.000 30,000 1130 2000 340 680 933 1866 112 224
30,000 35.000 1205 2000 360 720 981 1962 119 238
35,000 40,000 1275 2000 380 760 1026 2000 124 248
4O,OUO 45.000 13.W 2000 400 800 1068 2000 129 258
4&,000 50,000 1400 2000 420 840 1104 2000 135 270
50.000 55.000 H60 2000 440 880 1140 2000 140 280
55,000 '60,000 1&15 2000 455 910 1173 2000 145 290
60.000 (;5,000 1565 2000 470 940 1206 2000 150 300
65,000 70,000 1610 2000 485 ,970 1236 2000 155 310
70.000 75.000 lti55 2000 500 1000 1263 2000 160 320
Notes;
1. Detonators that are mass detonating shall not be stored in the same
magazine with other explosive materials, .
2. Detonators that are not mass detonating shall be perrnltt.ed to be
stored with safety fuses, elecu'ic squibs, igniters, 01' igniter cord in Type
1,2,3, or 4 magazines.
(.:on/;.nuc.. )
2001 Edition
495-16
EXPLOSIVE MATERIAL<; CODE
Table 8.<1.1 C"nti/l/led
=
Distance in ft
Passenger Railways - Public
Highways with Traffic Volume of
More than 3000
Vehicles/Day'O.II
Quantity of
Explosive
~:latedalsl.:l.3,4
Separation of l\olagazine..u
Inhabit.d Buildings"
Public High"...~"S
Class A to DI
Pound. Pounds
Over Not Over B;,nricaded1i,7,8 Unbarricaded Barricadedfi. 7,8 Unbarricaded Barricaded6.7.9 Ullbarricaded BaJ.Ticaded6.7.8 Ullbarricacled
75,000 80,000 1695 2000 510 1020 1293 2000 165 3~\0
80.000 85,000 1730 2000 520 1040 1317 2000 170 340
85,000 90.000 1760 2000 530 1060 1344 2000 175 3[,0
90,000 95,000 1790 2000 540 1080 1,168 2000 180 :160
95,000 lOO.OOIl 1815 20110 545 1090 1392 2000 185 370
1ll0.OOO 110,000 1835 2000 550. 1100 1437 2000 J95 390
110,rlOO 120,000 1855 2000 555 1110 1479 2000 205 410
120,000 130,000 1875 :!OOO 560 H2O 1521 2000 215 '130
130.000 140,000 1890 2000 565 1130 1557 2000 225 450
HO,OOO 150,000 1900 2000 570 1140 159,\ 2000 235 470
150,000 160,000 1935 2000 580 1160 1629 2000 245 490
160,000 170,000 1965 2000 590 1180 1662 2000 2,,5 510
170,000 180,000 1990 2000 600 1200 1695 201111 26[) 530
180,OOIl 190,000 2010 201() 6115 12.10 1725 20110 275 550
190,1l1l0 200,01l0 21130 2030 610 1220 1755 2000 285 5711
200,000 210,000 2055 2055 620 1240 1782 2000 295 590
210,000 230,000 2100 2100 635 1270 1836 2000 315 630
2:10,000 250,000 2155 21"" 650 1300 1890 2000 335 670
250.000 275,000 221:) 2215 670 1340 1950 2000 :\60 720
275,O1l0 ,100,000 2275 2275 t,90 1380 2000 2000 385 7711
Supc.rscript numerals refer to explanatory footnotes.
Explanatory Note. Essential to dle Application of the American Table of Distances for Storage of Explosives
Note .1: "Explosive mat.erials" means explosives. blasting agents, and detOnators.
Note 2: "Explosive," means 'my chemical compound, mixture, or devi"e. the primary or common purpose of which is to fun"tion h)' explosion. A list of explosive,
dCl.ermined to be within !.he cover..ge 0(Title'18, UTlited St"tl!!i C"de, Chapter 40. "Importation. Maoufactu,re, Distrihution and Sw"'g~ of ExplOSive Matetials;' IS issued
at least annually by the DIrector o\'lhe Bureau of Alcobol, Tohacco, and Flre,mns of the Department of the freasllry. Forquant'ty and dIstance purposes. <letonat1l1g COl'd
of 50 grains per foot should he calculated a, equivalent to 8 lb (3.7 kg) of high explosives per 10llO ft (305 m). Heavier or lighter core loads should be rated
proportiomllely.
Note 3: "Blast.ing ..gem.," means any m..terial or mixture COIlSisting offuel ..nd oxidizer, intended for blasting, and not othelwise defined as an explo,ive, provided that
the tinished produc.L 'IS mixed for tlSe or sbipment. cannot be detonated by lIleans of a No.8 test bl:..ting cap where uncontined.
Not.e ,1: "Detonator" meallS allY device COllclining any initiating or primaty explosive that is used for initiating detonation. A detomttor may not be penniued to contain
more l.h'lll 10 g of total explosives by weight. excluding ignition or dday charges. The term includes, but is not limited to, electric bhL'ting a.ps of inst..nlaneo"s and
delay types, blasting c.aps for uS< with safety fu~es, det~lIlating cord dday connect?", ..nd nonelectridnst.antaneOllil and dday blasting caps that use detonating cord,
shock tube, or any other replacement for c1ectnc.leg WIres. AIIl:}l><:S of detonators 11l strengths throngh No.8 cap should be rawd at I Y, 11.> (0.7 kg) of explOSIves per 1000
caps. For strengths higher than No.8 cap. the manufacturer should be consultec\.
Note 5: "Maga7jne" means any bnilcling, structure, or container, other than an explosives manuf,":turing building, approved for the storage of explosive malerials.
Note 6: "Natural barricade" meatL' natuml features of the ground, such as hills, or timber of sufficient density that the surrounding exposures tbat need protection
cannot be seen from the magazine wh~n the treeS are hare ofleaves.
Not.e 7: "Artificial banicade'" n1ean~ an artiticialllloulLd or revetled wal1 of earth of a minimum thkklie5.'i of 3 ft (0.9 m).
Note 8: "Barricaded" means the effective screening of a building containing explosive materials from the magazine or another building, a milway, or a highway by a
natural or an anif1cial ban;er. Astraightline from the LOp ofany sidewall of the building containing explosive materials to t.he eave line orany magazine or olher buildmg
or to a point 1.2 ft (3.7 m) above the cemer of a railway or high,,,,,y shall pass through such harrier.
No..., 9: -Inhabited building" means a building regularly occupied in whole?r part as a habi",;tion for human beings! orany c.hurd!, sch?olhouse, railroad station, swre,
or othe!' structure where people are accustomed to assemble, but does not mdude any bUlldmg or structure occupIed Ul connection WIth the manufacture, tmnsporta.
don, storage. or use of ex.plo~ive materials.
Note 10: "Raihv<.\y" means any steam, electric. of other rai.lrOtld or l'clihvay that carries passengers for hire.
Note II: "Highway" means allY puhlic street, public alley, or I>ublic road.
Note 12: W1\ere two or more storage magazines are located on the ""me property, eacb magazine shall comply with tbe minimum disl.aTl<:es 'l'ecitied from inhabited
buildings, railways. and highways, and, in addition, they should be separated from each other by not less th..n the distances shown for 'separation of mag;mnes." except
that the quantit)' of explosive materials contain"d in detonator mag<\ziIleS shall govem with regard to the spacing of said detonator magazines from magazines
contai~ling other (~xpl()sive m;'lterials: If i.U1{ two or more ~nagazines are sefarate,~ from each :)thel' by l~ss than th~ specified hseparnlion of magaz.h~~sl) dista~ces. .such
nlagazmes, ... a "roup, shall be consldcre, as one magazme, and the tota quantity of explOSIve matenals stored m such group sball be treated as.f st.on,d m a smgle
magazine locat.ed on the site of any magazine of the group, and shall comply with the minimum specified distances fl'Oll1 other magazines. inhabited buildings. rail,omys.
and highways.
Note 13: Storage in escess of 300,000 lb (130.200 kg) of explosive materials in one magazine generally is not 'Iecessal)' for commercial enterprises.
Note 14: ~his table applies only t.o the m"nuf.ctl~re and pennallent storage of commercial explosive materi:>!s. It is llot applicable to the transporta.tion of explosives or
all)' bandhng or temporary storage necessa!)' or mCldent thereto. It IS not Intended to apply t.o bombs, pr~lecules, or other heavtlv encased explOSIVes.
~()le ~5: Wlu:re.a manufa~ull:ing building on ~.lTl explo~ive materials plant sit~.' designed to COl!tain eXI'I~"ive material., the buildi~g shall be located at a distance fr~lm
llIhabned bntlcbngs, pubhc hIghways, ""d p..,,'enger ratlways ill accordance wlt.h the Amencan labl. ofDlSt:lIlces based on the maXllllUJ1\ quanuty of explOSIve matenals
pennitt.cd to be in the building at one lim~.
2001 Edition
ABOVEGROUND STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS
495 17
Table 8.4,2 Table of Recommended Separation Dist;U1ces of Ammoniwn Nitrate and Blasting Agents from Explosives or Blasting Agentsl..
Donor Weight Minimum Separation Distance of Acceptor when
B,lrIicaded (ft)2
Pounds Over Pounds Not Over Ammonium Nitrate3 Minimum Thickness of
Blasting Agel1t4 ArtifIcial Banicades5 (in,)
100 3 1I 12
100 300 4 14 12
300 600 5 18 12
600 1000 6 22 .12
1000 1600 7 25 12
1600 2000 8 29 12
2000 3000 9 32 E,
3000 4000 10 36 15
4000 6000 II 40 .15
6000 SOOO 12 43 20
SOOO 10,000 13 47 20
10,000 12,000 14 50 20
12,000 16,000 15 5.1 25
16,000 20,000 16 58 25
20,000 25.000 18 65 25
25,000 30,000 19 68 30
30,000 35,000 20 7? 30
35,000 40,000 2] 76 30
.to,OOO 45,000 22 79 35
-1:'>,000 50,000 23 83 Q"
.:)~)
50,000 55,000 24 86 35
55,000 60,000 25 90 35
60,000 70,000 26 94 40
70,000 80,000 28 101 40
80,000 90,000 30 108 40
90,000 JOO,OOO 32 lIS 40
100,000 120,000 34 122 50
120,000 140,000 37 1:'\3 50
110,000 160,000 '10 144 :,0
160,000 180,000 44 158 ,,0
180.000 200,000 48 17:\ 50
200,000 220.000 52 187 60
220,000 250,000 56 202 60
250,000 275,000 60 216 60
275,000 300,000 64 230 60
For 51 Units: lib = 0.454 kg; 1 [t = 0.305 m; I in. = 2.54 em
Notes to Table of Recommended Sep~ration Distances of Ammonium Nitrate and Bl..~ting Agents fJ'Om l<:xplosives or Blasting Agent~
Note I: ~eco~rnend~c1 separation (~Istances ~e to prevem explosion of amrno~liutII niu'ate and ammonium niu'at.e.based blasting agents by
pro~.agauon flon.1 nearby ~l:Or.e:5. of hl.gh explOSIVes or blast~ng a~ents referred ~o m ~he table as .th(~ "donor." Ammonium nitrate, by itself~ is not
c~nsldere~ to be. ,I donorv.hele ap~IY'~g Ihts table. Anl1n01ll11111111trate, ammOlllum nllmte--fue! OIl, or combinations thereof are acceptors. If stores
o( ammt~nll1m IlI1~ate are located Mthm the sympathetic detonation distance of explosives or blasting agents, If! the mass orthe ammonium nitr<lte
shall be mduded III the maS5 of the donor.
~.~te 2: "~l\ere. ~e ammon~u?,~ l1itrat~ or blast!ng agent, or both, i~ not b~rricaded, the distances s?own in the table shall be multiplied by 6. These
( ISta~ces ~lIow lor the pOSSIbility oflugh veloclt)'meL:J :ragments from mixers, hop~ers. truck boches, sheet meL'\1 slIucmres, metal containers. and
th.e lIke that c~uld enclose .the dnnor. Vv11er~ storag~ tS m bulleHeslStant magazmes recommended for explosives or where the storage is protected
b) a bul~eH eSlStant wa~, dIStances and balTlCade thlckne5ses in excess of those prescribed in the American Table of Distances are not required.
Not~. 3: fhe dIstances m the table apply to ammonium nitrate that pa.'\Ses the insensitivity test prescribed in tlle definition of ammonium nitrate
feruhzer promulgated by the Fertilizer Institute;" ammonium nitrate failing to pass said test shall be 5tored at separation dismnces determined by
competent persons and approved by the authority havingjurisc1iction.
~ote 4: Th~se dis.la.nces apply to blasting agents that pass the insensiti'~ty test prescribed in regulations oftlw U.S. Department of Transportation
and the U.S. Dep.u lInent of the Treasury, Bmeau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms.
Not~ 5: Earth, sand dik~s, or enclosur<:.'S filkd with tJle prescribed minimum thickness of earth or sand shall be perinittt,d to be used as artificial
barncades. Natural barncades, such as hills or timbel' of sufficient density that the surrounding exposures that need protection cannot. be seen frol11
the clonor when the trees are bare ofleaves, also shall be permitted to be used.
Note .6: For determi?ing t.he dist.ances to be maintained from inhabited buildings, passenger railw'ays, and public highways, Table 8.4.1, t.he
~encan Tabl.e of DiStances for Storage of Explosives, shall be used.
For construct.lon ofbulleHesistant magazines, see Annex C.
2 Definition and Te.fl Procedures for Ammonium NitJ'ale Fertiliur, Fertilizer Instit.ute, November 1964.
2001 t::dition
495-18
EXPLOSIVE MATERIAU; CODE
ABOVECROUND STORA.GE OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS
495-19
Table 8.4.3 Application of Separation Distance Tables
Type of Type of Distances Li<;ted
Donor Acceptor Table Under
Explosives Explosives ATD Separation of
magazines
Explosives Ammonium SDT Ammonium nitrate
nitrate
Explosives Blasting agent SDT Blasting agent
Blasting Explosives ATD Separation of
agent magazines
Blasting Blasting agen t SDT Blasting agent
agent
Blasting Ammonium SDT Ammonium nitrate
agent nitrate
8.4.6 Any person who stores explosive materials shall notify
the authority ha\.;ngjurisdiction j'()r fire safety in the locality in
which: the explosive materials are being stored of the type,
magazine capacity, and location of each site where such explo-
sive materials are stored. Such notification shall be made
orally before the end of the day on which storage of the explo-
sive materials commenced and in writing within 48 hours from
the time such storage commenced.
8.4.7 Type 3 magazines shall be located as far away as practi-
cable from neighboring inhabited buildings, railways, high-
ways, and other magazines.
8.4.8 Type 3 magazines shall be attended where explosive
materials are stored within. All explosive materials shall be
removed to appropriate storage magazines for unal1ended
storage at the end of the work day.
8.4.9 Two Type 3 magazines shall he permitted to be located
at a blasting site, provided one magazine is used solely for the
storage of detonators.
8.4.10 A Type 5 magazine shall not be located in a residence
or dwelling.
8.5 Magazine Construction - Basic Requirements.
8.5.1 Magazines shall be constructed to comply with Section
8.5 01' in a manner s.ubstantially equivalent to the require-
menL~ for safety and security embodied in this section.
8.5.2 The ground in the vicinity of magazine shall be graded
so that water drains away from the magazine.
8.5.3 Heated magazines shall be heated by either hot \...-ater
radiant heating within the magazine building or by indirect
warm air heating.
8.5.4 Thdirect warm air shall be heated by either hot water or
low Pl'essure [103 kPa (15 psig) or less] steam coils located
outside the magazine building.
8.5.5 Magazine heating systems shall meet the following re-
quirements:
(1) Radiant heating coils within the building shall be installed
so that explosive materials or theil' containers cannot con-
tact the coils and so that air is free to circulate between
the coils and the explosive materials. The sur[ace tem-
perature of the coils shall not exceed 740C (1650F).
