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Home My WebLink AboutPamphlets/Coloring Books for Schools (2) -A Note to -reachers and Parents . .. We are providing your students and children this coloring book as part of Martin Marietta's commitment to supporting education in the communities in which we operate. We intend it to be fun as well as informative for the children. Almost anywhere you go, you are in contact with products from the aggregate mining industry. Limestone aggregate as well as sand and gravel products come into our lives daily. The aggregates industry produces in excess of two billion tons of sand, gravel and crushed stone products annually. That is approximately eight tons per year for every man, woman, and child in the United States. The vast majority of the industry's products are used in the construction and maintenance of the nation's infrastructure, including highways, airports, bridges and waterways. Construction aggregate products are also used to build homes, schools, hospitals and shopping malls. In addition, other important uses include products to control sulfur emissions from coal-fired power plants and products used to sustain our agricultural productivity. The aggregates industry produces value. Stop and think about it. With so much demand for aggregate products, among other mined minerals, the cost per ton paid by consumers is the lowest. The low price is due in part to the aggregate producer's ability to locate operations close to the people who need the materials to build houses, schools, highways, and factories. As you can see, we all share the same community in many ways. Martin Marietta practices community and environmental care as a matter of common sense and respect for our neighbors. We hope the children and you enjoy coloring the pages in this book, and perhaps learning a little more about our work. Martin Marietta -Il' School " Church ~- ~ ..., .r cD Home '6 8 These buildings are made with the same things. Do you know what they are? 1 - I __ ___ _ y- --~ ~ c::::::::> ~ ... ~ - ~--- They are all made with sand, gravel and stone. Together, these are 2 called aggregates. Where do we get aggregates to make buildings? ~' """' ,- A ..... - " - Crusher , "'... ~ 4 ... ..... ,..... ~ -...... - .-- ..-......---""'" - '"' ... ..., ~ """'" "' ") ""' - ....... '" .... ...... ..... A " '"" ... " ,...., . ....... - ~... /Conve~ Be~ts-: / ' _: - ~ - - o 0 ,... ~ - . - ~O ~ _00 ....""' ~................. ....... ... ""'" 4..... ..... '-. >-. i ^'~ ....... - - , . ..... I I . ...... ~, -, ,.. . --- ,...- ,.. . I .....- --~ """"'- r- ... I ,.....:.. . I ..... ... ,-... ..... ) \ , -., . ....., Aggregates come from the earth. It takes hard work to mine sand, gravel and stone from the earth. People and machines, such as crushers 3 and conveyors, help mine aggregate. Jaw Crusher o Rock can be crushed into many sizes of aggregate. This crusher works 4 like a jaw by crushing larger rocks into smaller ones. It is called a jaw crusher. o ~~. '" ,.~ Some playgrounds are covered with asphalt, which is sometimes called blacktop. Asphalt is made mostly of aggregate material. It is held 5 together by other materials. ......".- ....".- -..r- ~ Q(.~ .... ~ .., ...., ... """ ... '" ..... -:> .., .... " ~ '" (l ~ ~ -. ...... . ""'.. ? " t'"""2... ... '" ... ..., "" .. ... --, "' ...... -.. ..,~ "" ...... ........ ,..... ~ -,,, " "I ,.., "" -~ - - "" . -- ,.. -.. ,. -- ,. ~ ,., --, -. " Aggregates are used to make the roads the school bus drives on. The dump truck brings aggregates from the quarry. ~ Airport Runway C0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - . Sidewalk Highway Concrete and asphalt are building materials that are made of a mixture of aggregates. They are used to make things we see every day. 1 -- ~~----~ ~ ~- --~-- ~ - -- -- ~--_--I __ B '-- ~- o o o o . I> 'b ~ o o o 0 The Earth o O. r ~~~.~. o o o o o c o Q Let's look at how aggregate materials are mined from the earth. ~ ~~ o /\- , , ,.... , D <- c (/ ;'"' r- _ CJ First, a scientist locates large sources of aggregate in the earth with a big drill. These sources are called reserves. A scientist who does this 9 is called a geologist. ~ O[] ~) o Then the workers use big machines, such as this front-end loader, to 10 excavate the materials. D o o ~ o ~ ......, ,.... o ........ c::::,. I ) Big rocks are crushed to smaller rocks. This machine, called a portable crusher, is moved to where the biggest rocks are. Then it crushes them 11 into piles of smaller rocks. ~~ ~ c::::::> ~ . .. (.~ . - ~;. ~r'."....~' ____ -. 'it --...-- .__- ., , f.J . '- ,) . .. - . --.- ,~ " -0~ ~ r, ~ ~o nl' l 11' I , l: ~ \,~ '\ ~ ~~ ) I} 1 )" I J ~ ~)) ,~ Oc \ :\ 8o~ l> ~II I ! l: i I} I / O~'\ . -)~' :;~ ,', \~:\." \1 f \ I ? [ / I. '\ , 0 v \ ') ,;, \ l} \ 'I. " " "~! I I t' ~ . . -""\ ""\ 0' \ ~ .... C> ~ \ \-:: -'. ~ , l!) .'