HomeMy WebLinkAbout 2003.0038CARMEL FIRE DEPARTMENT Page 2
2 CIVIC SQUARE
nspection Date: 03/07/03 CARME1, IN 46032
(317)571-2600
Inspection #: 2000004350 Plan#: 2000001358 District: 42 Permit#: Date: 02/12/99 Inspection Type: INSPECTION
Business Name: WESTON CLEANERS
Address: 4000 W. 106TH ST. SUITE 240
CARMEL 46032-
Owner/Tennant: OLYMPIA PROPERTIES Phone:
,/ Below Indicates improper or unacceptable situation
(317) 733-8121
EXITS
KNOX BOX -
ELECTRICAL
Exit Signs Not Illuminated:
/
Knox Box Not Present: ❑
Improper. Clearance In Front Of Panel: ❑
Improper Door Swing:
❑
Improperly Located: ❑
Openings In Panel: ❑
Improper Emergency Lighting:
❑
Keys Missing: ❑
Panel Not Labeled: ❑
Improper Penick Hardware:
❑
Missing Switch/Outlet Covers ❑
Doors Are Blocked/Locked:
❑
Extension Cords Present %/
Mechanical Room Used For Storage: ❑
FIRE ALARM
Fire Alarm Not Present ❑
or Not working:
Last Service Date / /
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
Improperly Installed: ❑
Improperly Inspected: ❑
No. of Extinguishers: 3
Last Service Date 01/01/03
Kitchen Hood: Lash Service Dale / /
SPRINKLER SYSTEM
FDC Not Present: ❑
FDC Blocked ❑
FDC Caps Missing: ❑
Last Service Date / /
STANDPIPE SYSTEM
Improper Adapters: ❑
Connections Blocked: ❑
Caps Missing: ❑
Last Service Date / /
Notes:
EXIT LIGHT OUT/ REAR DOOR
OBSTRUCTIONS IN EXIT PATH/DISCHARGE/ REAR DOOR/ CLOTHING RACKS BLOCKING EXIT
EXTENSION CORD USE THROUGHOUT IN SEVERAL AREAS. NEED TO BE HARD WIRED OR SURGE PROTECTED DEVICE USED
FIRE EXTINGUISHER NEEDS HUNG/ SITTING ON FLOOR FRONT OFFICE AREA
STORAGE OF CHEMICALS NEED TO BE IN APPROVED AREA/CABINET- REMOVED FROM BOILER ROOM
OUTSIDE CONTAINERS OF CHEMICALS NEED TO BE STORED PROPERLY/ NOT OUTSIDE / APPROX 20-30 GAL
ANY COMBUSTIBLES AROUND FURNACE NEED TO BE REMOVED/ CLEARANCE OF T REQUIRED FROM HEATING SOURCES
NEED COPY OF BOILER CERTIFICATION/ TEST RECORD (MOST RECENT)
Inspector#1: FOSTER, JAMES P. Inspector #2:
CARMEL FIRE DEPARTMENT
Fire Prevention Bureau
2 CIVIC SQUARE
CARMEL, IN 46032
Phone: (317) 571-2600 Fax: (317) 571-2615
Date Of Notice: 03' 12/2003 Inspection Date: 03/07/2003 Inspection Number: 2000004350
WESTON CLEANERS
4000 W. 106TH ST.
SUITE 240
CARMEL, IN 46032-
Inspected By: FOSTER, JAMES P.
Notice of fire and / or safety violations:
You are hereby notified that a Fire Inspection of your premises has been made. The following Fire
Prevention Code Violations are listed on the attached page.
Order to comply:
The violation(s) could be a peril to the life and safety to the occcupants and/or property. You are
hereby notified to have the violation(s) eliminated within Thirty (30) days receipt of this notice.
Compliance:
Notify this office when violation(s) have been complied to so a reinspection can be made.
Right of appeal:
You have specific rights including:
(1) The right to file a written petition for review of violation(s) or order(s) issued within eighteen (18)
working days of the above date, to the State Fire Marshal, Department of Building Services, 402 West
Washington Street, Suite E241, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46204.