(2) Heating duct.~ shall be installed so that the hot air dis-
charged from the ducts is not diI'ected against explosive
materials or containers.
2001 Edition
(3) The heating system shall be controlled so that the ambi-
ent temperature of the magazine does not exceed 540C
(I30"F).
(4) Any electric fan or pump used in the heating system shall
be located outside the magazine, separate from the maga-
zine \...alls, and shall be grounded.
(5) Any electric motor and any conu'ols for electric heating
devices used to heat water or produce steam sha.II have
overload devices and disconnects that comply with
NFPA 70, National Electrical Code. All electrical switch-gear
shall be located at least 7.6 m (25 ft.) from the magazine.
(6) Any fuel-fired heating source for the hot w..lter or stearn shall
he separated rr()m the magazine by a distance of not less
th,UI 7.6 m (25 ft). The area between the heating unit and
t.he magazine shall be cleared of all comb\L~tible material.
(7) Explosive materials stored in magazines sha.ll be ananged
so that unifoml circulation of air is ensured.
8.5.6 Eleccric lighting, electric safety flashlight~, or electric
safety lanterns shall be pemlitted to be IIsed within a maga-
zinc. The inst.allation of electric lighting shall meet. the follow-
ing requirements:
(1) Junction boxes containing fuses or circuit breakers and
electrical disconnects shall be located at least 7.6 m (25 ft)
from the magazine.
(2) Disconnects, fuses, and circuit breakers shall be protected
by a voltage surge arrester capable of handling 2500 am-
peres for 0.1 second.
(3) All wiring from switches, both inside and outside the
magazine, shall be installed in rigid conduit. "\Tiring lead-
ing to the magazine shall be installed underground.
(4) Conduit and light fixtures inside the magazine shall be
protected [rom physical damage by suitable gmlfds or by
their location.
(5) Light fixtures shall be suitably enclosed to prevent spaI'ks
or hot metal fl-OIll falling onto the floor or onto material
stored in the magazine.
(6) Junction boxes located within the magazine shall have no
openings ,Uld shall be equipped with close-fitting covers.
(7) Magazines containing explosive materials that could re-
lease flammable vapors shall have wiring and fixtures that
meet the requirements of NFPA 70, National Elecl'liml Corle,
Article 501.
(8) Lights inside magazines shall not be left on while the
magazine is unattended.
8.5.7 There shall be no exposed ferrous metal on the interior
ofa magazine where it has the potential to contact packages of
explosives.
Exception: This requirernent shall not aPfily to TyfJe 5 magazinRs.
8.6 Magazine Construction - Requirements for Specific Types.
8.6.1 Type I Magazines. A Type 1 magazine shall be a perma-
nent stnrcture, such as a building or igloo, that is bullet resis-
tant, fire resistant, theft resist.;mt, weather resistant, and venti-
lated as follows:
(l) Walls and doors shall be bullet resistant and shall be per-
mitted to be constructed in accordance with any of the
specifications in Annex C.
(2) The roof shall be permitted to be constructed of any type
'of structurally sound materials that are or have been
made fire resismm on the exterior.
(3)*V\ll1ere the natural terr-ain around a 1)'Pe 1 magazine
makes it possible fm' a bullet to be shot through the wof
and ceiling at such an angle that the bullet can strike the
explosive materials within, the roof or the ceiling shall be
of bullet-resistant construction.
(4) The foundation shall be permitted to be of masonry,
wood, or metal and shall be enclosed completely. A wood
foundation enclosure shall be covered on the exterior
with metal of not less than 26-gauge thickness.
E-ccejltion: Openings to frrovide cross ventill!lion shall not be requiH!d
to be enclos/!d.
(5) The floor shall be constructed of wood or ot.her suitable
material. Floors construct.ed of materials that could cause
sparks shall be covered with a nons parking surface, or the ~
packages of explosive materials shall be placed on pallets
of nonsparking material.
(6) Type Imagazincs shall be ventilated to prevent. dampness
or heating of explosive materials. Ventilation openings
shall be screened to prevent the entrance of sparks. Ven-
tilators in sidewalls shall be offset or shielded. Magazines
having foundation and roof ventilators, with the air circu-
lating between the sidewalls and floor and between the
sidewalls and ceiling, shall have a wood lattice lining or
equivalent. means to prevent packages of explosive mate-
riah from being stacked against the sidc",-alls and block-
ing air circulation. A 51-mm (2-in.) air space shall be pro..
vided between the sidewalls and the floor.
(7) Each door of a Type 1 magazine shall be equipped \o\oith
one of the following locking systems:
(a) Two mortise locks
(1)) Two padlocks in separate hasps and staples
(c) A mortise lock and a padlock
(d) A mortise lock that requires two keys to open
(e) A three-point lock or an equivalent lock that secures
the door to the frame at more than one point
8.6.1.1 Padlocks shall be steel, shall have at least five tum-
blers. and shall have at least a 9.5-mm (%-in.) case-hardened
shackle. All padlocks shall be protected by steel hoods in-
stalled to disconrage the insertion of bolt cutters. Doors se-
cured by a substantial internal bolt shall not require addi-
tional locking devices. Hinges and hasps shall be fastened
securely to the magazine, and all locking hardware shall be
secured rigidly and directly to the door frame.
8.6.2 Type 2 Magazines. A Type 2 magazine shall be a portable
or mobile structure, such as a box, skid-magazine, trailer, or
semitrailer that is tire resistant, theft. resistant, weather resis-
tant, and vent.ilated. Where used for outdoor storage, Type 2
magazines also shan be bullet. resistant..
8.6.2.1 Type 2 Outdoor Magazines.
(A) The walls and roof or ceiling shall be constmcted in ac-
cordance with the provisions of 8.6.1 (1), (2), and (3).
(B) 0001'5 shall be. of metal, constructed in accordance with
the provisions of 8.6.1 (1), or shall have a metal t~xterior 'with
an inner door meeting the provisions of 8.6.1 (I).
(C) Floors constmcted offerrous metal shall be covered with
a nonsparking surface.
(D) A top-opening magazine shall have a lid that overlaps the
sides by at least 25.4 mIll (1 in.) when in the dosed position.
(E) The magazine shall be supported so that its floor does not
directly contact the ground.
(F) Mag-azines of less tllan 0.766 013 (1 yd3) shall be fastened
securely to a fixed o~ject to prevent theft of the entire magazine.
(G) Hinges, hasps, locks, and locking hardware shall comply
with 8.6.1 (7).
Exception: Pa.dlockr on vehicular magazines shall not be required to
be protected 0' steel hoods.
(H) 'Whenever a vehicular magazine is left unattended, i~s
wheels shall be removed, its kingpins shall be locked, or It
otherwise shall be effectively immobilized.
8.6.2.2 Type 2 Indoor Magazines.
(A) The magazine shall have substantial wheels or casters to
facilitate its removal from the building in case of emergen<.')'.
(B) The cover of the magazine shall have substantial strap
hinges and a means for locking. The magazIne shall be kept.
locked \...;th a five-tumbler padlock or its equivalent..
Exception: 17!e magazine shall be permitted to be unlocked flu.ring
placement o-r -nmwval of explosive m.ateria.ls.
(C) The magazine shall be painted red, and the top shall bear
the words "Explosives - Keep Fire Away" in white letters at
least 76 mm (3 in.) high.
(D) Type 2 indoor magazines constmcted of wood shall }~ave
sides, bottoms, and covers or doors constructed of 51-mm (2-m.)
hardwood that. are well braced at corners. The magazines shall be
covered with sheet metal of not less than 26 l:,rauge. Nails eXposed
to tlle inte!ior oftlle magazines shall be countersunk.
(E) Type 2 indoor magazines consU~lcted <:f metal shall be; of
12-gauge sheet metal and shall be lmed WIth a non~parklIlg
material. The edges of metal covers shall overlap the Side by at
least 25.4 mm (1 in.).
8.6.3 Type 3 Magazines. A Type 3 magazine shall be a "day.
box" or portable strlIcture used for the temporary storage of
explosive materials. A Type 3 magazme shall be fire reslst,mt,
theft resi~tant, and weather resistant.
(A) The magazine shall be equipped with one steel padlock
(which shall not be required to be protected by a sleel hood)
having at least five tumblers and a case-hardened steel shackle
at least 9.5 mm (% in.) in diameter. Doors shall overlap the
sides by at least 25.4 mm (l in.). Hinges and hasps shall be
attached by welding, riveting, or bolting (nuts on inside).
(B) The mal:,razine shall be (OT!st1l.lc.tecl of not less than 12-gauge
[2.66-mm (0.10~in.) J steel, lined with at least 12.7-nml (lh-in.)
plywood or 12.7-mm (Yrin.) masonite-type hardboard.
(C) Type 3 magazines containing explosive materials shall be
within line-ol:site vision of a blaster.
8.6.4 Type 4- Magazines. A Type 4 magazine shan be a peflTla-
nent, port.1ble, or mobile structure slIch as a building, iglo?,
box, semitrailer, or other mobile container (bat is fire resIs-
tant, theft resist.1nt, and weather resistant.
8.6.4.1 Type 4- Outdool' Magazine.
(A) A Type 4 outdoor magazine shall be constructed of ma-
sonrv and wood covered with sheet metal, fabricated metal, or
a co~nbination of tllese materials. Doors shall be metal or
wood covered wit.h metal. .
(B) Permanent Type 4magazines shall comply wit.h 8.6.1 (4),
(6), and (7).
(C) Vehicular Type 4 magazines shall comply with
8.6.2.1 (G)and shall be immobilized while unattended, as
described in 8.6.2.1 (H).
2001 Edition
495-20
EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS CODE
USE OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIAlS .FOR BLASTING
495-21
8.6.4.2 Type 4 Indoor Magazine. A Type 4 indoor magazine
shall comply with all provisions of 8.6.2.2.
8.6.5 Type 5 Magazines. A Type 5 magazine shall be a perma-
nent, ponable, or mohile stIucture such as a building, igloo,
box, bin, lank, semitrailer, bulk trailer, tank trailer, bulk t1uck,
tank truck, or other mobile container that is theft resistant. No
ventilation shall be required, and ferrous metal shall not be
required to be covered with l10nsparking material.
8.6.5.1 Type 5 Outdoor Magazine.
(A) A Type 5 permanent outdoor magazine shall be weather
resistant and shall be locked with at least one steel five-tumbler
padlock having at least a 9.!"l-mm (%-ill.) case-hardened
shackle. A hood for the padlock shall not be requinxl.
(B) Hinges and hasps shall be fastened securely to the maga-
zine, and all locking hardware shall be secured rigidly and
directly to the door frame.
(C) A vehicular Type 5 magazine shall be immobilized while
unattended as described in 8.6.2.1.
8.6.5.2 Type 5 Indoor Magazine. A Type 5 indoor magazine
shall be constnlCted in accordance with the requirements for
Type 5 outdoor magazines.
Exc.eption: A Tyjle 5 indoor magazine shall not be required to be
weather .,esisttnlt.
8.7 Storage 'within Magazines.
8.7.1 l\.Iagazines shall be supelvised by a competent person at
all times. This person shall be at least 21 years old and shall be
responsible for the 'enforcemen t of all safety precautions.
8.7.2 All magazines containing explosiv~' materials shall be
opened and inspected at maximum intervals of three days to
determine whether there has been unauthorized or at-
tempted entry into the magazines or whether there has been
unauthorized removal of the magazines or their contents.
8.7.3 Magazine doors shall be kept locked.
Exuption: Magazine doors shall be jJermitted to be l.mloc/:ed during
pla.cement or l'l'1nollal of explosives 01' during inspection.
8.7.4 Safety rules covering the operations of magazines shall
be posted on the interior side of the magazine door.
8.7.5 'Where explosive materials are removed from the maga-
zine for use, the oldest stock shall be used first.
8.7.6 Corresponding grades and brands of explosive materi-
als shall be stored together so that brand and gr,lde markings
are readily visible. All stocks shall be stored in a manner that
allows them to be easily counted and checked.
8.7.7 Containers of explosive materials shall be piled in a
stable manner and laid flat with the top side up.
8.7.8 Open containers of explosive materials shall be dosed
securely before being returned to a magazine. No container
without a closed lid shall be permitted to be stored in the
magazine. Only fiberboard containers shall be permitted to be
opened in the magazine.
8.7.9 Containers of explosive materials other than fiber-
board shall not be unpacked or repacked inside or within
15.25 m (50 ft) of a magazine or in close proximity to other
explosive materials.
2001 Edition
8.7.10 Tools used for opening containers of explosive mate-
rials shall be constructed of nonsp.uking material.
Exception: Metal sUtters shall be permitted to be used Jilr ojJming
jibt'1'hoard r:ontainer.s.
8.7.11 Magazines shall be used exclusively for the storage of
explosive materials, blasting materials, and blasting accessOlies.
Metal to()l~ other than nonferrous transfer conveyors shall not be
stored in a magazine containing explosives or detonators.
Exr:efJtion: Ferrous metal cmweyor stands protected by a COflt of paint
shall be permitted to be stored within a magazine.
8.7.12 Magazine floors shall be regularly swept and kept clean,
dry, and free ?,f grit, paper, empty paCI<<lges, and mbbi~h. BrooIlls
and other cleaning utensils shall not have any spark-producing
metal parts. Sweepings f!'Om magazine floors shall be disposed of
in accordance 'With the manufacturers' instmctions.
8.7.13 Where any explosive material has deteriorated to the
extent that it is in an unstable or dangerolls condition or if
nitroglycerine or other liquid is leaking from any explosive,
the person responsible for the explosives shall contact the
manufacturer for assistance immediately. Magazine floors
stained with nitroglycerine or other liquid shall be cleaned in
accordance with the manufacturers' instructions.
8.7.14 Before making.repairs to the interior of a magazine,
all explosive materials shall be removed and the floor shall
be cleaned.
8.7.15 In making repairs that could result in sparks or fire to the
exteIior of a magazine, all explosive materials shall be removed.
8.7.16 Explosive materials removed from a magazine under-
going repair shall be placed either in another magazine or at a
safe distance from the magazine. They shall be gmtrdecl and
protected properly. Upon completion of the repairs. they shall
be retumed to the magazine promptly.
8.8 Miscellaneous Safety Precautions.
8.8.1 Smoking, matches, open flames, spark-producing de-
vices, and fireanns shall not be permitted inside of or within
15.25 m (50 ft) ofa magazine.
Exception: Firearms carried by autlwrized guards.
8.8.2 The area around a magazine shall be kept clear of
brush, dried grass, leaves, and similar combustibles for a dis-
tance of at least 7.63 m (25 ft).
8.8.3 Combustible materials shall not be stored within 15.25 m
(50 ft) of magazines.
8.8.4 Explosive mateIials recovered from blasting misfires shall
be stored in a separate mag;vine until disposal instnlCtions have
been received from the manufacturer. Such explosive materials
then shall be disposed of in the manner recommended by the
manufacturer. Detonators recovered from blasting misfires shall
not be relL~ed.
8.8.5 Property on which Type 1 magazines and outdoor
magazines of Types 2, 4, and 5 are located shall be posted with
signs reading "Explosives - Keep Off." Such signs shall be
located to minimize the possibility that a bullet shot at the sign
hit~ the magazine.
8.8.6 \\"hen packaged blasting agen ts (Division 1.5 mat.erials)
are stored in an over-the-road trailer Type 5 storage magazine,
the trailer shall be placarded 'W;th approved U.S. Department
of Transportation placards for Division 1.5 Explosives (blast-
ing agents) until the trailer is empty.
Chapter 9 Use of Explosive Materials for Blasting
9.1 Basic Requirements.
9.1.1 i\I1 federal, state, and local laws and regulations appli-
cable to obtaining, owning, transporting, storing, handling,
and using explosive materials shall be followed.