. \~~\\ ')\';.~'\ i..... , /' dl~:~ ~ '~"M~- "~~) , r I I \ I, t4r ~ ........ "'" _ ~, ~ ") ~ , : (I 'I ,1:1.);~~-J '- _ -_~ ) ':3 -' J~:;J '~~~5Ec!~ -,~.. . ,.. Some rocks are too big to crush at first. They have to be carefully 12 blasted into smaller pieces. The workers follow special safety rules when blasting happens. ~ ~ -.r' -./' -/ ~ . -;L-~~--r----' --;. 1'J .:::t -' ,.. ? . ,.- ~ -::;:1 - -.::;.r - :::::; -~::...#- --- "'" -..:-- -~ - --;' - -~ ~ ....- =-- .--'~ ~ - ,.::::::;; - -- ---- .;"'- -- o c ,-.:' ".....~ ~ . ~ ~~~ ....., ~ ....., .00 '""'- - - Sand and gravel are sometimes dug up from under water in an excavation called a pit. This machine with the big bucket is called a '3 dragline. -/ -./' ..J,-./ ~ ~ \~ i J~ ~ ,/ /-41 --- ~ - ~ - - - - --... ...----- ----- - -- - - - - - -' - - - -- - - ---- ~ =--='- ...---r- . - -- --- - - ------ - - - -- -- -- - ~-~,-, --- -- -- -- -- --' -' -- - - - ---- ---- - ' ,...... Another way to get sand and gravel from the bottom of a water-filled I~ pit is to bring it up a pipe, much like a sweeper, or vacuum cleaner. It is called a dredge. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ e ~ .. .., :l '" o When the rock is crushed into the right size, it is taken safely to the building site. IS ~ -.r-..J? -' b ~ o ~ """"- - / ~ -- .. ~ ~. Caring for the environment is an important part of working at an aggregate mine. Special care is taken to help birds and animals that I (0 Ii ve in the same area. ~ c:=:? ~ -.r ...,0.:- -v- ~ -- -- - -- - -- --*~-- - -- - -:: -- --= -- - - - -- - -- . .: - .--.- - - ~-- --- - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - -- - --.....-....... - ~ - ----- - - L<~ - - - ~# """\ '\. ~ --,. When an excavated pit is no longer mined, the company that owns it continues to make it a place that people can use. Sometimes former aggregate mines become reclaimed areas for parks or housing I 7 developments with beautiful lakes. ---, ~ , \ . . ,-" ~ '" ' " " " '''' " ' Q a ,. l ..... Would you like to visit an aggregate mine? Do you want to work there 18 as a geologist or equipment operator? Martin Marietta This coloring book was developed and funded by Martin Marietta as part of its continuing commitment to community service. The company has approximately 225 operations across the nation. Martin Marietta Aggregates ~ Quality and Technical Services Center Environmental Affairs Group 780 North Valley Road Xenia, Ohio 45385 Wherever you are on Birth. . . WHAT DO AN EGG AND THE EARTH HAVE IN COMMON? How MANW Roc.,.sDoES IT TA.,.E TO COVER THE EARTH? WHAT IS AGGREGATE? You'll fmd the answern to thel:m questions and much. much more inside. But firnt -jUSt a few 'worc1s aba11t the mdustry that provided:you. With this actiVity boak:- The aggregates industry is committed to ~upporting education in the communities where we operate. We ~trive to be good neighbors by encouraging open communicatiOn. by meeting or exceeding enVironmental Qtandaroo in our operatiOns and by providing edu- cational materialQ like thi~ activity book. In the follOWing pages you'll find a variety of intereQting information. not only about the aggregates industry; but about our planet and our enVironment We're Qure you'll e1]oy the actiVities and the learning experience~. Okay! Now let's get started finding the answers to those questions! YOU'RE ON ROCK! , WHAT DO AN EGG AND THE EARTH HAVE IN COMMON? A lot more than you may think. Okay; they both begin With the letter 'E"-that'G ObViOOO. And they're both made up of layem. Think of it thiG way: The Earth' G core iG the egg yolk. The mantle iG the egg white. The croot iG the egg Ghell. Get the picture? EARTH Yolk Upper Mantle Lower Mantle White Outer Core Inner Core Eaa The core iG a Golid inner Gphere of nickehron Gurrounded by a flUid outer layer. ShentiGtG believe that the Earth' G magnetic field iG produced became of the outer core rotatmg around the inner core. The heat and preGGure in the core are interne. The mantle iG actually two layem. The lower mantle iG rather Golid. but the upper mantle iG molten rock. The molten rock iG a thick liqUid. Gort of like hot tar. When the molten rock fmdG a weakneGG in the Earth'G croot. it bubbleG up through and fmallyeruptG from a volcano. Last but not leaGt. a Golid crust forms the outer layer of the Earth. The croot iG thin-about 4 mileG thick under the ocean and up to S6 mileG thick beneath mountain rangeG. So when we Gay that the Earth' G croot iG thin. we joot mean that it' G thin compared to the other layem. This :IS a good tune to try the Vo1,a)rnr. Egg pI.'OJeCt on plg6 3. 2 Wherever you are on Emth . . . ..... .. d....... .. I I .~:. . ::::1::.1::::::: """,'.'""", I ::::::::::::::::::::;::::::::;::;:: :.