(2) The right to request an informal discussion of the violation(s) prior to filing a petition for review.
Failure to comply with order:
Failure to comply with this order by the time set may result in the following:
(1) Institution of a mandatory and injunctive relief in the enforcement of Indiana Code Chapter 22-14
(2) Revocation or denial of a permit to operate your business.
FOSTER, JAMES P.
SENIOR INSPECTOR
CARMEL FIRE DEPARTMENT
SAVE LIVES THROUGH FIRE PREVENTION
Date Of Notice:03/12/2003 Inspection Date: 03/07/2003 Inspection Number:2000004350
WESTON CLEANERS
4000 W. 106TH ST.
SUITE 240
CARMEL IN. 46032-
Violation(s)
1000 003 BOILER CERTIFICATE
Article 10 --- Division 1001.4 --- Page 31
A current certificate of inspection shall be posted in all boiler rooms.
10000 456 EXTENSION CORDS
Article 85 --- Division 8506.1 --- Page 247
Extension cords shall not be used as a substitute for permanent wiring.
15000 703 STORAGE BOILER/MECHANICAL ROOMS
Article 11 --- Division 1103/3/2/4 --- Page 42 Indiana Amendment
Combustible material shall not be stored in boiler rooms, mechanical rooms or electrical equipment room, if
such rooms are required to be separated from other parts of the building by fire resistive assemblies or
construction.
7000 327 UNOBSTRUCTED EXIT DISCHARGE
Article 12--- Division 1213.1--- Page 49
Areas designated for occupant discharge, dispersal or refuge shall be maintained unobstructed and clear of
storage.
7000 322 ILLUMINATE EIXT SIGN
Article 12--- Division 1212.4--- Page 49
Exit signs shall be intemally illuminated and the illumination shall have an intensity of not less than 5 foot
candles from either of two electric lamps.
16000 752 COMBUSTIBLE CLEARANCE
Article I1 --- Division 1107.1--- Page 44
Clearance from combustible material shall be maintained as set forth in the Indiana Building Code and the
Mechanical Code and the product listing.
8000 377 CONTAINERS OUTSIDE BUILDING
Article 79--- Division 7902.3.1 --- Page 175
Storage of flammable and combustible liquids in closed containers and portable tanks outside of buildings
shall be in accordance with Indiana Fire Code Article 79, Sections 7902.1 and 7902.3.
8000 387 STORAGE/DISPENSING HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Article 80--Division 8001.4.1--- page 202
Systems, equipment and processes utilized for storage, dispensing, use or handiling of hazardous materials
shall be in accordance with Indiana Fire Code Article 80, Section 8001.4.
SAVE LIVES THROUGH FIRE PREVENTION
Date Of Notice:03/12/2003 Inspection Date: 03/07/2003 Inspection Number:2000004350
WESTON CLEANERS
4000 W. 106TH ST.
SUITE 240
CARMEL IN. 46032-
Violation(s)
Unresloved Violation(s) From Previous Inspections
Inspection # Code Description
There are no unresolved violations
Inspector's Remarks:
EXIT LIGHT OUT/ REAR DOOR
OBSTRUCTIONS IN EXIT PATH/DISCHARGE/ REAR DOOR/ CLOTHING RACKS BLOCKING
EXIT
EXTENSION CORD USE THROUGHOUT IN SEVERAL AREAS. NEED TO BE HARD WIRED OR
SURGE PROTECTED DEVICE USED
FIRE EXTINGUSHER NEEDS HUNG/ SITTING ON FLOOR FRONT OFFICE AREA
STORAGE OF CHEMICALS NEED TO BE IN APPROVED AREA/CABINET- REMOVED FROM
BOILER ROOM
OUTSIDE CONTAINERS OF CHEMICALS NEED TO BE STORED PROPERLY/ NOT OUTSIDE /
APPROX 20-30 GAL
ANY COMBUSTIBLES AROUND FURNACE NEED TO BE REMOVED/ CLEARANCE OF 3'
REQUIRED FROM HEATING SOURCES
NEED COPY OF BOILER CERTIFICATION/ TEST RECORD (MOST RECENT)
NOTE: REQUEST INFORMATION ON HOW HAZARDOUS MATERIALS USED BY YOUR
BUSINESS IS DISPOSED OF. C/O NAME AND RECORDS OF DISPOSAL.