9.1.2 Explosive materials shall be protected from unautho-
rized possession and shall not be abandoned.
9.1.3 Explosive materials shall be used only by expedenced
persons who are f;1Il1iliar with the hazards involved and who
hold all required permit~.
9.1.3.1 Loading and firing shall be pexformed or supervised
only by a person possessing ail appropriate blaster's permit.
9.1.3.2 Trainees, helpers, and other persons who do not hold
the required permit.~ shall work only under the supelvision of
persons holding such permit~.
9.1.4 No explosive materials shall be located or stored where
they have the potential to be exposed to flame. excessive heat.
sparks, or impact.
9.1.4.1 No fireamls shall be discharged into or in the \icinity
of a vehide containing explosive materials or into or in the
vicinity of a location where explosive mat.erials arc being
handled, used, or stored.
9.1.4.2 No smoking shall be permitted within 15.25 m (50 ft)
of any location where explosives are being handled or used.
9.1.4.3 No persoII within 15.25 m (50 ft) of any location
where explosives are being handled or used shalf carry any
matches. open light, or other fi.re or flame.
ExcelJtion: Thisl'equire-rnlmt .fooll not apply to suitable devices for
lighting safety fuses.
9.1.5 No person under the influence of intoxicating bever-
ages, narcotics, or other dangerous drugs shall be permitted
to handle explosive materials.
9.1.6 No attempt shall be made to fight a fire that cannot be
contained or cont.rolled before it reaches explosive materials.
In such cases, all personnel shall be evacuated immediately to
a safe location, and the area shall be guarded from entr}' by
~ spectators or intruders.
9.1.7 Unauthorized or unnecessary personnel shall not be
present where explosive materials are being handled, used,
or stored.
9.1.8 Explosive materials shall be kept in closed containers or
packages while being transported between the storage maga-
zine and the blasting site.
Exception: Partia.l reels of detonating C()rd shall not berequiml to be
kept in closed contairum, unless transported over public highways.
9.1.9 Containers of explosive materials shall not be opened
in any magazine or within 15.25 m (50 ft ) of any magazine.
J:.xception: This requirement shallllot apply to explosit1e materials in
jiberboa1'd containers. .
9.1.10 Nonsparking tools shall be used for opening any pack-
age or container of explosive materials.
Exception: Metal slittm shall bl! permitted to be used for opening
jiberboarr~ containers.
9.1.11 No blasting operation shall be performed in a manner
contrary t.o the instructions of the manufacturer of t.he explo-
sive materials being used. .
9.1.12 Where blasting is done in a congested area or in close
proximity to a structure, railway, or highway, or any other in-
stallation dlat could be affected, special precautions shall be
taken to prevent. damage and to minimize earth IIibrations and
air blast effecL~. Blasting mats or other protective devices shall
he used to prevent fragments from being thrown.
9.1.13 Persons authorized to p,'epare explosive charges or to
conduct blasting operations shall use every reasonable precau-
tion including, but not limited to, warning signals, flags. barri-
cades, mats, or other equally effective means to ensure dle
safety of the general public and workers.
9.1.14 Surface blasting operations shall be conducted during
daylight hours only.
Exception: This requirement shall not apply wfum: approved by tlw
authority having jW1sdictum.
9.1.15 Where blasting is conducted in the vidnity of utility
Jines or rights-ot:way, the blaster shall notify dle appropriate
representatives of the utilities at least 24 hours in advance of
blasting. specifying the location and the intended time of such
blasting. Verbal notice shall be confirmed with written notice.
ExcejJtion: In an emergency situation, this time limit shall be jJerl1!it-
ted to be u)llived fry the authmity having jurisdiction.
9.1.16 Precautions shall be taken to prevent accidental dis-
charge of electric detonators from currents induced by radar
and radio transmitters, lightning, adjacent power lines, dust
and snow stonus, or other sources of extraneous electricity.
These precautions shall include the following:
(1) The posting of signs waming against the use of mobile
radio transmitters on all roads within 107 III (350 ft) of
blasting operations.
(2)*Observance of the latest recommendations with regard to
blasting in the vicinity of radio transmitters or power lines.
(3) The discontinuance of surface use, underground use, ,md
all handling of explosive materials during the approa.ch
of and for the duration of an electrical st.orm. All person-
nel shall move 1.0 a safe loca.tion.
(4) Consideration to the fact that lightning has been known
to follow steel, piping, and conductive ore into under-
ground mines.
9.1.17 Precautions shall be wken to prevent accidental initia-
tion of nonelectric detonators from stray current~ induced by
lightning or static electricity.
9.2 Preblast Operations.
9.2.1 During the time dlat holes are being loaded or are
loaded with explosive materials, blasting agent~. or detona-
tors, the blast site shall be off limits to all but those persons
authorized to engage in the drilling and loading operations or
who arc otherwise authorized to enter the site. The blast site
shall be guarded or barricaded and posted.
9.2.2 Drill holes shall be large enough to allow free insel.tion of
cartridges of explosive materials. Drill holes shall not be collared
in bootlegs or in holes that previously contained explosive mate-
rials. Holes shall not be drilled where there is a danger of inter-
secting another hole containing explosive material.
2001 Edition
495-22
EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS CODE
GROUND VIBRATION, AIRBLAST, FLYROCK
495-23
9.2.3 All drill holes shall be inspected and cleared of any
obstruction before loading.
9.2.4 Pneumatic loading of blasting agents into blast holes
primed with electric detonators or other static-sensitive initia-
tiOli systems shall comply with the following requirements:
(1) A positive grounding de,.ice shall be used for the equip-
ment to prevent the accumulation of static electricity.
(2) A semiconductive discharge hose shall be used.
(3) A qualified person shall evaluate all systems to ensure that
they adequately dissipate static charges under field
conditions.
9.2.5 Tamping shall be performed only with wooden rods or
approved pla~tic poles having no exposed metal parts.
Rv:r;eption: NOTlspadting metal connectors shall be pl!7'mitted to be
used on jointed tamPing poles.
9.2.5.] Violent tamping shall be avoided.
9.2.5.2 The primer shalll10t be tamped at any time.
9.2.6 Mter the loading for a blast is completed and before
firing, all excess explosive materials shall be removed from the
area and returned to the proper storage facilities.
9.2.7 As soon as practicable after all blast holes are con-
nected, prior to connecting to a source of initiation such as a
blasting machine, and continuing until the shot has been fired
and subjected to post-blast examination, the blast area shall be
guarded or balTicaded and posted.
9.3 Initiating Blasts.
9.3.1 Cap and fuse sballnot be used to initiate blasts in con-
gested areas or on or adjacent to highways open to traffic.
9.3.2 Where a safety fuse is used, ,the burning rate shall be
det.ennined and in no case shall fuse lengths of less than
120 seconds be used. The detonator shall be attached securelv
to the fuse with a standard ring-type cap Climper. .
9.3.3 Where electric detonators are used, stray cUlTent tests
shall be made as frequently as necessary. Maximum stray Cute
rent shall not exceed 0.05 ampere through a l-ohm resistor,
measured at the blast site. Nonelectric initiating systems shall
be used unless corrective action is taken to reduce the SU"av
current below the limits indicated in this paragraph" '
9.3.4 Electric detonators of different brands shall not be used
in the same firing circuit.
9.3.5 All electric blasting circuit~ and ot.her initiating syst.ems
whose continuity can be tested (such as gas detonator initiat-
ing systems) shall be tested with a blasting galvanometer or
other blast continuity test instrument, as appropriate, that has
been designed and approved for the purpose. All electrically
initiated blasts shall be made by using blasting machines suit-
able for the circuitry being fired.
9.3.6 No detonator shall be inserted in explosive materials .
that do not have a cap well without first making a hole in the
cartridge with a proper size nonsparking tool or the appropri-
ate pointed handle of an approved cap crimper.
9.3.6.1 Primers shall not be assembled closer than 15.25 m
(50 ft) fH)m any mag-azine. Primers shall be assembled only
when and as necessary-for immediate needs.
9.~.6.2 Ade~uate priming shall be used. If any uncertainty
eXIsts regarchng the amount of priming necessary, the manu-
facturer shall be consulted.
2001 Editio(,l .'
9.3.6.3 Primers shall be assembled only at dIe time of use and
as close to the bla~t site a~ conditions allow.
9.3.6.4 Where using nonelecu'ic initiation systems, all of the
following shall appl)':
(l) The selection of the initiation system and the design of the
blast shall be under the supervl~ion of the blaster in ch,u"ge.
(2) The initiation svstem shall be used in accordance wit}) the
manufacturers>' instmctions.
(3) The blaster in charge shall conduct a visual check after
blast hookup.
(4) The blast. lavout shall be tested f(Jr continuit.v as recom-
mended by the manufacturer where using a 'system that
can be tested for continuity.
(5) A double trunk line or closed-loop hookup shall be used
where judged to be necessary by the blaster in charge.
9.3.7 Only the person making the lead line connections or
the blaster in charge shall fire the blast. All connections shall
he made progressively from the borehole back to the initiat.ion
point. Blasting lead lines shall remain shunted (shorted) and
shall not be connected to the blasting machine or other
source of cunent until the blast is to be fired.
9.3.8 No blast shall be tired until tIle blaster in charge ha~ made
certain that all surplus explosive materiab aI"e in a s.-ife place, all
persons and equipment are at a sate distance or under sufIicient
cover, and an adequate warning signal h.'\S been given.
9.4 Procedures after Blasting.
9.4.1 No person shall retum to the blast area until permi tted
to do so by tlle blaster.
9.4.2 The blaster shall allow sufficient time for smoke and
fumes to dissipate and for dust to settle before returning to the
blast site.
9.4.3 The blaster shall inspect the ent.ire blast sit.e for misfires
befOl'e allowing other personnel to return to the blast area.
9.5 Misfires.
9.5.8 No drilling, digging, or picking shall be permitted until
all mistires have been detonated or until the authority having
jlll"isdiction approves the resumption of work.
9.6 Dis]losa! of Explosive Materials.
9.6.] Empty containers and paper and fiber packing materi-
als that previously contained explosive materials shall be dis-
posed of or reused in an approved manner.
9.6.2 All personnel shall remain at a safe distance from the
disposal area.
9.6.3 All explosive mat.erials that are obviously det.eriorated
or damaged shall not be used and shall be destroyed in accor-
dance with the l-equirements of 8.7.13.
9.6.4* In the event that it becomes necessary to destroy any ex-
plosives, either because of danlage to containers, deterioration,
or any other reason, all handling of explosives shall cease and the
manufacturer shall be conk'1cted for assistance immediately. The
manufacturers' advice shall be tClllowed without deviation.
Chapter 10 Ground Vibration, Airblast, Flyrock
]0.1 Growld Vibration.
10.1.] At: all blasting operations, the m;L"~imum ground vibnl-
tion at allY dwelling, public building, school, church, or com-
mercial or institutional building a<ljacent to the bla~ting site
shall not f:xceed the limitations specified in Table 10.1.1.
10.0
Table 10.1.1 Peak Particle Velocity Limits
Distance from Blasting Site
Maximum Allowable Peak
Particle Velocity'
9.5.] .Where a misfire is found, the blaster shall provide the
proper safeguards for excluding all personnel from the blast
area. Misfires shall be reponed to the supervisor immediately.
9.5.2 No additional work, other than that necess.u"V to re-
move the hazard, shall be performed. Only those persons
needed to do such work shall remain at the blast site.
9.5.3 No attempt shall be made r.o extract explosive materials
from a misfired hole. A new primer shall be inserted, and the
hole shall be reblasted.
Exception: It'hem reblasting preSl!7t~\ a hazard, the explosive materi-
aLs shall be permitted to be washed out with water, or; where the rnisJire
is under watn; blown. out With ai'r.
9.5.4 Where there are misfires using cap and fuse, all person-
nel shall st.ay clear of the blast site for at least 1 hour.
9.5.5 Where there are misfires using other nonelectric
detonators (i.e., other than cap and fuse) or using electric
detonators, all personnel shall stay clear of the blast site for
at least 30 minutes.
m ft mrn/s in./s
0-91.4 0-300 31.75 1.25
91.5-1524 301-5000 25.4 1.00
1525 and over 5001 and over 19 0.75
.'Peak particle velocity shall be me;L~nred in three lllutually perpen-
dicular directions, and the maximum allowable limits Shill! apply co
each of these measurements.
Exception: As otherwise a.uth017.zed or 'rnst'ricted by the authority hav-
ing jUlisdiction.
10.1.2 Frequency Versus Particle Velocity Graphs. In lieu of
Table 10.1.1, a blasting operation shall have the option to use
the graphs shown in either Figure 10.1.2(01) or (b) to limit
peak particle velocity based upon the frequency of the blast
vibration. If either graph in Figure 10.1.2(a) or (b) is used to
limit vibration levels, the methods for monit.Oling vibration
offid calculating frequency shall be approved by the authority
having jurisdiction.
(254)
50.8 mmls (2 inJs)
~
~
;?;o
'0
o
~
Q)
c:;
'€
lU
a.
"'
E
.s.
;?;o
(25.4) i
>
CD
~
(ij
a.
(2.54)
100
2001 Edition
1.0
Drywall
19 mmls (0.75In./s) .
_ _ _ _ u__ __. __?.I~~!e!u/
12.7 mmls (0.50 in.ls)
9.5.6 Misfires shall be the responsibility of the person in
charge of the blasting operation.
9.5.7 Where a misfire is suspected, all initiating circuits (elec-
tric or nonelectric) shall be traced carefully and a search made
for unexploded charges.
0.1
1
10
Frequency (Hz)
FIGURE 10.1.2(a) Frequency vs. particle velocity graph.
495-24
EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS CODE
10.0
(254.0)
:0' ~
E
~ 50.8 mm/s (2 in./s) .s
z:- z:-
'0 2.0 '0
0 0
~ a;
>
Cll 1.5 Cll
:g (3
~ (25.4) 'f:
'"
a. 1.0 (22.9) Q.
Cll 0.9 0.19 mm/s (0.75 in.ls) Cll
:c (20.3) :ii
ro ~
3: 0.7 (17.8)
.Q (15.2) .Q
lil 0.6 OJ
E 0.5 (12.7) E
:;) :;)
E 0.4 (10.2) E
'x 'x
ro '"
:2 0.3 (7.6) :2
0.2 (5.1)
0.1
1
10
20
4
Blast vibration frequency (Hz)
(2.54)
100
30
FIGURE 10.1.2(b) Ma.-omum allowable particle velocity vs. blast vibration frequency gr<lph.
10.1.3 Scaled Distance Equations. Unless a blasting operation
uses a seismograph to monitor a blast t.o ensure compliance wit.h
Table 10.1.1 or Figure 10.1.2(a) or (b), or has been grant.ed
special penllission by the authority having jurisdiction to uti-
lize a modified scaled distance factor, the operation shall com-
ply with the scaled distance equations shown in Table 10.1.3.
Table 10.1.3 Scaled Distance Equations
Distance from Blasting Site
Scaled Distance" Equation
Om to 91.4 m (0 ft to 300 ft.)
W (Ib) = [D (ft)/50]2
{W (kg) = [D (m)/22.6fl
W (lb) = [D (ft.)/55f
IW (kg) = [D (m)/24.9)2}
W (lb) = [D (ft)/65]2
{W (kg) = [D (m)/29.4]2)
92 m t.o 1524 III (301 ft to
5000 ft.)
1525 m (5001 ft) and over
W equ<lls the maximum weight of explosives in pounds (or kilograms)
t.hat can bc detonated per delay interval of 8 milliseconds or longer.
D equals the distance in feet (or meters) from the blast to the nearest
dwelling, public building, school, church, or commercial or institu-
tional building not owned. leased. or conu'acted by the blasting opera-
tion, or on property for which the owner has not pro_ided a wriuen
waiver to the bla.~ting operation.