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:-:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.: .. .:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.: :::;~::~::~::::::::::::::::::::: .:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.: :::::;::::::;:::::::::::::::::;:::: \ If you want to see how the molten rock in the mantle can break through ... the Earth's crust try this: I { For this project you'll need: One raw egg stove Small }X)t Cold water Table krufe Adult superviSion Carefully tap a raw egg With a table knife to make a crack in the shell. Then inSert the knife blade into the crack and break the thin membrane between the shell and egg white. Place the egg in a small pot and add enough cold water to cover the egg. (Now is the time to ask an adult to watch.) Set the pot on a burner and turn on the burner to medn:un-high. h the water heats to a boil. watch to see how the hot egg white erupts through the weak S}X)t in the shell and forms on the outside of the egg Do you know why this happens? h the egg white heats up, it expands and pressure builds up inside the egg shell. The egg white breaks through the weak spot. The lava or molten rock in the mantle acts the same way When pressure inside the Earth becomes great enough. spectacular volcaniC eruptiOns occur. ~~ Save yonr egg for the Igneous Roclt Egg pl'OJBCt an page Z Weight: 6,600 million million million short tons (5,976 million million million metric tons) Surface area: 196,935 million square miles (510,066 million square kilometers) Distance around the equator: 24,901.5 miles (40,075 kilometers) Distance around the poles: 24,859.7 miles (40,008 kilometers) Average distance from surface to center of the earth: 3,961 miles (6,374 kilometers) "OU'FlE ON ROCK! S __ - - __ __ __I -I WHAT DO A JIGSAW PUZZL.E AND THE EARTH'S CRUST HAVE IN COMMON? Probably just one thing A jigsaw puzzle is made up of smaller pieces that fit together. The Earth's crust is a jigsaw puzzle made of "plates" of stone. There are 7 mam plates and 20 smaller plates. These giant plates are in constant motion-shifting. cracking and colliding All thiS motion is called plate tectonics. The plates don't travel alone. They carry continents and oceans along with them. And when the borders, or boundaries, of these giant plates collide or separate, some truly amazing things happen. Volcanoes erupt and form islands. Earthquakes shift huge land (' , masses. Mountains are pushed upward and valleys Sink. Totally new land forms are created. II ........1...... I .................. ............/ ..:.:............... ................. I ............. Bi ill. :E;;;; Try. thiS to learn more about the 3 different typlS of plate bormdaries. For this project you'll need: Your hands Your imagmation ~~ When a plate moving in one direction grinds against another plate moving in the OppoSite direction. Crust is not created. or destroyed. Place your hands Side by Side. with your thumbs tucked \J U \.; rmder. Slide one hand forward and the other back. ThiS is how plates move past each other. often caUSing earthquakes. California is on a transfOrm bormdary ~~ When two plates smash into each other. If both plates are carrying continents. mountains form. The Himalayan mountains were formed thiS way They are the youngest and highest mormtains in the world-more than 4 miles above sea level. Make fiSts and put your knuckles together. Push your fists together and let your fingers rise into .. mormtains." 4 'Nherever you are on &rth ~ . . / :::::::111::::::::: If one plate is carrying a continent and the oth.er plate is carrying an ocean. the oceaniC plate slides :':::::::~:i:.:iiii ~:~ ~~o~;::~l:~yan;h~eeJa;;::ch;:e~~m~ :~ ~:l~~~~~~i~:~:apan's Mariana That's almost 7 miles! This time when you put your fists together, let your fingers on one hand slide under your other hand. Your fingertips melt into the Earth's mantle and become molten rock. This is how crUbt is destroyed. When plates separate and molten rock riSes between them. This is how new crust is formed. Many times thiS 4appens on the ocean floor. The rocks under the sea are softer and thinner than the rocks on the continents. When the plates separate. valleys are formed. Iceland is on a divergent plate boundary MJlten rock oozes to the surface caUSing much of Iceland to be warm even when the iSland is surrounded by ice. Place your fmgertrpl together and then pull them apart. A valley or rift is fOrmed between your fingertips. lOur fingertips are now the valley walls, and new crust is being created between them READING ROCKS You're right-rocks can't read or write or sp3B.k. But we can read them-even Without words. And they have a wonderful story to tell about the history of the Earth GeologiSts -read" rocks by studying the fosSils preserved inSide layers of rock. They can clasSifY different time p9riods in the Earth's hiStory by the fOSSils they find The rocks inSide the Earth are in layers called strata. The strata are made of different 1ypes of rocks and are difiBrent thicknesses from place to place. GeologiSts can tell what happened millions of years ago by looking at the way rock particles are arranged in the strata They may actually see ripple marks in the rock caused by water or Wind Forces like volcanoes.g}.aciers. Wind. water. magnetism and plate tectoniCS affect where rocks are depooited and how they look. Some rocks and minerals are found only in layers that formed durmg certain periods of the Earth' 9 past or when certain conditiOns eXiSted. By reading the rocks. geologiSts can find areas where the Earth' 9 crust is bkely to contain valuable natural resources. YOU'RE ON ROCK! S hhlhh :::::::::.::::::~:: I :::::::m:::.:::: llliiilillll!lll ............ 1111111!1!!!i! I; .......11...... ...,............,..., ..hh h Paleozoic (yellow) h" ThiS era lasted a little more than 300 million yearn. Ltfe on land and in the oceans ",. "continued to grow &ientiSts call thiS era the Age of FiShes. ...... Mesozoic (red) """"""""" ThiS era lasted about 160 million yearn and got its nickname-the Age of Reptiles- ::::::::::::;:;:::;=; beca"ne of the dInrY1au""" roamIng the Earth "",.,."'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'."'."':':.uo . uo J.O . . . :;:::::;:::;:;:;:;:;:;:::;:;:;:;:;:; :.:.:.:.:.:.;.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.;.:.;.;. .:.:........ ". ::;:;::::.:.:.:.:.:.;.:.:.:.:.-.:.:. h We all know that a calendar is diVided into months, weeks and days. A geologic cal- endar or time.gcale is diVided mto eras, or time periOds, made up of millions or billions of yearn. Constructing a geologiC timescale will help you get a better reel for the .h ... incredible length of Earth's hiStory For this project you'll need: 10 8 1/2" x 11" sheets of blue construction ~r 1 8 1/2" x 11" sheet of yellow construction ~r 1 8 1/2" x 11" sheet of red constructiOn ~r 1 8 1/2" x 11" sheet of green constructiOn ~r Ruler &iSsorn Tap3 Tape all the blue sheets of paper together end-to-end to make one long strip Cut an 8 1/4-inch strip from the yellow ~r, a 4-mch strip from the red ~r, and a 2-inch strip from the green pap3r. Tape the yellow strip to the riglt end of the blue strip, the red strip to the right of the yellow strip, and the green strip to the I'iglt of the red strip When you're finiShed taping the pap3rn together. they Will look like thiS: Earth was forming and the earliest forms of Cenozoic (green) ThiS era began about 65 million yearn ago. Its nickname is the Age of Mammals and we're liVing in it now! 6 VVherever you are on Earth . . . I / How MANY ROCKS DOES IT TAKE TO COVER THE EARTH? Only three-igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic. But t iSn't an e8fJy job! Igneous means -fire." Igneous rock WaB once hot liqUid inside the Earth. Rock that erupt- ed from volcanoes and cooled on the ~mrfuce is called extrusive igneous rock. Igneous rock that cooled more slowly inside the Earth is called Intrusive. ..........;.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:-:.:. 11:':::::::1:::::"":::::'::1:::: For this ~roJect you'll need: !@l '!@l The Volcamc Egg ( ~ '-- n :~e~~ ~';::;de~~ ::I~1s ~~~i~::r~rthe egg I, I ~~{ I I ' ::::i:... ..)::::::::: softer than the egg white that cooked out? ? ~ .II:II::!!I'IIIII:I:' How do you think intrUSive and extrUSive rocks c-=- .................................... IDa be .J~ffieren+? ~ fu%~W Y w ~. Sedimentary rock started. out aB Silt. sand and smaBhed-up seaBhells. The tiny bits settled and bUilt up in thick layers. Minerals from water seep3d into the spaces between the parti- cles and bonded them into solid rock. Jllljilil_IIIIIIIIIJ .,.,.,..,.,.,.,., 1IIIIIi'llllllli:i.! ..:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.;-:.:. ~if::.:':i':'::~::::::::::::::: .;.;.;.;.; ....:.;.;.;.:-: 1111111111.:11111,11 a ;.;.;.;.:.;.;.;.;.;.:.;.;.;.;.;.;.;. "."1.:.:.......'.:".'.' ::;::::::: ;.;.:::;::::::: :j:j::::IiI::::::::::: ;.;.;.; .'.~:. For this project you'll need: MiXing bowl Cbarse sand Epsom salt gpoon or stick Small ~r cup Water MiX 1 cup of water and 1/2 cup of Epsom salt in a miXing bowl. stir until most of the salt diSsolves. Place about 1 inch of coarse sand in a small paper cup. Add enough salt solution to just cover the sand. MiX well. Let the mixture stand until dry (about 2 to 3 days). Cut off the paper. Take a clooe look at the rock. Where is the salt? How does it hold the sand togethet? YOU'RE ON ROCK! 7 Metamorphic (meaning ..to change") rock used to be igneous or sedimentary rock that was changed by heat or pre88ure or both. :i::I:,.:i:i::::! I ,.,.z..,.,.,.,., ;;;;;;;'1';"";'; :1111111111111111.1 ::!!!:::E:::::!:: I .:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.: .. . ::::::::::::::::::::::::::):::::::: ................................. .::.:.:.;.:.:.:.:.;.