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Page 1 of 1
file://C:\Documents%20and%20Settings\akeeling\Local%20Settings\Temporary%20Intem... 3/12/2003
Department of Community Services
Property Activity Form
Full Address of Property:
4000106TH ST W STE 240
Date Filled :
Type Of Activity:
Record Number: 2003.0038
Property Owner : I WESTON CLEANERS Same As Owner n
Address of Activity 4000106TH ST W
Mailing Address:
Phone:
Comments
Name Of Filer: AMY MOOREHOUSE
Address:
Phone: 345-8992
Comments
Department of Origin: DOCS-CT
Letter 1 Sent
Letter 2 Sent
Letter 3 Sent:
Date Of Update : Comments :
r7/2003 Gary Hoyt passed information to
WIWI inspector to check the situation.
be sending an
AK spoke with Jim Foster who inspected the site on this date. Foster made some recommendations,
and will forward a copy of his report. AK
03/10/2003
Department of Community Services
Property Activity Form
Full Address of Property:
4000106TH ST W STE 240
Date Filled: 03/10/2003 Record Number: 2003.0038
Type Of Activity :
Property Owner : WESTON CLEANERS Same As Owner
Address of Activity 4000106TH ST W
Mailing Address:
Phone:
Comments :
Name Of Filer: AMY MOOREHOUSE
Address:
Phone: 345-8882
Comments:
Department of Origin : IDOCS-CT
Letter 1 Sent:
Letter 2 Sent
Letter 3 Sent
Date Of Update : Comments :
V2003 AK sent email to Gary Hoyt of the CFD. AK
03/07/2003
Department of Community Services
Property Activity Form
Full Address of Property :
4000106TH ST W STE 240
Date Filled: 03/10l2003
Type Of Activity : I Improper chemical handling
Record Number: 2�3•�38
Property Owner : I WESTON CLEANERS Same As Owner
Address of Activity 4000106TH ST W
Mailing Address:
Phone:
Comments:
Name Of Filer : AMY MOOREHOVSE
Address:
Phone: 345-8882
Comments:
Department of Origin: DOCS-CT
Letter 1 Sent
Letter 2 Sent
Letter 3 Sent:
Date Of Update : Comments:
Property Information
Parcel Number: 1713060000028000
Property Address: IINBNO,
HOUSE NO.
HOUSE BRACT.
4000
STREET:
106TH ST W
Cm:
DPCOUE:
ZIONSVILLE
46077
SUBDIVLSION:
LOT N: SUSDV SECT:
ZONING: LOCATION:
WATER SERVICE:
SEWER SERVICE:
B2 TWP
INDPLS
CLAYREG
SECTION: LAND DISTRICT:
SCHOOL DISTRICT:
PLAT NUMBER:
BLOCKt. MERIDIAN:
TAKING ENT.
USAGE CODE:
DISTRICT LOT: TOWNSHIP:
DEEDED ACRES:
Owner Information
NAME:
PPo.T.An .'.