"To COllvert English units of scaled distances (fl/lb') to metric units
(m/kg'), divide b)' a factor of 2.21.
2001 Edition
10.1.4 Where the blasting operation considers the scaled
distance equations of Table 10.1.3 as being too restrictive,
t.he operation shall have the right t.o petition the authority
havingjurisdict.ion to use a modified scated distance equat.ion.
Such a pet.ition shall demonstrate t.hat the use of t.he modified
scaled distance equation would not cause predicted 'ground
vibration that exceeds the peak particle velocity limits speci-
fied in Table 10.1.1. Any petition for modification of the scaled
distance equations of Table 10.1.3 shall be substantiated thor-
oughly by seismograph I'ecor<lings to show that the limit.ations
of Table 10.1.1 cannot be exceeded.
10.2 Airblasl.
10.2.1 Airblast at the' location of any dwelling, public build-
ing, school, church, or commercial or institutional building
that is not owned, leased, or contracted by t.he blasting opera-
tion, or on property for which the owner ha.~ 110t provided a
written waiver to the blasting operation, shall not exceed the
maximum limits specified in Table 10.2.1.
Table 10.2.1 Airb1ast Limits
Lower Frequency of Measuring System
[Hz (:to 3 deb)]
Measurement
Level (deb)
Pl.OSOPHORIC M<\TERIAL'5
495-25.
10.3 Flyroek.
10.3.1 Flyrock traveling in the air or along the ground shall
not be cast from the blast site in an uncontrolled manner that
could result in personal injury or property damage.
10.3.2 Flyrock shall not be propelled/i'om the blast site onto
property not contracted by the blasting operation or onto
property for which the owner has not provided a written
waiver to the blasting operation.
10.3.3 Where blasting operations do not conform to 10:3.1
and 10.3.2, the authority havingjurisdiction shall require that.
special precautions be employed to reduce or control flyrock.
Chapter 11 Explosive Materials at Piers and Railway,
Truck, and Air Tenninals
11.1 Basic Requirements.
11.1.1 Explosive materials shall not be kept in a railway car un-
less the car, its contents, and methods ofloading comply with the
regulations of the U.S. DepanmentofTransp0l1.ation.
Exception: This l-equil'lmumt shall he permitted to he wailled in an
em.ergency with the appl'Ollal of the authority halling jurisdiction.
11.1.2 Explosive materials shall not. be delivered to any car-
rier unless the explosives comply in all respects, including
marking and packing, to the regulations of the U.S. Depart-
ment ofTlansportation.
11.1.3 Every railway car containing explosive materials that.
has I'eached its destination, or has stopped in transit so it. no
longer is considered in interstate commerce, shall remain
placarded in accordance with U.S. Department ofTranspona-
.tion regulations.
11.1.4 Any explosive ma terials at a railway facility, truck termi-
nal, pier, wharf. harbor facility, or airport terminal, whether
for delivery to a consignee or forwarded to some other desti-
nation, shall be kept in a safe place and isolated as far as prac-
ticable and in such a manner that they can be removed easily
and quickly.
11.1.5 Truck terminals for explosives vehicles shall meet the
requirements of NFPA 498, Standard for Safe Hallens and Inter-
change Lots for Vehicles Transporting I!.xplosives.
11.2 Notifications. A consignee, having been notified that a
shipment of explosives is in the hands of any carrier, shall
remove the explosives within 48 hours, excluding Saturdays,
Sundays, and holidays, to a storage area meeting the require-
ments of this code.
11.3 Facilities for Trailer-on-Flatcar and Container-on-Flatcar.
Rail shipments of explosives by trailer-on-flatcar (TOFC) or
container-an-flatcar (COFC) shall meet the following re-
quirements:
(1) Shipments by TOFC or COFe shall be unloaded at a
nonagency station only where a consignee is present to
receive them or where properly locked and secure stor-
age facilities are available. If delivery cannot be made,
the shipment shall be taken to the next or nearest.
agency station for delivery.
(2)*Carriers shall require the consignee to remove TOFC
and COFC shipments from the carrier's property within
48 hours after notice of anival, excluding Saturdays,
~
l
Sundays. and holidays. If the trailers or containers are
not so removed, the carrier shall dispose of the shipment
immediat.ely by means of storage, disposal, or, where
necessary for safety, desu'ucrion under t.he supervision of
a competent person.
(3) If storage is required to comply wit.h 11.3(:3), it shalt be
located in an interchange lot meeting the requirements of
Chapters 4 and 5 of NFPA 498, Standard fiJT Safe Have:ns a.nd
lnten;hange Lots for Ikhicles Transpmting Explosives, or in a lo-
cation that provides equivalent safety to the public.
(4) Where local conditions make the acceptance, transpor-
tation, or delivery of explosive materials unusually haz-
ardous, appropriate local restrictions shall be imposed
by dIe carrier.
(5) All rail carriers shall report complete information on
their rest.rictions regarding the acceptance, delivery, or
uansportation of explosive materials over any porrion of
their lines to t.he Bureau of Explosives of the A'iSociation
of American Railmads for publication by the Bureau.
(6) Where shipping explosives, regularly scheduled days for
receiving trailers and containers fOI- shipment shall be
assigned wherever it. is pr,lCt.icable to do so.
(7) To enable the carrier to provide suitable flatcars for the
shipment of Division 1.1 or Division 1.2 Explosives, the
shipper shall give the eanier at least 24 hours not.ice of
the shipments and their destinations.
Exception: Wher1! It regula,-l)' scheduled day has been afJpointerl for
re.ceifJt of tmilers and containers fen' shiPmmt, this notiei' shall be
jJe1'mitted to be waived by the carrier. In such cases, the shijJl1Ients shall
be delille:red on the assigned days in time to allow propl!Y inspection,
billing, and loading on tluJt day.
(8) Carriers shall fonv-ard shipments prornptlywithin48 hours
after acceptance at the originating point or after receipt. at
any y<lrd transfer station or interchange point, excluding
Sat.urdays, Sundays, and holidays.
Exception: \-'.-nere biweekly 01' weekly serviCf is jJl1)vided, shijJ1nent5
.shall be forwa1'ded on the next tmin.
(9) TIle Bureau of Explosives of the Association of American
Railroads shall be consulted by rail carriers to determine
that the storage ta.cility required by Section 11.3(2) is safe,
adequate. and complies with Chapter 4 of NFPA 498, Stan-
da:rd for Safe Havens and Interchange Lots for Vehides 7ransport-
ing Explosives.
(10) Cars loaded with explosive material~ shall be placed so that
they are safe from all probable danger from fire. They shall
not be placed under bridges or overhead highway cross-
ings, or in or alongside passenger sheds or stations.
11.4 Designation of Facilities. The local authority having ju-
risdiction shall have the authority to designate the location
for, and limit the quantity of, explosive materials that are
loaded, unloaded, reloaded, or temporarily retained at any
facility within the jurisdiction.
Chapter 12 Plosophoric Materials
12.1* Basic Requirements.
12.1.1 Mixed or combined plosophoric materials shall be
transported, st.ored, and used in the same manner as explosive
materials. (See Chapters 4, 7, 8, and 9.)
2001 Edition
0.1 Hz or lower ................ flat response"
2 Hz or lower ..................... flat response
6 Hz or lower .................... flat response
C-Weighted ................... slow response"
134 peak
133 peak
129 peak
105 peak
"Only where approved by the authority having jurisdiction.
495-26
EXPl.OSIVE MATERIALS CODE
12.1.2 For transportation and storage, individual packages
of each plosophoric component shall be packaged in sepa-
rate shipping containers in compliance with the U.S. De-
partment of Transportation, "Hazardous Materials Regula-
tions," 49 CFR, 100-199.
12.2 Storage.
12.2.1 Plosophoric components shall be stored in separate
locked containers. Ifany component possesses a hazard classi-
fication, it shall be stored in a location and manner appropri-
ate to its hazard class. .
12.2.2 Plosophoric materials shall be permitted to be stored
in the same magazine with explosive materials, provided their
tot.al weight is included in the weight of explosives permitted
in the magazine in order to comply wit.h the quantity-distance
requirements of Table 8..1,.1. Storage shall not introduce a haz-
ard due to chemical incompatibility.
12.3 Use.
12.3.1 Whel'e plosophoric materials are mixed or combined
at the point of use, the procedures I'ecommended b~' the
manufact.urer shall be followed strictly. .
12.3.2 Since the mixing or combining ofplosophoric compo-
nentS produces an explosive material, rl1e number of packages
combined at anyone time shall be limited to the number
needed for immediate use.
Exu/Jtion: This requimnent shall be permitted to he wailled, provided
thP. extl'a o:plosit,e material produced can be handlt:d and SIOlld as such.
12.4 Record Keeping and Reporting.
12.4.1 Dealers in plosophoric materials shall record all trans-
actions on appropriate federal, state, and local forms, as re-
quired for transactions "oith explosive materials.
12.4.2 Thefts ofplosophoric materials during transportation,
st:orage, and use shall be reported to the authority havingju-
risdiction, as required for theft~ of explosive materials.
12.4.3 Dealers in plosophoric materials shall require that all
purchasers possess a license or permit to use explosive materi-
als. The license or permit number shall be recorded lvith
other records of the sale.
Chapter 13 Small Arms Ammunition and Primers,
Smokeless Propellants, and Black Powder Propellants
13.1 Basic Requirements.
13.1.1 In addition to all other applicable requirement~ of t.his
code, intrastate transportation of small arms ammunition,
small arms primers, smokeless propellants, and black powder
shall comply with the U.S. Department of Transportation,
"Hazardous Materials Regulations," 49 CFR 100-199.
13.1.2 This chapter shall apply to the users and distribution
channels of small arms ammunition, small arms primers,
smokeless propellants, and black powder.
13.1.3 This chapter shall not apply to in-process storage and
intraplant transportation during manufacture.
13.1.4 This chapter shall apply to the transportation and stor-
age of small arms ammunition and components.
13.1.5 This chapter shall not apply to safety procedures in the
use of small arms ammunition and components.
2001 Edillon
13.2 Small Arms Ammlwition.
13.2.1 No restrictions shall be imposed on t.ransportation of
small arms ammunition other than those imposed by the U.S.
Department of Transportation or by the presence of ot.her
hazardous materials.
13.2.2 No quantity limil~Hions shall be imposed on the 51.01'-
age of small arms ammunition in warehouses, retail stores,
and other occupancies other th,m those imposed by the limi-
tations of tJ1e storage facility and by public safety regulations.
13.2.3 Small arms ammunirion shall be separated frollllllate-
rials classified by the LJ .S. Depanmen t of Transportation as
flammable liquids, flarn~!lable solids, and oxidizing materials
by a distance of 4.6 m (15 ft) or by a fire partition haloing a lire
resistance of at least 1 hour.
13.2.4 Small arms ammunition shall not be stored together
with Division 1.1, Division 1.2, or Division 1.3 Explosives.
Ex':epe-ion: mlere thP. sto'rage jhcilily is suitahlt: f01' the strrmge of
exPlosive materials.
13.2.5* Small arms amIllunition that has been exposed to fire
or has been damaged by exposure to water shall not be re-
turned to cOlTlmercial channels for reasons of COIlSlUnel'
safety. The manufacturer shall be Contacted to obtain recom-
mendations for the disposal of damaged ammunition.
13.3 Smokeless Propellants.
13.3.1 Quantities of smokeless propellants not exceeding
11.3 kg (25 Ib) in shipping containers approved by the U.S.
Department of Transportarion shall be permitted to be trans-
ported in a private vehicle.
13.3.2 Quantities of smokeless propellant~ exceeding 11.3 kg
(25 Ib), but not exceeding 22.7 kg (50 Ib), transported in a pri-
vate vehicle shall be transported in a portable ll1<\gazine having
wood walls ofat least 25.4-rnm (I-in.) nominal thickness.
13.3.3 Transportation of more than 22.7 kg (50 Ib) ofsrIloke-
less propellants in a private vehicle shall be prohibited.
13.3.4 Commercial shipments of smokeless powder for small
arms which has been classed in Division 1.3 shall be permil:led
to be reclassed as Division 4.1 Flammable Sol.id for tr.msporta-
tion purposes for shipment by motor vehicle, rail car, vessel, or
cargo-only aircraft, subject to the conditions stated in the U.S.
Department of Transportation "Hazardous Materials Regula-
tions," 49 CFR 173.171.
13.3.5 Commercial shipmem.s of smokeless propellallt$ ex-
ceeding 45.4 kg CIOO Ib) or not packaged in aceordance \~;th
the regulations cited in 13.3.4 shall be transported in accor-
dance with the U.S. Department of Transportation regulations
for Class B propellant explosives.
13.3.6 Smokeless propellants shall be stored in shipping
containers specified by U.S. Department of Transportation
Hazardous Materials Regulations.
13.3.7 Smokeless propellant~ intended for personal use in
quantities not exceeding 9.1 kg (20 Ib) shall be permitted to
be stored in original conrainers in residences. Quantities ex-
ceeding 9.1 kg (20 Ib), but not exceeding 22.7 kg (50 Ib), shall
be permitted to be stored in residences where kept in a
wooden box or cabinet having walls of at least 25.4-rnm (I-in.)
nominal thickness.
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SMALL ARMS AMMUNITION AND PRIMERS, SMOKELESS PROPELLANTS, AND BLACK POWDRRPROPF.LlANTS
495-27
13.3.8 Not more than 22.7 kg (SO Ib) of smokeless propel-
lant~. in containers of a O.4S-kg (l-lb) maximum capacity. shall
be displayed in commercial establishment~.
13.3.9 Commercial stocks of smokeless propellant~ shall be
stored as follows:
(1) Quantities exceeding 22.7 kg (50 Ib), but nO[ exceeding
45.4 kg (100 Ib), shall be st.ored in portable wooden boxes
having walls of at least a 25.4-mm (I-in.) thickness.
(2) Quantities exceeding 45.4 kg (100 Ib), but not exceeding
363 kg (800 Ib), shall be stored in nonportable st.orage
cabinet~ having walls of at least a 25/l-mm (I-in.) thick-
ness. Not more than 181 kg (400 lb) shall be permitted to
be stored in anyone cabinet., and cabinets shall be sepa-
rated by a distance of an least 7.63 11) (25 ft) or by a fire
partition having a fire resist.ance of at least 1 hour.
e'l) Quantities exceeding 36:'1 kg (800 Ib), bur not exceeding
2268 kg (5000 Ib), shall be permitted to be stored in a
building, provided the following requirements are met:
(a) The warehouse or storage room shall not be acces-
sible to unauthorized ptTSOnnel.
(b) Smokeless propellant shall be stored in nonportable
storage cabinets hal.;ng wood walls of at least 25.4-mm
(I-in.) thickness and having shelves with no more
than 0.92 III (3 ft) of separation between shelves.
(c) No more than 181 kg (400 lb) shall be stored in any
one cabinet.
(d) Cabinets shall be located against the walls of the stor-
age room 01' warehouse with at least 12.2 m (40 ft)
between cabinet~.
(e) The separation between cabinet~ shall be permitted
to be reduced to 6.1 III (20 ft) where barricades t"oice
the height of the cabinets are attached to the "''all,
midway between each cabinet. The barricades shaH
extend at least 3 m (10 ft) outward, shall be firmly
attached to the wall, and shall be constructed of
6.4-mm ('At-in.) boiler plate, 51-mm (2-in.) rl1ick
wood, brick, or concrete block.
(f) Smokeless propellant shall be st~parated from materi-
als classified by the U.S. Department of Transporta-
tion as flammable liquids, flammable solids, and oxi-
dizing materials by a distance of7.63 m (25 ft) or by a
fire partition having a tire resistance of at least 1 hour.
(g) The building shall be protected by an automatic sprin-
kler system installed in accorchmce with Nf1)A 13. Stan-
d.a111 jur the Instal/a lion ofSprink1er Systems.