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:. : ~;~i~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ ~~i~~~~ ~ ~~ ~@ For this project you'll need: Modeling clay Waxed paper 3 or 4 books Make about 2 dozen pea.-mzed balls from modeling clay of variOUS colors to represent rock particles. Place the clay balls clooe together on a piece of waxed paper. Place a second sheet of waxed paper on top of the clay balls. Now; put a book on top of the waxed paper. Then another and another. Imagme that the books are layers of rock bUilding up on top of the rock particles. The pre88ure on the rock particles mcreases as you add each layer. Heat builds as the rock particles are pushed deep3r mto the .. . Earth's crust Now remove the books and peel away the waxed Pap3r. look at the clay An entire- ly new kind of rock has been formed The same thmg happms to igneous and sedi- mentary rocks when they are changed Be sme to save ~ :Q)tit~'bllg clay for the pl.'OJeCt OOJD1ng up an page 14 8 VVherever you are on Emth . . . Is IT ANIMAL, VEGETABLE OR MINERAL? Everything on Earth is either arumal. vegetable or mmeral. If you have fiouble figurmg out if something is a mmeral. just ask yourself if it's an arumal or a vegetable. If it's neither. then the answer ill siIIlple-mmeral. A mmeral has its own identity It's always made of the same chemicals m the same amounts. It can look different. but on the inside it's still made of the same elements. About 20 mmerals are made of only one element-such as gold. iron. sulphur -=--: and graphite. But moot mmerals are compounds of tvvo or more elements bonded together. Minerals are the ingredients of rocks. Different ~ of rocks are made of different combma- tiOns of minerals. A particular 1yp9 of rock always has the same minerals. but sometimes in different amounts. .:.:.:.:. .;.;.;.:. .;.;.;.:.: ".z.;.:.: :::::::::::;;:::::::::::::::::::::;: ;:::::;:::::;:;:;:;:::;:;:;:;:::;::: :::::::::~:::::::::::::::::::::~:: 1\ ~ <:) If words were rocks, then the letters that make up the word would be minerals. Have fun unscrambling these letters (mmerals) to make words (rocks). CHIMEMATORP TIDESRANYME SIGNOUE COOLVAN OKRC -Q---Q----Q ------Q--OO -----Q- -G----Q Q--G No'M unscramble the Circled letters to make words that complete thi8 phrase. Wherever you are on Earth. . . , I . YOU'RE ON ROCKl 9 " ---------, fill ill your name here DID You BRUSH YOUR TEETH?" You probably hear that quef:tiOn alrnrnt every day] If you did brush your teeth today (let's hope sol) then you used these minerals-calcium carbonate. zeolites and sodium carbonate With clay If you used a fluorid~ gel. then you also used Silica and fluorspar. Minerals are everywhere you look and you use them every day of your life in countless ways. They are used ill mediCines. crnmetics. computers. dishes. explrnives. fertilizers and much. much more. Check the labels on the products you use-like paints. Vitamins. food and soap- to see what minerals are liSted as ingredients. Next time you eat a potato Chip. thmk about how that tasty mineral-salt - adds to the flavor. And thank goodness for the mineral kaolin. It's the ingredient in kaopectate- the mediCine for diarrhea. illlll:llill:1 , :::.::: .,.,.,.,.II!,.,.,.,., ::::::111\:::: .11.. ::::::11:::: :::::.:::: i::::&:I i::.::: .:.:.::1,.: :I!I:.~!:!I!: .... Color the IS sets of matching rock shapes With different colors. When you do. you'll also be matching a rock or a mineral With one of its uses. ~tt ~ ~ -V ~ CE0 9 <Ed ~e 10 Wherever you are on futth . . . AGGREGATE - WHAT'S THAT? Gocrl question! Aggregate is stone and sand and gravel. Aggregate can be ured in its natural state or it can be rock that is crushed into smaller pieces. And it's the one mineral commodity we use more of than any other. Aggregates are used to bUild highways. bridges. homes. schools and Sidewalks. Your driveway may be made of concrete. crushed stone or asphalt. Your house may be constructed of brick or stone and the roof may be asphalt shingJes. The Sidewalk near your school is probably made of concrete. We call the aggregates used for bUilding "constructiOn aggregates." ~ome aggregates are also used in agriculture and manufactUring ( ~, ~. ~ ~ ~r~ /f/ -/-1-/ I- /-1--- Think about how aggregates are used in your home and neighborhood. Now imagine how all the neighborhoods and communities and Cities aro1llld the world use aggregates. You can see how important prodUCing and USing aggregates is to the people and the economy of the