-
ADOREW
CRY: STATE:
LP
Department of Community Services
PROPERTY INFORMATION AND ACTIVITY TRACKING
Building Permits
APPLICATION NO: APPLICATION DATE: REPIVPE:
1998.0006.a 7
1999 COMTEN
PERMRNO: PERIARS511fD: PEitMIi MANS:
1999.0006.8 01Po7l1999 Issued
6132.99
tanning, BZA & Complaints
PC DOCKET BZA DOCKET COMPIAINTS
-- - 2003.0038
BUIID[ BRA SUBDIV. ACTIVITY
UMBERS PLAN COMM. COMPWINTS
APPLICATION & PERMIT TRACKING
Descriotion Regr'd
Date Sent Appr'd Receive Other
Building Permit Payment
J
Water Payment -
Sewer Payment -
Truss Specs ❑
Survey Certificate ❑
- -
Engineering Certificate ❑
Zoning Approval ❑
- _ -
Development Permit ❑
Fire Department ❑
❑
Gas Inspector ❑
❑
Temporary Occupancy Approved:
Expires:
Occupancy Certificate Approved:
OctoDa1t Insp:
Perchloroethylene - White Paper
Page 1 of 7
JMA=
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
November 1999
Perchloroethylene
White Paper
Perchloroethylene, also known as tetrachloroethylene or perc, has been used safely in industry for over 50 years. It is an
effective, nonflammable solvent that does not contribute to the formation of smog (ground -level ozone) or to the depletion of
stratospheric ozone. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has approved the use of perchloroethylene as a
replacement for stratospheric ozone -depleting solvents. Perchloroethylene is one of nearly 200 substances listed as hazardous
air pollutants under the federal Clean Air Act. EPA has developed technology -based emissions standards for drycleaning,
degreasing, and other sources of the solvent.
Animal bioassays of perchloroethylene have shown an increased incidence of liver tumors in mice and marginal or equivocal
results in rats. The relevance of these results to huma-- h^« Pver. has been questioned because of research indicating that the
mechanism of liver tumor induction in mice doe; --Ma inloey studies show no
consistent link between exposure to perchloroethylet 1, pyyU' pr
It is nevertheless important that workplace activitie r "t11N fQ � � .h a way as to keep
exposure and environmental release as low as is GG!CtSS4rletP hq�.al� pj ; regulations, using
engineering controls and work practices, will ena ironmentally sound
manner. L-xXOVl PF-960Z
INTRODUCTION
Perchloroethylene is a member of a family of al
essentially nonflammable and has no measurable
Dow Chemical Company, PPG Industries, Inc., at
was estimated to be about 344 million pounds (1'
were imported. An additional 40 million pounds (
volatile liquid that is
manufactured by the
the chemical in 1998
s (13,600 metric tons)
Perchloroethylene is the primary solvent used ;ing introduced to the
drycleaning industry in the late 1930s, it has rcpt.� ,..... _. vely low toxicity and
nonflammability. Its other major uses are as a metal cleaning and degreasing solvent, as a au,v..,..... _.rtomotive aerosols, and
as a chemical intermediate in the production of several fluorinated compounds.
USES
For 1998, the use of perchloroethylene can be broken down into the following categories:
chemical intermediate
50%
drycleaning/textile processing
25%
automotive aerosols
10%
metal cleaning/degreasing
10%
http://www.hsia.org/white—papers/perc.htm 3/10/2003
Perchloroethylene - White Paper
Page 2 of 7
miscellaneous 5%
Chemical Intermediate
Perchloroethylene is used as a basic raw material in the manufacture of hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) 134a , a popular alternative
to chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) refrigerants. It also is used in the synthesis of hydrochlomfluorocarbon (HCFC) 123 and 124
and HFC 125.
Drycleaning
Perchloroethylene is used by more than 80 percent of commercial dry cleaners, as well as some industrial cleaning
establishments. It had replaced other synthetic solvents, such as carbon tetrachloride, by the late 1940's or early 1950's. A
gradual shift from petroleum derivatives to perchloroethylene began in the late 1940's. This shift in solvents increased in the
1950's and early 1960's. However, in the period before 1960, petroleum derivatives were still the dominant solvents.
In addition to its nonflammability and relatively low toxicity, the popularity of perchloroethylene in the dry cleaning industry
can be attributed to the following properties:
• safe to use on all common textiles, fibers, and dyes;
• effective at removing fats, oils, and greases;
• free of residual odor;
• chemically stable under all common use conditions;
• noncorrosive to the metals and other materials used in dry cleaning machinery;
• easily removed from clothes; and
• energy and costefficient (can be easily distilled and reused).