(4) Smokeless propellant~ not stored in accordance ",;th
13.3.9(1), (2), and (3) shall be stored in a Type 4 magazine
constructed and located in accordance with Chapter 8.
13.4 Black Powder.
13.4.1 Black powder shall be t.ransported in accordance lvith
the U.S. Department of Transportation Regulations. (See also
Chapter 7)
13.4.2 Black powder shall b(;~ st.ored in shipping containers
approved by the U.S. Department of Transportation.
13.4.3 Black powder intended for personal use in quantities
not exceeding 9.1 kg (20 Ib) shall be permitted to be stored in
residences where kepI. in the Ol'igin.al containers and stored in
a wooden box or cabinet having wall~ of at least a 25.4-mm
(I-in.) nominal thickness.
13.4.4 No more than 0.45 kg (lIb) of black powder shaH be
displayed in commercial establishment~.
13.4.5 Commercial stocks stored in buildings in quantities
not exceeding 22.7 kg (50 Ib) shall be stored in a Type 4 in-
door magazine.
13.4.6 Commercial stocks in quantities exceeding 22.7 kg
(50 Ib) shall be stored in a Type 4 outdoor magazine.
13.4.7 Wnere smokeless propellants are stored in the, same
magazine with black powder, the total quantity shall not ex-
ceed that permitted for black powder.
13.4.8 Commercial shipments of black powder for small arms
that has been classed in Dil;sion 1.3 shaIl be pennitted to be
reclassed as Division 4.1 Flammable Solid for transportation
purposes for shipment by motor vehicle, rail car, vessel, or
cargCKlnlyaircraft, subject to the conditions stated in the U.S.
Department of Tmnsportation Hazardous Materials Regula-
tions, 49 CFR 173.171.
13.5 Small Arms Primers.
13.5.1 Small arms primers shall be transported or stored in con-
k'liners approved by rl1e U.S. Department ofTranspormtion.
13.5.2 Transportation of small arms primers shall comply
with U.S. Department of Transportation Regulations.
13.5.3 No more than 25,000 smaIl arms primers shall be
permitted to be transported in a private vehicle.
13.5.4 No more than 10,000 small arms primers shall be per-
mitted to be stored in residences.
13.5.5 No more than 10,000 small arms primers shall be
pem1itted to be displayed in commercial establishments.
13.5.6 Commercial stocks of small arms primers shall be
stored as follows:
(1) Quantities not exceeding 750,000 shall be permitted to be
stored in a building where not more than 100,000 are
stored in anyone pile and where piles are at lea~t 4.6 m
(15 ft) apart.
(2) Quantities exceeding 750,000 shall be pennitted to be
stored in a building, provide~ the following conditions
are met:
(a) The \~'arehouse or storage room shall not be acces-
sible to unauthorized personnel.
(b) Pdmers shall be stored in cabinets. No more than
200,000 primers shall be stored in anyone cabinet.
(c) Shelves in cabinets shall have a vertical separ.ltion of
at least 0.6 In (2 ft).
(d) Cabinets shall be located against the walls of the ware-
house or storage room with at least 12.2 m (40 ft)
between cabinets.
(e) The separation between cabinets shall be permitted
to be reduced to 6.1 m (20 ft) where barricades t",;ce
the height of the cabinets are attached to the wall,
midway between each cabinet. The ban;cades shall
extend at least 3 m (10 ft) ourward. shall be firmly
atk'lched to the \\'all, and shall be constructed of
6.4-mm (%-in.) boiler plate, 51-mm (2-in.) thick
wood, brick, or concrete block.
(f) Primers shall be separated from materials classified
by the U.S. Department of Transportation as flam-
mable liquids, flammable solids, and oxidizing mate-
rials by a distance of 7.63 m (25 ft) or by a fire parti-
tion having a fire resistance of at least 1 hour.
(g) The building shall be protected by an antomatic sprin-
kler system installed in accordance with NFPA 13, Sum-
dard f01' the Installation of Splinkler Systems.
(3) Small arms priiners not stored in accordance with
13.5.6(1) or (2) shall be stored in a mag-azine meeting the.
requirements of Chapter 8.
2001 Edition
I
I
I
I
i.
495-28
EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS CODE
ANNEX A
495-29
Annex A Explanatory Material
Annex A is 11.01 a pari of thel~q'ltinnnentf of Ihis NFPA docwnenl
but is includ.ed for informational purposes only. This annex contains
e.x!Jllmatory ma.terial, nwnbered to correspond with the applicable Iext
j}(mtgrajJhs,
A.1.4 The following sample ordinance is provided to assist
ajurisdiction in the adoption of this code and is not part of
this code.
ORDINANCE NO.
An ordinance of the [jurisdiction] adopting the [year] edition
of NFPA [document llnmJJer], [IXJmplete document title] document.<;
listed in Chapter 2 of that code; prescribing regulations govern-
ing c0l1diti0ns hazardous to life and property fTom tire or explo-
sion; providing for the issuance of permit> and collection of fees;
repealing Ordinance No. _ of the [jurisdiction] and all
othel' ordinances and parts of ordinances in conflict therewith;
providing a penalty; providing a severability c1alL<;e; and provid-
ing for publication; and providing an effective date.
BE IT ORDAINED BYTHE [grJ1lemingbody] OF THE [juris-
diction/:
SECTION I That the {comPlete document title] and dOell-
ments adopted by Chapter 2, three '(3) copies of which are on
file and are open to inspection by the public in the oflice of
the (juTisrliction'f keeperofrecoTds] ofthe (jurisdiction], are hereby
adopted and incorporated into this ordinance as fully as ifset
'out at length herein, and from the date on which this ordi-
Bance shall take eflect, the provisions thereof shall be control-
ling within the limit~ of the [jwisdictioll]. The same are hereby
adopted as the code of the [jurLfdictioll] for the purpose of
prescribing regulat.ions governing conditions hazardous to
life and property from fire or explosion and provi.di.ng for
issuance of pennit~ and collection of fees.
SECTION 2 Any person who shall violate any provision
of this code or standard hereby adopted or fail to comply
therewith; or who shall violate or fail to comply with any
order made thereunder; or who shall build in violation of
any detailed st.atement. of specifications or plans submitted
and approved thereunder; or failed to operate in accor-
dance with any certificate or permit issued thereunder; and
from which no appeal has been taken; or who shall fail to
comply with such an order as affirmed 01' modified by or by
a court of competent jurisdiction, within the time fixed
herein, shall severally for each and every such violation and
noncompliance. respectively. be guilty of a misdemeanor,
punishable by a fine of not less than $ _ nor more than
$_ or by imprisonment for not less than _ days
nor more than __ days or by both such fine and impris-
onment. The imposition of one penalty for any violation
shall not excuse the violation or permit it to continue; and
all sHch persons shall be required to correct or remedy such
violations or defect<; within a reasonable time; and wht~n not
otherwise specified the application of the above penalty
shall not be held to prevent the enforced removal of pro-
hibited conditions. Each day t.hat prohibited conditions are
main tained shall constitut.e a separat.e offense.
SECTION 3 Additions, insertions, and changes - that the
[yemi editjon of NFPA [document nmnbll7J. [complete document
titlejis amended and changed in the following respects:
ListAmendll1ent~
SECTION 4 That ordinance No. of [jurisdiction]
en titled l/m in the title of the ordinance or oTdinance.\ in effect at the
2001 Edition
p'resent time] and all other ordinances or parts of ordinances in
conflict herewith are hereby repealed.
SECTION 5 That if any section, subsection, sentence,
clause, or phrase of this ordinance is, for any reason, held to
be invalid or lUlconstitutional, sllch decision shall not atfect
the validit.y or constitutionality of tl1e remaining portions of
this ordinance. The [governing body] hereby declares that it
would have passed this ordinance, and each section, subsec-
tion, clause, or phrase hereof: ilTespective of t.he fact that any
one or more sections, subsections, sentences, clauses, and
phrases be declared unconstitutional. .
SECTION 6 That the [jurisdiction's keeper afrecords] is hereby
ordered and directed to cause thL~ ordinance to be published.
[NOTE: An additional provision may be required to direct the
number of times the ordinance is to be published and to
specify that it is to be in a newspaper in general circulation.
Posting may also be required.]
SEC'TION 7 That. this ordinance and the rules, regula-
tions, provisions, requirements, orders. and matters estab-
lished and adopted hereby shall take effect and be in full
force and effect [time pe1'iod] from and after the date of it~
final passage and adoption.
A.3.2.1 Approved. The National Fire Protect.ion Association
does not approve, inspect, or certify any installations, proce-
dures. equipment, or materials; nor does it approve or evalu-
ate testing laboratories. In determining the acceptability of
installations, procedures, equipment, or materials, the author-
it)' having jurisdiction ma}' base acceptance on compliance
with NFPA or other appropriate standards. In the absence of
such standards. said authority may require evidence of proper
installation, procedure, or use. The authority havingjurisdic-
tion may also refer to the listings or labeling practices of an
organization that. is concerned with product evaluations and is
thus in a position to determine compliance wit.h appropriate
standards for the current production of listed items.
A.3.2.2 Authority Having Jurisdiction. The phrase "aut.hority
having jurisdiction" is used in NFPA document~ in a broad
manner, sincejurisdictions and approval agencies vary, as do
their responsibilities. Where public safety is primary. the au-
thority having jurisdiction may be a federal, state. local, or
other regional department. or indi"idual such as a tire chief;
fire marshal; chief of a fire prevention bureau, labor depart-
ment, or health department; building official; electrical in-
spector; or others having statutory authority. For insurance
purposes, an insurance inspection department, rating bureau,
or other insurance company representative may be the au-
thority having jurisdiction. In many circumstances, the prop-
erty owner or his or her designated agent assumes the role of
the authority having jurisdiction; at government installations,
the commanding officer or departmental official may be the
authority having jurisdiction.
A.3.2.4 Listed. The means for identifYing listed equipment
may vary for each organization concerned with product evalu-
ation; some organizations do not. recognize equipment as
listed unless it is also labeled. The authority having jurisdic-
tion should ut.ilize the system employed by the listing organi-
zation to identifY a listed product.
A.3.3.6 Blast Site. A minimum of9.1 TI1 (30 ft) can replace the
15.2-m (50-ft) requirement i.fthe perimeter for loaded holes is
marked and separated from non blast site areas by a barrier.
The word "balTier" means an object or objects that separates,
keeps apart. or demarcates in a conspicuous manner by means
of cones, a warning sign, or tape. The 15.2-m (50-ft) or 9.l-m
(30-ft) dist.ance requirements, as applicable, apply in all direc-
tions along the full depth of the blasthole. In underground
mines, at. least 4.6 m (15 ft ) of a solid rib, pillar, or broken
rock can be substituted for the 15,2-m (50-ft) distance.
A.3.3.8 Blasting Agent. Such materials or mixtures have been
found to be so insensitive that there is little probability of ac-
cidental initiation of explosion or of transition from deflagra-
tion to detonation. Blasting agents are 1.5D materials, and
test~ required to classify these materials are specified in the
U.S. Department of Transportation, "Hazardous Materials
Regulat.ions," 49 CFR 173.56,173.57, and 173.58.
A.3.3.11 Bullet-Resistant Construction. Tests to determine
bullet resistance are to be conducted on test panels or empty
lnagaz.ines. The panels or magazines are to resist penetration
of 5 out of 5 shot~ placed independerll:ly of each other in an
area at least.0.9 I'll x 0.9 m (3 ft x 3 ft.). Ifhardwood or softwood
is used. it~ W"<lter content is not. to exceed 15 percent.
'v\'here a magazine roof or ceiling is required to be bullet re-
sist.'Ult, it should be constructed of materials comparable tu the
sidewalls or of other materials that can widlstand tIle penetration
of buIlet<;fired at an angle of 45 degrees from pe'l)endicular.
A.3.3.12 Bullet-Sensitive Explosive Material. The test mate-
rial is at a temperature of 21'C to 240C (70aF to 75aF) and is
placed against a 12.7-mm (Vol-in.) steel plate.
A.3.3.13 Cap-Sensitive Explosive Material. ANo. 8 blasting cap
contains 0.40 to 0.45 g of PETN (pentaerythritol tetranitrat.e)
base charge pressed into. an aluminum shell h,wing a bottom
thickness not greater d1an 0.8 mm (0.03 in.) to a specific gravity
of not less than 1.4 g/cc and primed wid1 standard weight~ of
primer, in accordance with the manufacturers' specifiGttions.
A.3.3.16 Detonator. A detonat.or is not permitted to contain
more th,Ul 10 g of total explosive mat.erial per unit, excluding
ignition or delay charges, The t.erm includes. but is not limited
to, electric detonators of the instantaneous and delay types,
detonators ti)r use with safety fuses, detonating cord delay con-
nectors. and nonelectric detonat.ors of the instant.aneous and
delay types that consist of a detonating cord, a shock t1Jbe, or
any otl1er replacement. for electric leg wires.
A.3.3.19 Explosive. A list of explosives det.ermined to be
within the scope of Title 18, United Slates Code, Chapt.er 40, is
published at least annually by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco,
and Firearms. U.S. Departmen t of the Treasury. The classifica-
tion of explosives described in the "Hazardous Materials Regu-
lat.ions" of the U.S. Department of Transportation is provided
in Annex E. These regulations were revised in 1991. The term
includes, but is not. limited to. dynamit.e, black powder, pellet
powder, initiating explosives, detonat.ors, safety fuses, squibs,
detonating cord, igniter cord, and igniters. The term includes
any material determined to be within the scope of Title 18,
United States Code, Chapter 40, "Importation, Manufacture,
Disu"ibution and Storage of Explosive Materials," and also in-
cludes any material classified as an explosive by the U .S, De-
partInent of Transportation, "Hazardous Materials Regula-
tions," 49 eFR 100-199.
A.3.3.20 Explosive-Actuated Device. The term does not in-
clude propellant-actuated devices (see 3.3.43). Examples of
explosive-actuated devices arejeHappers andjet perforators.
A.3.3.22 Fire Extinguisher Rating. A rating set fort.h in
NFPA 10, Stllndardfm' Ponable F'im Extinguishers.
A.3.3.23 Fire Resistant. For exterior walls of magazines con-
struct.ed of wood, this is defined as the fire resistance equiva-
lency provided by sheet metal of not less than 26 gauge.
A.3.3.24 Flash Point. See also NFPA 30, Flllm17lable and Com}J1/.S"
tible Liquids Code.
A.3.3.29 Inhabited Building. The tenn includes any church.
school, store, railway passenger station, airport passenger tenni-
nal, and any other building or Sl.Iucture where people ,u'e aCClL'r
wmed to congregate or assemble. The term does not include any
building or stnlcture occupied in connection with tlle I'llanufac-
mre, transportation. storage, or llse of explosive materials,
A.3.3.37 Oxidizing Material. See NFPA'130, CodeIm'lM Stomge
oILiquid and Solid Oxidizers,
A.3.3.42 Propellant. It. is classified by the U.S. Department
of Transportat.ion, "Hazardous Materials Regulat.ions" as
1.1 (Class A) or 1.3 (Class B), depending on its susceptibil-
ity to detonation.
A.3.3.43 PropeIlant-Actuated Device. Any tool or special
mechanized device or gas generator system that is actuated by
a propellant or that releases or directs work r.hl'Ough a propel-
lant charge.
A.3.3.46 Semieonductive Hose. Any hose having a resistance
of no more than 2.0 megohms over it<; entire length and a
resistance of no less than 3280 ohms/m (1000 ohms/ft) meets
this definition.
A.3.3.48 Shock Tube. It contains only a limited qu,mtit.y of
reactive material so that the en erg}' that is transmit.ted through
the tube by means of a det.onation wave is guided through and
confined within the walls of the tube.
A.3.3.49 Small Arms Ammunition. This definition does not
include military ammunition containing bursting charges or
incendiary, tracer, spotting, or pyrotechnic projectiles.