world. The United ~tates alone uses more than 2 billion tons of aggregate each year. ( Pebble ~ r811J [IJ ~ ~ Boulder More than 10 in. (254 mm) in diameter Cobble From 2.5 to 10 in. (64 to 254 mm) in diameter -~ Granule Grain From .16 to 2.5 in. (4 to 64 mm) in diameter From .08 to .16 in. (2 to 4 mm) in diameter From .04 to .08 in. (1 to 2 mm) in diameter YOU'RE ON ROCK! " WHERE ON EARTH ARE YOU? ~. N w E --- " , " .;" s o 200 ft. 400 ft. I I I Scale: 1 INCH = 400 FEET k. LEGEND Highway ~ Quarry >---< Bridge * ^ 44 U VIllage ------- Trail ~~~ Woods V\/\ V Swamp 0 Htt1it1 Railroad ~ Shallow ~ Campsite 0 <::> 0 Farm J-W..I.W..I-I QT" Water ~ 0 <::> C> ~ Playground 6 Ship Dock ~ Rail Depot 12 Wherever you are on Earth . . . WHERE ON EARTH ARE YOU? Map Reading Wherever you are on Earth, there is a map to help you find your (3, way around. There are ~treet ~, topographic maJE, weather maJE, "JX}litical maJE, populatiOn ~ and more. You've probably ~een a map kio~k at the mall to -2 help you find your way to your favorite ~tore. Your paren~ may keep a road map in the gfove compartment of the car. A map i~ ~eful only if you know how to read it study the map on the faCing page and ~ee if you can arnwer th~e qu~tiOrn. 1. How far i~ the quarry from the railroad de"JX}t? 2 What direction is the farmland from the quarry? 3. What methoOO of trarnportatiOn can you find on the map? 4. If you follow the trail to pomt E, what Will you find? S. I~ the campmte ~t or west of the quarry? 6. How far is it from the Village at pomt A to the firnt bridge on the trail? ? What direction is the village from the bridge on the hi~way that cro~~~ the rivet? 8. If you lived in the Village and wanted to hike to the camping area, how many bridg~ would you have to cro~~? , '- 9 What is located at pomt F? lQ If you wanted to watch ~m~ being loaded where would you go? YoU'RE ON ROCKl 13 _ L_ ___ BURIED TREASURE! X MARKS THE SPOT. It would be great if fmdmg where Earth's resources are bUried were that mmple. But geolo- giSts have other ways of findmg buried treasure. Some rock formatiOnG giVe clues about what lies beneath the surface. Trilltruments that detect changes in graVity; radiOactiVity and magnet- iSm are sometimes used to locate certain 1NPes of ores. Drillmg for and testmg samples of the underlying rock is the only sure way to tell its Size. sh~ and quality II I \":111:\::: illl!!!!!IIIIII!!! illll!I!III!!!!!II' J.;r:l ;:::::::111::::: I .. Try thiS project if you want to get a better idea of how geologiSts decide on the best place to locate a quarry For this project you'll need: 3 or 4 different colors of mcxleling clay Waxed paper Clear plastiC drinking straw II ------ "' MiX egg-mzed pieces of 3 different colors of mcxlelmg clay together so that. you are still able to see distmct layers of each color. gightly flatten the piece of mixed clay on a sheet of waxed p~r. Now use enough clay of one color to make a SOil "cover" to place over the layered clay Next. use the drinking straw to take "core samples" of the clay Push the straw nn through the layers of clay and pull it out. The layers of clay you see are Similar to the layers of SOil and rock that a geologiSt sees when he or she bores mto the Earth's crust. . , 14 VVherever you are on Earth . . . r LET'S START MINING! WBB your exploratiOn program successful? Congratulations! Make sure your ~rIllits are m place and let's start mining! The first step many 1M:e of mmmg is removmg rock from the ground. 10 begm. any unus- able rock and SOil (called .overburden") covering the orebocly is removed and stockpiled for later use. De~ndmg on how hard or loooe the rock to be mmed is. it may be removed by '.- either dredgmg. diggmg or blBBtmg Dredging is the process of removmg loooe material (like gravel) from under the water (lakes. rivers. oceans. etc.) USing drag lines and dredges. Digging is the process of removmg loooe or eB.Bilybroken material (like sand and some iy~ of rock) USing bulldozers or front-end loaders. Blasting is the process of removmg hard rock from the earth With explooiVes. Special ~rmits are reqUired and safeiy precautiOns are taken when blBBtmg is necessary Whew! That WBB tough But now the rock is out of the earth and processmg begins. .What is processmg?" you BBk. Processing is anythmg that needs to be done to rock befOre it is useful. Some mmerals. like gold or copper. reqUire lots of complex processmg to chemically separate the needed mmeral from rock. Luckily; aggregate does not reqUire much processmg before it is useful. Mainly; it only reqUires: Crushing is smBBhmg or breakmg the rock mto different-Sized pieces fOr different uses. Some sand and gravel does not reqUire crushmg Screening is sortmg the crushed stone by Size. The screens look like wmdow screens With openings that vary m Size.r " Washing is removmg clay; dirt and smaller-mzed particles from the aggregate. YOU'RE ON ROCK! 15 When procesSiIlg ill complete. there are usually several different "stDckpiles" of aggregate rock fOr different purpooes. Haul trucks. trams or barges are loaded With the Size of aggregate that ill needed to do a par- ticular jOb. S;ome sizes are used in concrete (like for Sidewalks). f;ome are used in asphalt (like paved roads). And others are used as decoratiOn in landscaping or to help stop eroSion along rivers or hills. .