The textile industry uses perchloroethylene as a spotting agent for the removal of spinning oils and lubricants. It also is used
in wool scouring and as a solvent carrier in dyes and water repellents.
Automotive Aerosols
Perchlomethylene has replaced 1,1, I-trichloroethane in aerosol formulations for the automotive aftermarket, particularly for
brake cleaning. These formulations provide auto repair shops with highly effective, nonflammable products.
Metal Cleaning/Degreasing
Many industries, including aerospace, appliance, and automotive manufacturers, use perchloroethylene for vapor degreasing
metal parts during various production stages. its high boiling point and resultant longer cleaning cycle are advantageous in
removing "difficult" soils such as waxes with high melting points. The ability of the chemical to remove water during vapor
degreasing is useful to jewelry manufacturers and other metal finishers.
Perchloroethylene's nonflammability and low vapor pressure make it an effective cold (room temperature) metal cleaner,
when used in compliance with applicable regulatory requirements. Its low vapor pressure contributes to reduced emissions
from cold cleaning operations where it is employed.
Miscellaneous
Perchloroethylene is used as an insulating fluid in some electrical transformers as a substitute for polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs). Relatively small quantities of perchloroethylene are used in printing inks, aerosol specialty products, adhesive
formulations, paper coatings, and silicones. In addition, perchloroethylene is a component of chemical maskant formulations
used to protect surfaces from chemical etchants used in the aerospace and other industries.
HEALTH EFFECTS
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Perchloroethylene - White Paper
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General
Under certain conditions, overexposure to perchloroethylene may cause central nervous system (CNS) and liver effects.
Prolonged exposure to concentrations of 200 parts per million (ppm) or more has been associated with dizziness, confusion,
headache, nausea, and irritation of the eyes and mucous tissue. At higher exposures (>600 ppm) these symptoms are
intensified. Prolonged exposure to extremely high levels (>1,500 ppm) may lead to unconsciousness due to anesthesia and, in
extreme cases, death from respiratory depression.
Changes in the liver and kidney of laboratory animals have been observed following prolonged exposure to concentrations of
200 ppm or more. In humans, reversible effects in liver function have been noted in persons exposed to high levels of
perchloroethylene vapor for extended periods of time. No effects on the liver or kidney were seen in human volunteers
exposed to up to 150 ppm, 7.5 hours per day, 5 days per week for 11 weeks. For occupational exposures, there are reports of
mild alterations of liver or kidney function in a few studies, but other studies have found no detectable effect.
Genotoxicity
The ability of perchloroethylene and its major metabolites to cause mutations or other damage to genetic material has been
tested in a very large number of studies. These include bacterial systems, cell preparations (animal and human) and whole
animal (in vivo) tests. Overall, these tests are considered to show an absence of genotoxicity.
Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity
A number of studies have been conducted of the effects of perchloroethylene on mammalian fetal development. The results
of these studies in a variety of species indicate that perchloroethylene is not likely to be teratogenic. On the basis of the
available data, EPA has concluded that there is no evidence suggesting that the fetus is uniquely susceptible to the effects of
perchloroethylene.
Exposure of female Sprague-Dawley rats and Swiss -Webster mice to 300 ppm of perchloroethylene during gestation led to
mild fetotoxicity in the presence of maternal toxicity. However, studies in CD rats and rabbits with exposure of mothers
before and during pregnancy showed no maternal toxicity or fetotoxicity at 500 ppm. A further study in rats and rabbits
showed no teratogenic effect at dose levels of 100 and 500 ppm.
An inhalation study of Long -Evans hooded female rats exposed to 1,000 ppm of perchloroethylene prior to and during
gestation found a significant reduction in body weight and an increased incidence of variations in skeletal and soft tissue
development. However, weight gain and survival of offspring followed up to 18 months of age were not influenced by
exposure to perchloroethylene. Some changes in maternal body weight and liver and kidney weight were noted in these
studies.