A.3.3.53 Special Industria] E.,"'plosive Material. The high
explosives used include dynamit.e, TNT (trinitrotoluene), PETN
(pentacl)'t:I1Iit.ol t.etranitrat.e), and RDX (cyc.lotrimet.bylene-
trinitramine) .
A.3.3.55 Steel. Such as ASTM A ] 008, Slrmdrml SpecifiCalio7/.s
fo.r Steel, Sheet, Cold-Rolled, Garbon, Structuml, Hig;h-Stnmgth
Low Alloy and High-Stl'ength 1.ow Alloy willi ImPl'Ot'ed Formabil-
ity, or equivalent..
A.3.3.58 Water Gel. Water gels (or slulTies) are manufactured
"..ith wu'}'ing degrees of sensitivity to initiation ,Uld are classi-
fied as Division 1.1D or 1.5D Explosives, as appropriate. Water
gels can be sensitized by a material th,lt itself is classified as an
explosive material, such as TNT or smokeless powder, or the)'
cannot. contain any ingredient classified as an explosive. Water
gels in t.his latter category are sensitil.ed using metals such as
aluminum or using other fuels.
A.4.8.5 The toll-fi'ee t.elephone number for reporting inci-
dents to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms is
800-800-3855.
A.5.4.2 See NFPA 490, Code f01' the Stomge of Ammonium Nit'mie,
for guidance in choosing compatible materials.
A.8.G.l (3) A bullet-resistant roof can be permitted to be con-
structed in accordance with any of the specifications in Annex
e. A bullet-resistant ceiling can be permitted to be constructed
at the eave line, covering the entire area of the magazine,
2001 Edition
495-30
EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS CODE
ANNEXB
495-31
excluding the necessary ventilation space. Examples of bullet-
resistant ~eiling constr~ction include the following:
(I) Any constnIclion meeting the specifications in Annex C
(2) A sand tray having a sand depth of at least 102 mm (4 in.)
A.9.1.16(2) For further information, see IME Safety Library
PublicatioIl No. 20. "Safety Guide for tlJe Prevention of Radio
Frequency Radiation Hazards in the Use of COlTlmercial Elec-
tric Detonators (Blasting nips)."
A.9.6.4 The member companies of the Institute of Makers of
Explosives have agreed to supply advice on or assistance in
destroying commercial explosives to law enforcemell t agen-
cies, fire dep'art.ment~, and inspection and regulatory officials,
as well as to'ilsers of explosives. The manufacturer, if known,
should be consulted for assistance. If the manufacturer is not
known, a member company of the Institute of Makers of Ex-
plosives can provide advice or assistance.
A.l1.3(2) The specific requirement is provided in the U.S.
Department of Transportation. "Hazardous Materials Regula-
tions," 49 CFR 174.16.
A.12.1 Plosophoric materials, or plosophors, also are known
as two-component or binary explosives.
A.13.2.5 A bulletin on. this subject is available from the Sport-
ing Arms and Ammunition Manufacturer's Institute, Inc.,
Flintlock Ridge Office Center, 11 Mile Hill Road, Newtowl1,
cr 06170-2359.
Annex B Recommended Separation Distances
of Aumlonium Nitrate and Blasting Agents
from Explosives or Blasting Agents
77lis annex is not a patt of the requiremenLf of this Nl<P,\ document
but is included for i'nformational p-urposes only.
B.I Derivation of Table.
B.1.1 The Table of Recommended Separation Distances of
Ammonium Nitrate and Blasting Agents frolll Explosives or
Blasting Agenls is shown in Table 8.4.2.
B.1.2 A test program sponsored by the Chemical Manufac-
turers Association and the Institute of Makers of Explosives
and conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Mines developed data
on the relative sensitivity of ammonium nitrate (AN) and
ammonium nitrate/fuel oil (ANFO) to sympathetic <letona-
tion. The data then was applied to the American Table of
Distances for St.orage of Explosives (see Table 8.4.1) to pro-
duce the table of recommended separation distances for
ammonium nitrate and blasting agents from stores of high
explosives or other blasting agents.
B.1.3 The American Table of Distances for barricaded stor-
age of explosives has proven adequate through the years;
no data developed in this test program suggested the need
for modification of the table. However, a factor of 2 has
been suggested in the past for increasing the distances from
unbanicaded magazines. The results, employing two
charge sizes of AN and one of ANFO, yielded ratios of un-
barricaded to barricaded distances of 4.2 to 7.4. This aver-
aged to a factor of approximately 6, which was taken to be
appropriate. Therefqre, unbanicaded stores of AN or
ANFO not in bullet-resistant magazines should have six
times the separation distances of barricaded stores.
2001 Edition
B.IA The relativ<~ sensitivity of AN and ANFO to dynamite
was obtained by examining the relative K [;lctors for 50 per-
cent. propagation distances where the cube roof. of the weight
was employed in t.he foIlo.....;ng equation:
S = KW'/3
Propagation is possible where eitJ1er an individual donor
mass is located at less than the tabulated distance from an
acceptor or a combined mass is located at less than the
weighted distance from an acceptor.
8.2.3 In determining the distances separating highways, rail-
roads, and inhabited buildings from potential explosions (see
Table 8.4.1), the SUlIl of all masses that can propagate (i.e., lie
at distances les.~ tban those prescribed in the t.able) from ei-
ther individual or combined donor masses is included. How-
ever, whel'e the ammonium nitrate is to be included, only
50 percent ofit~ weight should be used because of iL, reduced
blast effects.
In applying the American Table of Distances to distances
from highways, milroads, MId inhabited buildings, distances
are measured from the nearest edge of potentially explodable
material as prescrihed in the American Table of Distances,
Note 5. (See Table 8.4.1.)
B.2.4 When all or part of a potential acceptor comprise Divi-
sion 1.1 and Division 1.2 Explosives, as defined in DOT regu-
lations, storage should be in bullet. resistant magazines. Safe
distances to stores in bullet-resist.an t magazines can be ob-
tained from the intermagazine distances prescribed in the
American Table of Distances.
B.2.5 Barricades are not to have line-of-sight openings be-
tween potential donors and acceptors that allow blast or mis-
siles to move directly between masses. [See Table B.2..5((I) and
Table B. 2..5(b ).]
Potential Donor
Potential Acceptor
Propagation Possible?
Table Distance, Minimum
Required eft)
9 x 6 = 54
32 x 6 = 192
28 x 6 = 168
101 x 6 = 606
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
where:
S = distance (ft)
W = weight (Ib)
This equation allowed the comparison of 726.4-kg (.l600-Ib)
d}lJamite accept.ors with 2451.6-kg (5400-lb) AN and ANFO ac-
ceptors; the results of these large charges are believed to be the
most reliable available. The ratio of K fact.ors for dynamite and
AN \-lIas 6.27, which was rounded to 6. The ratio for dynamite and
ANFO was 1.6. These f.lctors were applied to the Amel'ican Table
of Distances, thereby reducing the distance for barricaded AN to
<me-sixth the corresponding dist.ance for explosives. The corre-
sponding reduction for ANFO was 0.6.
B.1.5 One point should be emphasized: the distances in the
table are fOl' the separation of stores only. Since the blast effect
from ANFO is not significantly less than from high explosives,
the American Table of Distances still should be used for sepa-
ration from inhabited buildings, passenger railways, and pub-
lic highways. (The blast effect from AN is about 50 percent of
that from high explosives.) Further, the blast effect is not
moclitied significantly by barricades. The American Table of
Distances for un barricaded stores provides an additional fac-
tor of safety and should be used.
B.2 Guide to Use of the Table.
B.2.1 A sketch of the location of all potential donor and ac-
ceptor materials together with the maximum mass of material
to be permitted in that vicinity should be made. (Potential
donors are high explosives, blasling agents, and combinations
of masses of detonating materials. Potential acceptors are high
explosives, blasting agents, and ammonium nitrate.)
B.2.2 Each donor mass should be considered separately in com-
bination with each acceptor mass. If the masses are closer than
the table allowance (distances measllred between the nearest
edges), tile combination of masses becomes a new potential do-
nor of weight equal to tlle total mass. ""'here individual masses
,u'e considered as donors, the di~tance.s to potential acceptors
should be measured between the edges. ""'here combined
masses within propagating distance of each other are considered
a~ a donor, the appropriate distancl~ to the edge of potential ac-
ceptors should be computed as a weighted dist.ance from the
combined masses.
The calculat.ion of the weighted distance from combined
masses is as follows:
M2' M3 ............... Mil are donor masses to be combined.
M1 is a potential acceptor mass.
Dl2 is the distance from MI to M2 (edge to edge).
Dl3 is the dist,mce fi-om M1 to M3 (edge to edge), and so
forth.
To find the weighted distance [DJ (2'3 ............ n)] from
combined masses to M l' the product~ of the individual masses
and distances are added and the total is divided by the sum of
the masses, as follows:
Table B.2.5(a) Propagation Possibility - No Barricade
M2 (2500 Ib)
M2 (2500 Ib)
M3 (80,000 Ib)
M3 (80,OOOlb)
M1
M3
!VII
\1.12
Distance on Site
eft)
20
20
50
20
Potential Donor
Potential
Acceptor
Propagation Possible?
Distance on Site
eft)
20
20
50
20
49'
Table Distance,
Minimum Required eft)
9
6x32=192
28
6 x 10.1 = 606
30
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Notes:
M, -100,000 lb, fertilizer AN pl'iIls (maximum)
M2 - 2500 Ib ANFO (1IJ3ximum)
M3 - 80,000 Ib ANFO (maximum)
D12 - 20 ft
D23 - 20 ft
D,3-50ft
No other stores on site; no barricade exist~.
(For 51 Units: 1 Ib = 0.454 kg; I ft = 0.305 m)
Table B.2.5(b) Propagation Possihility- With Barricade
M2 (2500 Ib)
M2 (2500 lb)
M3 (80.000 Ib)
Mg (80,000 lb)
Comhined M2 + M3 (82,500 Ib)
M1
M3
MI
M2
M,
. Compute weighted distance to combined mass by equation 1:
Notes:
M, - 100,000 Ib Ferrilizer AN prills (maximum)
M., - 2500 IbANFO (maximum)
M: - 80,000 Ib ANFO (maximum)
DI2-2()ft
D23- 20ft
D13-50ft
No other stores on site; al.2-m (4-ft) thick earth banicacle exist. at B (JPe Figl/.r" B. 2. 5).
(For 51 Vl?its: lIb = 0.-154 kg; I ft = 0.305 111)
2001 Edition
2500 x20 + 80,000 x50 _ 49 ft
2500+80,000
D M2 xD,2+ Ms xDI3"'+ Mn xD'n
1(2.S,...n) M2+ Ms...Mn
(Equation B.l)
495-32
EXPLOSIVE MATERIAl.S CODE
z
E<(
~ Gi~
(J.~~
a:;;:;;~
a:1ii
LL
B
I,
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
L_J
Shipping area
(M3l
ANFO mixer
area (M2l
@J
ffiHl
I~~O CD
I =A~FO CD
D12
023-
013
.1
FIGURE B.2.5 ANFO mix plant.
Conclusion:
The maximum amount of blasting agent to be considered
for public protection at. this site is tlle sum of all masses, reduc-
ing Fert.ilizer AN mass by 50 percent as indicat.ed in B.2.3.
100,000 x 50% = 50,000
2,500
80,000
132,500 Ib
In accordance with the American Table of DistlIlces, the
required separation distance from an inhabited building (un-
barricaded) is 2000 ft.
The m,L'{imum amount of blasting agent to be considered
for public protection at this site is tht~ sum of M2 plus M3' or
,37,455 kg (82,500 Ib). In accordance with the American Table
of Distances, the required separation distance from an inhab-
ited building (unbarricaded) is 610 m (2000 ft). Where a natu-
r.ll or artificial barricade prot.ects the building, the required
distance is 528 III (1730 ft).
A1mex C Magazine Construction
This annex is not a pmt of the Tequirnn.ents of this NFPA document
but is inclttded for informational purposes only.
Magazines constmcted in accordance 1....ith the following mini-
mlIDI specifications are approved as bullet resistant (as defined in
Chapter 3). All steel and wood dimensions are actual dlickness;
concrete block and brick dimensions are nominal.
C.l Steel Exterior.
C.l.l 15.9-mm (%-in.) steel with an interior lining of non-
sparking material.
C.1.2 l2.7-mm (lh-in.) steel with an interior lining of ply-
wood at least 9.5 mm (% in.) thick.
2001 Edition
C.1.3 9.5-mm (%-in.) steel lined with one of the following:
(1) 50.8 mm (2 in.) of hardwood
(2) 76.2 mm (3 in.) of softwood
(3) 57.1mm (2I/tin.) of plywood
C.1.4 6.3-mm (%-in.) steel lined with one of the following:
(1) 76.2 mJl1 (3 in.) of hardwood
(2) 127 mm (5 in.) of softwood
(3) 133.3 mm (51f4 in.) of plywood
(4) 38.1 mm (11;2 in.) of plywood with an intermediate layer
of 50.8 mm (2 in.) of hardwood
C.1.5 4.8-mm (31\6-in.) steel lined with one of the following:
(1) 101.6 mm (4 in.) of hardwood
(2) 177.8 mOl (7 in.) of softwood
(3) 171.5 mm (6% in.) of plywood
(4) 19 mm (% in.) of plywood with an intermediate layer of
76.2 mm (3 in.) of hardwood
C.1.6 3.2-mm (VfJ-in.) steel lined with one of the following:
(1) 127 mm (5 in.) of hardwood
(2) 228.6 mm (9 in.) of softwood
(3) 19 mm (% in.) of plywood with an intermediate layer of
101.6 mm (4 in.) of hardwood
(4) Two layers of 19-mm ('Y,-in.) plywood with an intermedi-
ate layer of92.1 mm (3% in.) of well-tamped dry sand or
sandi cement mixture
. TI~ese regularjons covel' the classification, packaging, and
shlppmg of explosives (including blasting agen ts), oxidizers (am-
monium nitrate), flammable liquids, and flammable solid~.
Essentially, the U.S. DOT revised the U.S. hazardous mate-
r.ials regu.lations so that they conform to international regula-
tlOIlS, whIch are based 011 t.he United Nations Reco1mnendati011s
on lhe Transport of Dang:erous Goods. The revised regulations
standardize tesling and classitication procedures, nCHnencla-
ture, packa~ng, h~beling, placarding, and handling and elimi-
nate lI1COnslstencles that formerly existed between the U.S.
(domestic) and UN (international) standards.
It is likely that the most important change for the user of
explosive materials is the elimination of the Class A, B, ,Uld C
Explosives and Blast.ing Agent~. Under the UN recommenda-
tions, all explosive materials are placed lindeI' Class'l Explo-
sives. Class I is made up of six divisions that represent the
characteristics of the properties and hazards of a particuhlf
explosive. The breakdown of Class 1 Explosives into its six di-
visions is provided in Section D.2.
D.2 Class I Explosives.
(1) Division 1.1. Explosives tlIat presen t a mass explosion hazard.
(2) Division 1. 2. Explosives that present a projection hazard
but not a mass explosion hazard.
(3) [)iTI~sion 1.3. Explosives that present a fire hazard and ei-
ther a minor blast hazard or a minor projection hazard, or
both, but not a mass explosion hazard.
(4) Dirrisum 1.4. Explosive de"ices that present a minor explo-
sion hazard; no device shall contain more than 25 g (0.902)
of a detonating material.
(5) Divi1ion 1.5. Very insensitive explosives that present a mass
explosion hazard but are so insensitive thal there is little
probability of initiation or of transition from burning t.o
detonation under nonnal conditions of transport.
(6) Division 1.6. Extremely insensitive articles that do not
have a mass explosion hazard, and articles that demon-
strate a negligible probability of accidental initiation or
propagation (no applicable hazard class).