- RemOVing the rock from the earth and proceSSing it may take many years. During the entire process. quarry operators take care to protect their commuru1y- and the enVironment from nOllie. water and air p:.>llutiOn. They may plant areas of trees called buffer zones beONeen the quarry and its neighbors. And someday; when surface mining ill finiShed. the trees are already there as part of the next step in the mining process-reclamatiOn. Reclamation? Keep reading and you'll find out what it means. Reclamation means ..to reclaim" the land In other words. to make it into an area that Will be useful to humans or Wildlife. S;ome depleted aggregate operatiOns become lakes or wetlands fOr recreatiOn or Wildlife. Others are leveled for developing houses. office parks or malls. And sometimes they are turned into beautiful golf courses or parks. ~ Om you th1Illt of any otbsr recJ.,aWlolttan 1deas for an aggregate ope:ratum.? Draw a pctU1'8 of your 1dea below: 16 Wherever you are on Earth. . . .. QUARRY MAZE Now its time tD talce a tour of a quarry oIBration. & gure to -p9S~ through each Circle on the tDu:r. ~ ~ ~-- l~~ ~~ ~~\ ~~~ Il)~ u:l_ I~~~ ciJ ~~~ (:.t1 )l \J1Q ...... ""'-- YOU'RE ON ROCKI l' ~ _ L_ __ AGGREGATE WORD SEARCH D R E G N I S S E C 0 R P R N P R 0 C E S G E 0 L 0 E E N 0 T S E M I L Q B R D Q c A G G R E G A U U E G E 0 L 0 G Y R R I A I C I C V I A G G N L M R L T N 0 M Y G M S 0 D E R D N G N Y A G E A I H B U I E D Q u A R R Y T H I G N M E L I M E Q u C I I N G N R 0 Q 0 G U R U G 0 Q s 0 D M L N A A R R H U N G R M Y 0 0 T R Y T W H I G I 0 G R C E R E S A G G R V N Y I E N 0 G N Y Y M E N 0 N V I R 0 N 0 S S I N E C N N R E C E C 0 N 0 M Y Find these wmda They ma~tbe ver'bca1. hammltaL dtaganal or bsckwa:rda aggregate environment construction processiJlg quarry highways economy dredging bUildings reclamation limestone geology ChemiSt Computer ~iahst EnVironmental S~ialiSt Equipment O~rator Geological Engineer GeolOgiSt GeophysiCiSt Insprlnr Mining Engineer Plant Manager SeiSmolOgiSt llirveyor " 18 Wherever you are on Emth . . . - ------- ---- PUZZLED ABOUT Roc~s? - 2 stone and sand and gravel 4 a sail adhtiVe S runs on rails 8 someone who demgps structures 9 a place where ro;k is blasted from the Earth 10 one ~ of sedimentary ro;k 11 a II1:i:Xture of hmeStone and ~um that is used as the due m concrete 12 makmg an area useful to 19 a reserve supply of sorted humans and Wildlife after awega.te mmmg 2D a mmeral used m 16 mmeral matter fOrmed m brakelmmg IIlBffiffi m the Earth's crust 21 a II1:iXture of cement and 17 ~ of ro;k used to stone that is used to make sculptures Sidewalks. street and fOundatiOns 18 a place where sand and 22 a loc:re II1:iXture of rebbles tavel are removed from the and ro;k fra~ents rth ... ~ 1 a large IIlflffi' of ice 3 someone who studies ro;ks and the Earth 6 a rock that contams mmerals that can 00 mmed at a profit 7 net animal or vegetable 13 middle layer of the Earth 14 used to sort ro;ks by Size 15 rock that is made of small pieces of sand. clay or broken shells 17 rock that has been changed by heat or ~ure 24 a layer of ma;tly dirt that is above the aggregate '25 used fOr haulmg aggregate on the higway 26 the outside layer of the Earth 28 the surface layer of Earth where plants grow 29 2CXJJ p:mnds ?J) used to make roads-a II1:iXture of stone and Oil 32 i~eous ro;k that cools above the Earth's surface 23 li2'[leoUS ro;k that cools below the Earth's surface 27 an a~ga.te you can :find at the "OOacFi 31 one of the fOrces that prcxluces metamorphic ro;k YOU'RE ON ROCK! 19 L_ Wherever you are on Earth -~ Page 9 ~@L.~.M.@.RE.lLL@ ~~.Q....1..t1~@L~~ .LJi..Ji.~Q..@~ L@..b.~A.1:!...@ @iL~@ L 1l. J.L t.1L L .Il...Dl... ...B....Q...w....lS.. ! Page 10 Basalt Talc Graphite Diatomite China clay Slate Silica sand Bentonite Limestone Antimony Marble Borax Asbestos Granite Lime Page 18 landscaping stones cosmetics pencil lead water filters dishes blackboards glass carbonless paper roadways flame retardant statues detergent brake lining building stone soil additive Page 17 Page 13 1. 1200 feet 2. South 3. Train, boat 4. Playground 5. East 6. 