HSIA sponsored a multigeneration reproduction study in rats, which was reported in 1995. The study involved the exposure
of groups of rats (Wistar-derived strain) to three dose levels of perchloroethylene prior to mating, through pregnancy,
followed by exposure of the offspring through a second mating cycle. Parents and offspring in each generation were
evaluated against control animals. Parental toxicity was apparent as reduced body -weight gain at the top dose level of 1,000
ppm and, to a lesser extent, at 300 ppm. The high dose also induced histopathological changes in the kidney. Offspring
growth and survival were reduced at 1,000 ppm, at least partially mediated through parental toxicity, and offspring growth
alone was marginally affected at 300 ppm. There were no effects on fertility at any dose level. The no -effect level for general
parental and offspring toxicity was 100 ppm and for reproductive effects was 300 ppm.
Studies of fertility rates among wives of dry cleaning workers exposed to perchloroethylene found a slight increase in fertility
in comparison with national averages and no increase in miscarriages. The fertility of female dry cleaning workers is also not
affected although one report suggests that time to become pregnant might be somewhat longer.
Recently, the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) of the United Kingdom sponsored a study of spontaneous abortion
(miscarriages) in a limited number of drycleaning workers. The study showed that, of the different types of workers, only
those operating the cleaning equipment experienced a higher rate of miscarriage than the general population. The UK
Department of Health concluded that the observed increase in miscarriages could not be attributed specifically to
perchloroethylene. Previous studies have found physical activity, such as the lifting of clothes associated with operating
drycleaning machinery, to he a risk factor for miscarriage.
http://www.hsia.org/white_papers/perc.htm 3/10/2003
Perchloroethylene - White Paper
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Neurotoxicity
The major symptoms of acute overexposure to perchloroethylene are central nervous system effects typical of anesthesia,
which generally disappear when the individual is removed from exposure. To test the potential for chronic (long-term)
neumtoxic effects, HSIA sponsored testing in rats exposed to the solvent for up to 90 days. The techniques used in this study
included sophisticated and sensitive neurophysiology plus extensive histopathology of the nervous system. The results
showed no significant neurotoxicity after exposure to concentrations of up to 800 ppm, and established a no -observed -effect
level of 200 ppm. While the HSIA study provides the most complete assessment of neurotoxicity, other studies have reported
minor neurobehavioral effects in humans exposed to perchloroethylene. These studies are difficult to interpret, however,
since the effects are small and the methodologies used have raised questions.
Carcinogenicity
Laboratory Animal Studies
Five studies of the carcinogenic potential of perchloroethylene in laboratory animals have been conducted. Three of the
studies showed a significant increase in liver tumors in mice.
A study reported by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in 1977 exposed (by gavage) Osborne -Mendel rats and B6C3F1
mice to up to 949 milligrams of perchloroethylene per kilogram (mglkg) body weight and up to 1072 mg/kg body weight,
respectively, each day, 5 days a week, for 78 weeks. The study showed a significant increase in liver tumors in both sexes of
mice. Low survival in the rats tested, believed to result from exposure to doses higher than the maximum tolerated dose,
compromised the study's ability to detect a carcinogenic effect in this species. Because of several significant limitations in its
design and conduct, the results of this study should be interpreted with caution.
The Dow Chemical Company conducted an inhalation study of the carcinogenic effect of perchloroethylene on Sprague-
Dawley rats. The Dow study exposed male and female rats to 0, 300, and 600 ppm of the chemical for 6 hours per day, 5
days per week, for 52 weeks (and observed them for another 52 weeks), and showed no significant differences between the
exposed and control animals.
In 1986 the National Toxicology Program (NTP) reported the results of a 2-year inhalation study that found a significant
increase in liver tumors in male and female B6C3F1 mice. The study exposed the mice and Fischer 344 rats to
perchloroethylene concentrations of 0, 100, and 200 ppm and 0, 200, and 400 ppm, respectively, for 6 hours per day, 5 days a
week, for the length of the study. NTP also reported an increased incidence in mononuclear cell leukemia in male and female
rats and a marginal increase in kidney tumors in male rats. NTP concluded that these data demonstrated "clear evidence" of
carcinogenicity in mice and male rats and "some evidence" of carcinogenicity in female rats.