The dassification code for an explosive consist' of the divi-
sio~ I~~lrnber followed by the compatibility group letter. Com-
patIbIlity group letters are used 1.0 specifY the controls for the
trallspo~tation ar~d related storage of explosives and to pre-
vent a~ IIlcrease 1I1 hazard that could result if certain types of
explOSives are stored or transported together.
ANNEX D
495-33
C.2 Fire-Resistant Exterior. The exterior of any type of fire-
resistant material tllat is struc.turally sound can be permitted
to be constructed with the following:
(I) An interior lining of l2.7-mlll (Y~-in.) plywood placecl se-
curely against an intermediate 101.fi-.rnm (4-ili.) thick
laver of solid concrete block, solid brick, or solid conaete
(2) A;\ interior lining of 19-rnm,(%-in.) plywood; a first inter-
mediate layer of 19-mm CV4-in.) plywood; a second inter-
mediate layer of 92.lmm (3% in.) of well-tamped dry
sand or sand/cement mb:ture; a third intermediate layer
of 19-mm (%-in.) plywood; and a fourth intermediate
layer of 50.8-mm (2-in.) hal-dwood or 14-gauge steel
(3) An intermediate l52.4-mm (6-in.) space filled with well-
tamped dry sand or sand/cement mixture .
C.3 Masonry Exterior. The exterior can be permitted to be
constructed with the following:
(l) Standard 203.2-mm (8-in.) concrete block with voids
filled with well-tamped dry sand or sand/cement mixture
(2) Standard 203.2-mm (8-in.) solid brick
(3) 203.2-mm (8-in.) solid concrete
(4) Two layers oflOl.fi-.mm (4-in.) concrete block
Table D.2(a) Classification Codes
Classification
Code
Compatibility groups and classification codes for the vari-
ous types of explosives are provided in Table D.2(a) a~ follows:
(1) Compatibility groups and classification codes for sub-
stances and articles described in the first column
(2) The number of classification codes that are possible
within each explosive divis'ion
Altogether, there are 35 possible classification codes for
explosives in Table D.2(a).
Table D.2(b) provides explosives compatibility groups that
may be transported on the same vehicle.
For comparative purposes, the classificat.ion of explosive
materials under the UN recommendations and the former
U.S. DOT system is provided in Section 0.3.
D.3 UN Classification/Fonner DOT System. Division 1.1
through Division 1.6 are as follows:
(I) Division 1.1 Class A Explosilles. Dynamite, cast boosters,
cap sensitive emulsions, water gels and slurries, Class A
detonators.
(2) Division 1.2 Cl.ass A ar Class B Explosives. Division 1.2 gener-
ally contains ammunition or materials that present. a pro-
jection hazard.
(3) Division 1.3 Class BExplosil1es. Generally propellants or ex-
plosives that present a fire hazard but not a mass detona-
tion hazard.
(4) Division 1.4 ClrtSs C ExPlosives. Class C detonators, safety
fuse. and other Cla~s C explosives. '
(5) Dillision 1.5 Blasting tlgenL ANFO, noncap-sensitive emul-
sions, water gels, slun-ies, and packaged blasting agents.
(6) Division 1.6 No AptJlicable Class. Currently there are no
commercial explosives contained in Division 1.6.
In the UN system, oxidizers and organic peroxides form
Class 5 Explosives. Ammonium nitrate, an oxidizer. is classi-
fied as 5.1 (Class 5, Division 1). Flammable and combustible
liquids (fuel oils) are Class 3, and flammable solid~ are Class 4.
To determine the proper classification of an explosive
(class and division) criteria and test procedures have been set
up in the UN recommendations. Through these criteria and
tests it can be detelmined initially whether tlle material is an
(,xplosive and, if so, the hazard division 1.0 which it belongs.
In addition to the class and division number, every explo-
sive under me UN recommendations has a proper shipping
name and a four-digit. identification number. Shipping cases
are required to show the proper shipping name and the iden-
tification nllrnbel'.
Compatibility
Group
PrilTl<uy explosive substance
Description of Substances or Article to Be Classified
l.lA
A
Annex D U.S. Department of Transportation
Proposed Revisions of Explosive Materials
Transport Regulations
Article containing a primary explosive substance and not containing two or more effective
protective features
B
l.lB, 1.2B,
lAB
Propellant ex~losive substance or other deflagrating explosive substance or article containing
such explOSive substance
This anne.'C is not rt part of the requ.iremmts of this 'NFPfi dowment
but is included for informational purposes on~'V.
D.I General. On December 21,1990, the U.S. Department of
Transportation (U.S. DOT) issued a tinal rule that re,,;sed the
"Hazardous Materials Regulations' contained in Title 49, Code
of Federal Regulations, Pan 173.57.
C
1.1C,1.2C,
1.3C, lAC
1.10, 1.2D,
1.40,1.50
Secondary. detonatin.g explosive su?stance or black powder or article containing a secondary
detonatlllg explOSIve substance, III each case without means of initiation and without a
propelling <;harge; or ~trticle containing a prirmu'y explosive substance and containing two or
more effecl1ve protecuve features
o
(continues)
2001 Edition
495-34
EXPLOSIVE MATERIAI_<; CODE
Table D.2(a) (Clmtinued)
Compatibility
Group
Classification
Code
Description of Substances or Article to Be Classified
Article containing a secondary detonating explosive subst,:mce. without means of initiation,
with a propelling charge (other than one containing flammable liquid or hypergolic liquid)
E
I.l E, 1.2E,
1.4E
Article containing a secondary detonating explosive substance, with it~ means of initiation, with
a propelling charge (other than one containing flammable liquid or hypergolic liquid) or
wit.hout a propelling charge
F
I.lF,1.2F,
l.3F,I.4F
Pyrotechnic substanceor arljcle containing a pyrot.echnic substance, or article c~ntaining both
an explosive subst.ance and an illuminating, incendiary, t.ear-producing, or smoke-producing
substance (other than a water-activated artiele or one containing white phosphoms,
phosphide or flammable liquid or gel or hypergolic liquid)
Article containing both an explosive substance and white phosphorus
G
I.l G, 1.2G,
1.3G,1.4G
H
1.2I-I, 1.~.m
Article containing both an explosive substance and flammable liquid or gel
K
J
I.lJ, 1.2J, qJ
1.2K, 1.3K
1.11., 1.21.,
1.31.
Article containing both an explosive substance and a toxic chemical agent
Explosive substance or ar.tiele containing an explosive substance and presenting a special risk
(e.g.. due t.o water activation or presence ofhypergoJic liquids, phosphides. or pyrophoric
substances) needing isolation of each type
Articles conlaining only extremely insensitive detonating substances
1.
N
1.6N
Subst.ance OJ' anicle packed or designed so that any hazardous effect.s arising from accidental
functioning are limited to the extent that they do not significantly hinder or prohibit fire
fighting or other emergency response efforts in the immediate vicinity of the package
Table D.2(b) Class 1 (Explosives) CompatibiIiV Groups
That May :Be Transported on the Same Vehicle
Compatibility
Group A B C D E G S
A Yes No No No No No No
B No Yes No* No* No'" No Yes
C No No* Yes Yes Yes No Yes
D No No* Yes Yes Yes No Yes
E No No'" Yes Yes Yes No Yes
G No No No No No No Yes
S No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Notes:
'Detonators lAB and 1.45 (Explosive C) and cerr..'\in detonators lAB
(Explosive A) tll~\t contain no more than one (1) gram of explosives
(excluding ignition and delay charges) and are electric detonators
(electric blasting caps) with leg wires four (4) ft or longer, or detona-
tors (blasting caps) with empty plastic tubing twelve (12) ft or longer
shall be rransponed on the same vehicle with other Class 1 materials
(explosives) of Compatibility Groups n, C, D, E. G, or S, provided the
detonators are shipped in accordance with IME-22 specifications.
INO det.onators shall be transported on the same vehicle widl Class 1
materials (explosives) Compatibility Groups C, D, E, and G unless the
detonators are shipped in accordance with fME-22 specifications.
Under NO circllm~tances shall dC'tonators of any compatibility group
be shipped with Class 1, Compatibility Group A materials that were
previously cla.,sified <1.' initiating explosives.
Source: U.S. Deparunent of Transportation. "Hazardous Materials
Regulation," 49 eFR 173.57.
2001 Edition
S
1.45
Annex E Informational References
E.I Referenced 'Publieations. The follo\\-ing document~ or
portions thereof are referenced within this code for informa-
tional purposes only and are thus not part oft.he requirements
of this document unless also listed in Chapter 2.
E.I.l NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Associa-
tion, 1 Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-
9101.
NFPA 30, Flammable mul Com.bustible Liquids Code, 2000 edition.
NFPA 430, Code for the Storage of Liquid and Solid Oxidizers.,
2000 edition.
NFPA 490, Code fo-I" the Storage of Ammonium Nitmte, 1998 edi-
tion.
E.I.2 Other Publications.
E.I.2.1 ASTM Publication. American Socie~y for Testing and
Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA
19428-2959.
ASTM A 1008, Standard specifications for Steel, Sheet, Cold-
Rolled. Carbon, Slruc/ural, High-Strrmgth Low Allry (md High-
Strength UJw Alloy w/h Improved Formability, 2001.
E,I.2.2 IME Publication. Institute of Makers of Explosives, 1120
Nineteent.h St., NW, Suite 310, "Vashington, DC 20036-3605.
Safety library Publication No. 20, "Safety Guide for the Pre-
vention of Radio Frequency Radiation Hazards in the Use of
Co~mercial Electric Detonators (Blasting Caps)," May 1993.
E.I.2.3 U.S. Government Publications. U.S. Govemment
Printing Office, W,\.~hington, DC 20402.
Title 18, United Slalt~~ Code. "Importation, Manufacture, Dis-
tribution and Storage of Explosive lvlaterials," in Chapter 40.
Title 49, Code of Federal &gulations, "Hazardous Materials
Regulations," U.S. Department of Transportation, Part~ 173.56.
] 73.57, 173.58, and 174.1 6.
E.2 Informational References, The following . documents or
portions thereof are listed here as informational resources only.
They are not a part of the requirements of tllis document.
E.2.1 ANSI Publication. American National Standards Insti-
tute, Inc.,ll West 4211d Street., 13th floor, New York, NY 10036.
ANSI A 10.7, Safety Requin:mentfor Ihe 7'ransporlation, Stomge,
Handling, and Use of Commercial Explosives and Blasting Agents in
the Comtmctilm /ndu,St1Y, 1998.
E.2.2 IME Publications. Institute of Makers of Explosives,
1120 19th St., NW, Suite 310, Washington. DC 200c~6-:'~605.
Safety Library Publication No. I, "Construction Guide for
Storage }"1agazi~es." August 1993.
Safety Library Publication No.2, "The American Table of
Distances,"]une 1991.
Safety Library Publication No.3, "Suggested Code of Regu-
lations for the ManufilCture, Transportation, Storage. Sale,
Possession, and Use of Explosive Materials," 1996.
Safety Library Publication No.4, "Warnings and Instruc-
tions for Consumers in Transporting, Storing, Handling, and
Using Explosive Materials," December 2000.
Safety Librarv Publication No. 12, "Glossarv of Commercial
Explosives Indu~tryTerms," April 1997. '
Safety Library Publication No. 14, "Handbook for the Trans-
pOl.tation and Distribution of Explosive 'tvIaterials," May 2000.
Safety Library Publication No. 17, "Safety in. the Tran~por~
tation, Storage, Handlmg, and Use of ExplOSive Matenals,
July 2000.
Safety Library Publication No. 22, "Recommendations for
the Safe Transportation of Detonators in a Vehicle with Cer-
tain Other Explosive Materials," May 1993.
E.2.2.1 Videos.
"Don't Touch," pertaining to blasting cap safety.
"Emergency Instructions," pertaining to first response for
transport~,tion accidents involving explosives.
"Safe Storage of Explosive Materia!."
I
1
, 1-.
I
ANNEX E
495-35
E.2.2.2 Posters. Assorted posters pertaIlllllg to blasting cap
safety, emergency responses, and other important safety issues.
E.2.3 SAAMI Educational Materials. Sport.ing Anns and Am-
munition Manufacturers' Institute, Inc., Flintlock Ridge Of-
fice Center, 11 Mile Hill Road, Newtown, CT 06470-2359.
"Sporting Ammunition and tlle Firefighter" (video).
E.2.4 U.S. Government Publications. U.S. Government Print-
ing Office, Washington. DC 20402.
"Ammunition and Explosives Safet)' Standards," DOD
6055.9-STD, U.S. Department of Defense Explosives Safety
Board, Washington, DC 20314,1997.
"Federal Explosives Law and Regulations"; XTF Publication
5400,7; U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms: vVash-
ington, DC; September 2000.
"Explosive Hazard Classification Procedures": DLAR 8220.1;
Defense Logistics Ageflcy, Washington, DC; 1998.
Title 27, Code of Federal Regulations, "Explosive Materials
Regulations," U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms,
Pans 55 and 181.
E.2.5 Infonnational References.
Atlas Powder Co. (Dallas, TX). Handbook of Electric Blasting,
Rev. 1985,74 pp.
Borg, D. G., R. F. Chiappetta, R. C. Morhard, and V. A.
Stemer. Explosives (md RlIck BI.asting. Atlas Powder Co. (Dallas,
'IX) ISBN ()"9616284-()"5, 1987, 662 pp.
D'Andrea, D. v., and L.. R. Fletcher. "Analysis of Recent
Mine Blasting Accidents." Paper in Proceedings of the 9th
Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique, C. J
Konya, eel. (Dallas, TX,Jan. 31 - Feb. 4,1983). Soc. Explos.
Eng., Montville, OH, 1983. pp. 105-122.
E.1. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Tne. (Wilmington, DE).
Blaslm''s Handbook, 16th ed., 1978,494 pp.
The Fertilizer Instiune. (Washington, DC) Fertilize?' Sarn-
pling and Amllytical Methorl~ Mrmual.
Fischer, R 1.. B/.asting Incidents in J)'1ining. MSHA Program
Circular 7026, August 1988, 54 pp.
E.3 References for E.."tracts. (Reserved)
2001 Edition
495-36
EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS CODE
INDEX
495-37
Iudex.
Fixed location mixing
Blast.ing agen~~ ...................................................... 5.2
Water gels..................................................... .......6.3
Flash point (definition) ................................. 3.3.24, A.3.3.24
Flyrock .................................... .............................. 10.3
Fl'Cquency vs. particle velocity graphs............................ 10.1.2
Fuel............................... ...... 5.~.3.3. 5.2.4.3. 5.2.5.2,6.3.2(3)
Definit.ion ........................................................3.3.25
Fuses ............. .............. ..... Table 8.3.1 (b), 9.:U to 9.:3.2, 9.5.4
@ 20111 Nat.ional Fire Protection Associat.ion. All Righl~ Reserved.
The copyright. in this index is separate and distinctfi'oIll dIe copyright in die document that it indexes. The licensing provisions set forth for the
document are not applicable to this index. This index may not be reproduced in whole or in parr by any means without the express wriuen
permission of NFPA.
-A-
Above?round. storage, of explosive materials .... Chap. 8, A8.6.1 (3)
BaSIC rcqulrcmcnts ................................................. 8.2
Magazines ....................... ....... .............. ....see Magazines
Separation disl<mces .................................... 8A.I t.o 8.4.:1
Acceptor (definition) ................................................ 3.3.1
Access roads..... .....:.............. ....... ........................... '1.1.9
Accidents.................................... ..........................4.8.6
Airbla~t ..................................................... .......... 10.2
Air terminals, explosives at ........................ Chap. 11, A.I1.3(2)
Ammonium nitrate........... ...............5.4.8.5.5.1 (1).5.5.2.6.3.]