800 feet R p) 1 L 0 B R U E I C L T D N I E N M G N S 0 G R I G I G R V M E N I N E 0 M y 20 7. North 8. Two 9. Woods 10. Point B (Ship dock) Page 19 YOU'RE ON ROCK! r~ AG A A E E Say AG-GRE-GATE. Now that's a big wordl Say it againl Now say it a thirdl ,.. ~ ...::C ,-- .. ~ ~ tJ 0 . . . . . . . ~ . Meet Cubee. He is a piece of aggregate. ~\~ ~I~ ~~ 2 \\~ Do you know what aggregate means? 3 4 Aggregates are special rocks used to build things. I'm used to make roads. houses. and buildings. sidewalks and schools. I'm used to build things. o 5 I'm big as a boulder. or small as sand. Break me apart I'll have friends on handl I ". ,. . o , . '~.. · · \.....r Go · Q - ---- Meet Cubee's aggregate friends! Aggregates come in all different sizes, from big boulders to grains of sand. 6 Dig in the Earth, or under the sea, Dig and you'll tind many Ot mel Do you know where Cubee comes from? Cubee and all aggregates come from the earth. 7 . . . . n . (') . en ~ . () cv-- ~ l"'"') I~ () ("" ('1 00 n 00 /' (' . I . . 0'00 ~ . 0 00 0 .I 000 ., oJ '.. 0 0 o 0 <> I'""\..,.. 00 . . 00 . . . 00 0 I . 1/ (, . . . . ., . ". ..~. . . . People dig up Cubee and his aggregate friends in pits and quarries. Sometimes explosives are used to carefully blast aggregate from the earth. 8 Convey me, screen me, crush me to size, Wash me and stack me, See the piles risel . . . . . (\~ I"'l l' to--. I . C-- r-- I ".-- r-r-' rc- ,.,~ - ~ ~ Aggregate plants crush and separate Cubee and his aggregate friends into different shapes and sizes. 9 And when r m all dug up from the ground. The land is put back to how it was found. ~ After a pit or quarry closes, there is still a lot of work to be done. 10 '" \. A pit and quarry is then reclaimed. This means that the land is made useable for plants, animals or people. 11 Load me up into boats. trucks or trains. Off I go to places where building remains. People at pits and quarries make a lot of sizes of aggregates... 12 .~ c Y" .. I (!,.. ~ ~ "" "" ~o 0 ...because aggregates are used in so many ways! 13 - I Concrete and asphalt are made with aggregates, too. 14 I .""...,. ~ I~ .""...,. Do you walk to school on concrete sidewalks? Maybe you ride on a bus that drives on asphalt roads? 15 So here's a fun game that you can play. Think of all the ways aggregates help us through our day! 16 o1i :\ .~ Dear Teachers and Parents, Sometimes things are used so often and in so many places, we no longer consider their significance. But, the importance of aggregates-rocks used in construction and industry-can hardly be overstated. Aggregates are essential to the safety, comfort, productivity and standard- of-living we enjoy. The purpose of this coloring book is to help children to recognize the importance of aggregates, as well as to teach them how we provide these essential rocks, sand and gravel to our community. What value can be placed on safe, sound and functional roads, buildings, airports, dams, bridges, sidewalks, water and sewage works, homes, churches, hospitals, railroads-virtually every element of our infrastructure? In our view, that same value needs to be placed on the building products that make these elements possible. Just about every type of construction requires aggregates. Aggregates form solid building bases and foundations, and are an essential ingredient in asphalt and concrete-staple materials used in nearly every kind of pavement and building project. In addition, certain types of aggregates are used to treat emissions from coal-fired power plants, while other types are used to sustain agricultural productivity and even to enhance products like paint, paper, toothpaste and pharmaceuticals. Though our communities are getting more high-tech every day, in many ways, it is essential that we remain in the "stone age!" Look under our cars, trucks, trains and airplanes; look around all the high-powered computers and state-of-the-art offices and manufacturing facilities; look around your home and neighborhood: Aggregates and aggregate-based products support and surround them all! As you can imagine, demand for aggregates is high. Yet, compared to other mined materials, the cost-per-ton paid by consumers is the lowest. This low price is dependent on the aggregate producer's ability to locate operations close to the communities that need them. To ensure this remains the case, people need to recognize the vital importance of aggregates, and keep in mind local aggregate resources in land-use planning. In short, we all have the same goal in mind: To make our communities the best they can be. It all starts with getting to know each other better. We practice community and environmental care as a matter of common sense and respect for our neighbors. We hope the children enjoy coloring the pages in this book, and perhaps, everyone will learn a little more about our work as aggregate producers in the community. ~