In Japanese studies similar to the NTP bioassays, Fischer 344 rats were exposed to dose levels of 0 to 600 ppm, and
Crj:BDF1 mice were exposed to doses of 0 to 250 ppm, for two years. The results were similar to those in the NTP bioassays
except that no increase in kidney tumors was observed in the rat study.
Science Advisory Board Review of the NTP Study
After reviewing the results of the NTP study, the EPA Science Advisory Board concluded in 1987 that the study does not
provide a basis for associating either the leukemias or the kidney tumors observed in the rats with exposure to
perchloroethylene. The Board's conclusion was based on the high spontaneous background rate of leukemia in concurrent and
historical controls in this particular rat strain and the low incidence of rat kidney tumors in the NTP study. In addition, the
Board stated that the mechanism responsible for the marginal increase in kidney tumors appears to be unique to male rats and
is probably not operative in humans. The Board also indicated that the increase in the mouse liver tumors may have been due
to the operation of a mechanism such as peroxisome proliferation.
Significance of Mouse Liver Data
Following the observation that perchloroethylene produces liver tumors in mice, but not in rats, studies were initiated to
investigate the reasons for this species difference and to determine the significance of the mouse data to humans. This
research indicates that perchloroethylene is not the proximal carcinogen in the mouse bioassays, but that a metabolite of
perchloroethylene, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), is the likely cause of the mouse liver tumor response. Tumor induction in
http://www.hsia.org/white_papers/perc.htm 3/10/2003
Perchloroethylene - White Paper Page 5 of 7
rodent liver cells has been associated with TCA and the TCA-induced proliferation of enzyme -containing organelles (called
peroxisomes) in the cells. Production of TCA occurs at a much higher rate in mice than in rats or humans. Moreover, in vitro
(test tube) exposure of human liver cells to TCA did not result in peroxisome proliferation. This research explains why liver
tumors were seen in mice, but not rats, and suggests that such a response is unlikely in humans.
Epidemiology
Several epidemiology studies have investigated cancer mortality among dry cleaning workers. For the most part, the workers
studied were exposed to a variety of cleaning agents, including petroleum solvents. The tumor types observed in
experimental animals did not occur with increased frequency among the drycleaning workers studied. Rates were
approximately doubled for bladder and esophageal cancers, but were not clearly increased for other sites. With regard to
bladder cancer, the limited data available suggest that the observed increased risk may be associated with exposure to dry
cleaning solvents other than perchloroethylene.
Two epidemiology studies have been reported of small cohorts of individuals exposed predominantly to perchloroethylene. In
one of these studies, overall cancer incidence was decreased in the exposed individuals, and there were no significant excess
cancers at any site. The second study, conducted by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and
last updated in 1994, found that dry cleaning workers employed in shops where perchloroethylene was the primary or only
solvent used exhibited no excess cancers except for an increase in cancer of the esophagus observed in female subjects. This
finding contrasts with the findings in the larger cohort of drycleaning workers exposed to mixed solvents, in which the
increase in esophageal cancer occurred in a male (African -American) subgroup, and in a recent study of aerospace workers
exposed to perchloroethylene that found no significant increase in esophageal cancer.
Interpretation of the NIOSH results is unclear, as no animal study has identified an elevated incidence of esophageal tumors
and there is no plausible mechanism to explain it. Moreover, some of the highest exposed worker groups in the cohort studies
did not show an increased risk of esophageal cancer. Most significantly, the potential for confounding factors is great for
esophageal cancer, given the strong association between the disease and the combination of cigarette smoking and alcohol
consumption.
The available epidemiology studies show no consistent link between perchloroethylene exposure and cancer. Questions about
esophageal cancer can only he answered with further studies. Fortunately, both of the perchloroethylene-only cohort studies
are expected to be updated in the near future.