Definition................... ....................................... :1.3.2
Empty bags, disposal of .......................................5.2.8(6)
Separation distance frcnn blasting agenl')
and explosives ............................. 8.4.2,Allnex B
Storage ...................................................... 8.2.2, 8.4.2
Al1ununition ................................ .sr.e. SrnaJI arms auuIluni lion
ANFO (ammonnun nitrate fuel oil mixture) ..................... B.2.5
Definition........... ........... :.................................... 3.3.3
Approved (definition) ..................................... 3.2.1. A.:~.2.1
Authority havingjUlisdiction (definition) ................ 3.2.2. A.3.2.2
-B-
Binary explosives (dermition) ....... ............... ................3.3.4
Bins, bulk storage............................................. 5.4, A.5.4.2
B]ack powder...................... 8.2.4 Ex.. Table 8.3.1 (h), 13.1, B.4
Bla.~t area (definition) ............................................... :I.,\.~
Blasters
Definition.......................................................... 3.3.7
Permit. reqllirernenL~ ......................................... 4.4. 45.2
Blasting, use of explosive materials for......... ... ............ Chap. 9
After-bl<L~ting procedures ............. .............................9.4
AirbhL~t ............ .............. ................................... 10.2
Basic requirements................................... 9.1, A.9.1.16(2)
Disposal of explosive materials ........................... 9.6, A.9.6.4
Flyrock .............................................................. 10.3
Ground vibration .................................................. 10.1
Initiating blasts............ ............ ............. .................9.3
Misfires ............................................................... 9.5'
Definition................:.... ................................3.3.34
Pre blast. operatious ......... ......... ...............................9.2
BI~'ting agents ........................ Chap. 5, Table 8.3.1 (b), 1\.5.4.2
Bulk mixingand delivery vehicles................................. 5.3
Definition ................................................ 3.3.8, A.3.3.8
Fixed location mixiIig ..............................................5.2
Separat.ion distance fl'om ammonium nitrate
and explosives ............................. 8.4.2.. Annex B
Storage ................................... 5.4 to 5.5. 8.2.2, 8.25. 8.4.2
Transpol'lat.ion of packaged ....................................... 5.6
Use of ........ .................. ........ ........... ................... 5.7
Blast site (definition) ........................................ 3.1\.6. A.3.3.6
Buildings ................... .see Inhabited buildings; Mixing buildings
Bulk mix (dermition) .......... .............. ........................3.3.9
Bulk mix delivery equipment (vehicles)
Blasting agents ............ ......:.... ...............................5.3
Definition ................... .......... ...........................3.3.10
Water gels ..... ...................................................... 6.4
Bulk storage bins ............... .............................. 5.4, A.5.4.2
Bullet-resistant construction
Definition..... .........................................3.3.11,1\.3.3.11
Magazines................... ................................6.5.2,8.6.1
Bullet-sensitive explosive material (definition) .................. 3.3.] 2
2001 Edition
-c-
Cap and Iuse .................................................. 9.3.1, 9.5.4
Cap-sensitive explosive material (definition) ......... :1.3.1:\. A.3.3.13
Code adoption requu'Cment .......................................... 1.4
Composite propellant (definition) ........................... .... 3.3.14
Construction
Bullet-resistant...................... .see Bullet-resistant construction
I\-fagazines ....................................... 8.5 t.o 8.6, A.8.6.1 (:l)
Containers-on-flatcars, facilities for .................... 11.3, AI1.3(2)
Cords, detonating......................................... Table 8.3.1 (b)
Definition .......... .............................................. 3.3.15
-G-
Ground!vibration ........
......10.]
Blasting agents ................................................... 5.3
Water gels.................................. .......................6.4
Definition... ................. .................................... :t:1.35
Packaged blasting agent~ transported in .. ... ... ....... ..........5.6
Semiu-ailer and trailer vans ........................... 5.5.1 (4). 65.3
Transporting of explosive materials in .................... 7.2 to 7.3
-N-
Nonelectric detonators ..................................... 9.3.Cj.4, 9.5.5
Delav devices (definition) ...................................... 3.3.36
Notific~tion, of. explosives delivery ......... .. .. ............ .. .. .... 11.2
-0-
Oxidizing materhll ............ ........ .......... ....................5.3.5
Definition.............................................. 3.:1.37, A.3.:\.37
Small particle size...... ............. ............................5.2.5.1
~~~~~~eo~~ti~;;.::: :::::::: :::::::: :::::::::: ::: :::::: ::::::: .~:~:~: ~:~:~
-p-
Peak particle velocity limits ................................ Table ]0.1.1
Permits
Applications and renewals ......................................... -1.9
I\Ia~ter's .......................................................4.4. 4.5.2
Classes................ ............. ... .... ............ ....... .... ... .. <1.3
Denial or revocation of ............................................. 4.7
Plosphoric mat.erials. purchase of ............................. 12.4.~
Post.mg ................................................. ............ 4.:>
Record keeping and reporting .................. 4.8, 12.4.3, A.4.8.5
Requirement' .............. .....................................4.2,4.4
Restrictions .......................................................... 4.6
Person (dermition) .................... .............................3.3.38
Piers, explosives at ................................. Chap. 11, A.11.3(2)
Plosphoricmaterials ................................... Chap. ]2.A.12.1
Definition ........................................................ 3.3.:\9
Plywood (definition) .... ........................................... 3.3.40
Preblast operations ............................. .......................9.2
Primers ......................................... 9.2.5.2, 9.3.6.110 9.3.6.3
Definition ............................ ............... 3.:~.41
Misfires.... ........................... .............................. 9.5.3
Small arrr~~ ..................... .s,e Small arms ammunition primers
Propellant-actuated devices (definition) .............. 3.3.4:3. A.3.3.43
Propellants ........................ ............. ........... Table 8.3.1 (b)
Black powder........... ......................... .....see B1<Lck powder
Composite (definition) .......... ................................3.3.]4
Definition.............................................. 3.3.42, A.3.3.42
Smokeless........ ........................ . ..see Smokeless propellants
Public conveyances (def'mition) ............... 3.3.44; .Iee,also Railw<\ys
Purpose of code ....................................................... 1.2
-R-
Railways .............................................. 5.2.] to 5.2.2. 6.:U
Definition ....................... ................................. 3.3.45
Railway terminals, explosives at .................... Chap. ll,AI1.3(2)
Record keeping and reporting ................................. 4.8, 12.4
Referenced publications ............................. Chap. 2, Annex E
-S-
Safety................ .... .. ....... ................. .see Security and S<1fety
Safety fuse ..... ........................... ..... ......... .............. 9.3.2
Scaled distance equations ......................................... 10.1.3
Scope of code .......................................................... 1.1
Security and safety.......................................... Chap. 4. 8.8
Accidents ................................ ............... ...........4.8.6
Basic requirements ............... ..................................4.1
Loss. theft, or unlawfu] removal ............... 4.8.5. 12.4.2, A.4.8.5
~~~~ p.I~~.~~.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :;;; P~;~'t~
Record keeping and report.ing .................................... 4.8
2001 Edition
-H-
Hardwood (definition) . ............... ...........................3.1\.26
Heating of maga7.ines ........... ........................... 8.5.3 to 8.5.5
High explosive material~ ................................. Table 8.3.1 (b)
Definition ........................................................3.3.27
Highways ....... 5.2.1 to 5.2.2. 5.5.](4). 5.6.7 to 5.6.8, 6.3.1, Chap. 7
Detinition ..................... ...................................3.3.28
Hose, semiconductive ........................................... 5.3.1(2)
Definition.... "......................................... :3.3.46,1\.3.3.46
-D-
Defmitions ............ ....... .................... .......... ..... Chap. 3
Delivery vehicles......... .see Bulk mix delivery equipmeru (vehicles)
Department of Transportation regulations .. S.(j.7 to 5.6.8. Annex D
Detonating cords .......................................... Table 8.3.1 (b)
Definition .......................... ........... ................... 3.3.15
Detonators... ... .......... ......................... 7.1.8. Table 8.:3.1 (h)
Definition................. ......... ..... .. ............ . 3.3.16, A.11.3.16
Elecuk ............................................9.3.3 to 9.3.6, 9.5.5
Misfires.. ...........................................................9.5.5
Storage ....................................................... ......8.2.3
Disposal of explosive materials .............. ..............9.6. .'\..9.6.4
Donor
Definition .................... ............... . ..................3.3.17
Masses ...................... .......... ................... ...... .... 6.:U
-1-
Inhabited buildings.... ............................ 5.2.1 to 5.2.2. 6.3.1
Airblast limits for ..................................................10.2
Definit.ion ........................................................ :t:~.29
Ground \-'ihl",uion limil' foJ' .............................10.]
-L
Labeled (derll1ition) .................................................3.2.3
Lighting, magazines.................................................. 8.5.6
Listed (definition) .......................................... 3.2A, A.:3.2.4
Loss, theft, or unlawful removal of explosives ........... '1.8.5, 12.4.2,
A,4.3.5
Low explosive material................................... Table 8.3.1 (b)
Definition. ... ........... .............. :.... ......... .............3.3.30
-E-
Emulsion explosives ............................................. Cha p. 6
Definition ........................................................ 3.3.18
Equivalency to code ................................................... 1.3
Explosive-actuated devices (dermition) ............... 3.3.20, A.3.3.20
Explosive materials
Blasting, use for........ . see Blasting. IIse of explosive materials for
Bullet-st,nsitive (definition) ....................................3.3.12
Cap-sensitive (definition) ............................ ,t3. ]3, A.3.3.13
Definition ......... ...............................................3.3.21
Disposal............ .........................................9.6, A.9.6,4
Emulsion. ............................. ....... ..lee Emulsion explosives
High ..................... ..................... ..... ...... Table 8.3.I(b)
Definition ...................................................... 3.3.27
Low................ .................... ........, ......... Table 8.3.1 (b)
Definition ..................................................... 3.3.30
At piers.... .................... .................... Chap. n. Al1.3(2)
Security and safety ............................ .see Security and safety
Separation distance from ammonium nitrate
and blasting agents ................ ............... Annex B
Special industrial (definition) ..................................3.3.53
At tenninals .............. .......... .............. Chap. 11, A.l1.3(2)
Transportation of, on highways.............................. Chap. 7
Explosives (dermition) .......................... ........3.3.19, A.3.3.19
Extinguishers, portable fire .............................. 7.2.6, 7.2.7{l)
Rating (definition) .......... .................................... 3.3.22
-F.
-M-
Magazines............................................... 4.1.2. 8.U. 8.2.1
Blasting agent.s st.oJ'ed in ................5.4.1.5.5.] (2) to (3), 55.4
Bulk storage bins ................................. .........5.4, A.5.4.2
Classification and use .............................. 8.2.4 to 8.2.5. 3.3
Construction. .. . . . ... .. . ............. 8.5 to 8.6. A.8.6.1(3), Annex C
Definition ........................................................ 3.3.31
Heating of ................................................ 3.5.3 to 8.5.5
Identification signs..................................... 4.1.9 to 4.1.10
Lighting... ........... .. . . . ........... ............ .. ............... . 8.5.6
Location .............................................................8.4
Safety preeall tion.' . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . .. . . . .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . .. 8.8
Storage ,dthin ....................................................... 8.7
Manufacturing (definition) ........ ............. ............. ......3.3.32
Ma'>5 detonate (mass explode)
Definition ............................................. ...........3.3.31\
!'.lisf'rres ................................................................. 9.5
Definition ........................................................3.3.34
Mixing
Bull< mixing and deli,'el,' vehicles
Blasting agents ..' ................. ................... 5.3
w.'1ter gels ......... ....... "'" .................... 6.4
Fixed location
BhL~ting agenL' .'
Water gels ....
Mixing buildulgS
Blasting agents ......,............................................... 5.2
Water gel ..... .. .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. . .. . .. .... 6.3
Motor vehicles
Bulk mixing and ddi\'l'lY
......................... ....... 5.2
""" ..... ...... ...."............. 6.3
Fire resistant
Definition.............................................. 3.3.23, A.3.3.23
Magazines ................................................ 8.6.1 t.o 8.6.3
495-38
EXPLOSIVE MATERIAI.$ CODE
Semiconductive hose ............................................ [).3.4(2)
Definition .............................................. 3..3.46, A.3.3.46
Semitrailer and trailer vans .............................. 5.5.1 (4),65.3
Sensitivity...................................................... .....5.2.5.1
DefiniLion ...................... ..................................3.3.47-
Separation distances.... 5.2.1 to 5.2.2, 6.3.1, 8.1.1 to 8.4.3, Annex B
Shock tubes (definition) ................................ 3.3.48. A.3.3.48
Small arms ammunition............... 4.].6 Ex., 13.1 to 1~.2. A. ]3.2.5
Detinition .............................................. 33.49, A.:l.3.49
Small arms ammunition primers ............................. 13.1, 13.5
Definition ............................... .........................3.3.50
Smokeles.~ propellants...... ...................... ..............13.1.13.3
Definition ........................................................3.3.5]
Smoking prohibitions...................... 5.2.8(4). 5.3.3(5), 6.4.2(2).
7.1.4,8.8.1,9.1.4.2
Softwood (delmition) ..............................................3.3.52
Special industrial explosive material (definition) ....3.3.53. A.3.3.5:3
Special industrial explosives devices (definition) ............... 3.3.54
Steel (~efinition) ......................................... 3.3.55, A.3.3.55
Storage
Aboveground .... .see Aboveground storage. of explosive materials
Ammonium nitrate ........................................ 8.2.2, 8.4.2
Black powder.......................................... 13.4.2 to 13.4.7
Blasting, explosive materials lIsed for. ............. ............. 9.1.4
Blasting agents and supplies........... 5.4 to 5.5, 8.2.2, 8.2.5. 8.4.2
Bulk storage bins ..................... ......... ............ 5.4. A.5.4.2
Detonators......................................................... 8.2.3
Within magazines ...................................................8.7
Mixing plants .................................................. 5.2.8(9)
Oxidizers.. .. ...............................................5.5.]. 55.:~
Plosphoric materials............................................... .12.2
Small arms ammunition .............................13.2.2 to ]3.2.4
SmallaJ'msprimers ..........................13.5.].13.5.4to 13.5.6
Smokeless propellanLs ................................ 13.3.6 to ]3.3.9
2001 Edition
Water gels. .............. ........... .... ......... ....... ....... ......6.5
-1'-
Terminals, explosives at ............................ Chap. n, Al1.3(2)
TIleft of explosives ............. .............................4.8.5, 12.4.2
Theft-resistant
Definition ........................................................3.3.56
Magazines....... .................. .. ... 8.6.1. 8.6.2, 8.6.3, 8.6.4. 8.6.5
Trailers-on-flatcars, facilities for........................ 11.3. A.l1.3(2)
Trailer valis ................................................ 5.5.1(4),6.5.3
Trnnsportation
Black powdcr ............................................ 13.4.1, ]3.4.8
To blasting site .................................................... 9.1.8
DOT regulations............................. 5.6.7 to 5.6.8, Annex D
Explosive materials on highways........... .::............... Chap. 7
Packaged blasting agcnt.s ..................... ......................5.6
Small armsarnmunition ........................................13.2.1
Small arms primers ...................................135.] to '13.5.3
Smokeless propellants................................ 13.3.1 to ]3.3.5
Truck terminals. explosives at..................... Chap. 11, A.I].3(2)
Two-component explosives (def'mition) .......................... :1.:1.:')7
-v-
Vehicles, motor.. ..................................
Vibration, ground ..........................
... .Je( Motor vehicles
................... 10.]
__J
'. ~.,,-~_.(.. "
1-
'..
.1:
r,
-W-
Water gels .................... ........ .... ............... .......... Chap. 6
Delinition .................................... .......... :t3.5S, A.3.3.58
Weather-resistant
Definition ........................................................3.11.59
Magazines.... .................................8.6.1,8.6.2,8.6.3.8.6.4
Signs...:..... ................. ........... ...........................4.1.9
Cou-E