Carcinogenicity Classification
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) recently classified perchloroethylene in Group 2A, as a substance
considered "probably carcinogenic to humans." IARC, following its own restrictive classification scheme, concluded that the
combination of the results of some of the epidemiology studies provided "limited" evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. In
addition, NTP listed perchloroethylene as "reasonably anticipated" to be a carcinogen based on a finding of "sufficient"
evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
(ACGIH), however, classifies perchloroethylene in its Category A3 ("animal carcinogen"):
The agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at a relatively high dose, by route(s) of
administration, at site(s), of histologic types(s), or by mechanism(s) that are not considered
relevant to worker exposure. Available epidemiological studies do not confirm an increased
risk of cancer in exposed humans. Available evidence suggests that the agent is not likely to
cause cancer in humans except under uncommon or unlikely routes or levels of exposure.
EPA's Science Advisory Board has stated that the weight of the evidence for perchloroethylene does not support its
classification as a probable human carcinogen (Category 132) under EPA's 1986 Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment.
The Board concluded that "[tlhe available scientific information does not suggest to us the same regulatory responses that
would be appropriate for a chemical whose bioassay responses were clearly relevant to human cancer." Perchloroethylene
currently is considered by EPA to be on a "continuum" between Categories B2 and C, and is expected to be reassessed under
revised Guidelines proposed by the Agency in 1996. The Guidelines are being revised in part to provide for greater use of
mechanistic data in assessing substances like perchloroethylene.
REGULATION
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Perchloroethylene - White Paper
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Environmental Exposure
The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 significantly revised the provisions of Section 112 relating to the regulation of
emissions of hazardous air pollutants. Under the new law, EPA is required to develop national emission standards based on
maximum achievable control technology, or MACT, for major sources (> 10 tons of emissions per year) of perchloroethylene
and 188 other substances within 10 years. Emissions of sources emitting less than 10 tons/year also may be regulated, but can
be subject to a lesser degree of control. The revised Section 112 also requires EPA generally to review the need for additional
control of regulated sources within 8 years of the implementation of a MACT standard.
An emission standard for the use of perchloroethylene in drycleaning, published in September 1993, was the first standard
adopted under the revised Section 112. A standard for organic solvent cleaning (degreasing) with perchloroethylene and the
other chlorinated solvents was adopted in December 1994. As a result, all degreasing sources using perchloroethylene will be
required to obtain an operating permit from the state regulatory agency. In many states, permitting for small degreasing
sources has been deferred.
Perchloroethylene does not contribute to stratospheric ozone depletion. EPA has determined, consequently, that
perchloroethylene is an acceptable alternative in many applications for ozone depleting solvents whose production has been
phased out by the federal Clean Air Act. Because perchloroethylene does not contribute appreciably to smog formation, EPA
exempted the solvent from the federal definition of a reactive volatile organic compound (VOC) in 1996. At that time, the
Agency indicated that it would no longer provide credit for reductions of perchloroethylene emissions in state control
strategies for achieving the national ambient air quality standard for ground -level ozone. Perchloroethylene has now been
exempted by most states that have VOC regulations, in accordance with federal guidelines.
In 1991, EPA established national primary drinking water regulations setting a maximum contaminant level, or MCL, of 5
micrograms per liter for perchloroethylene (equal to 5 parts per billion, or ppb), and a maximum contaminant level goal
(MCLG) of zero. EPA has indicated that "[t]he establishment of an MCLG at zero does not imply that actual harm
necessarily occurs to humans at a level somewhat above zero, but rather that zero is an aspirational goal, which includes a
margin of safety, within the context of the Safe Drinking Water Act." Various states also may have drinking water
regulations that apply to perchloroethylene.
For several industry categories EPA has established effluent limitation guidelines, which may contain limitations for
perchloroethylene. EPA also has published criteria for perchloroethylene for use by states in developing water quality
standards. Perchloroethylene waste is considered hazardous under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and
many state laws. Such waste must be stored, transported, and disposed of in accordance with applicable RCRA and state
requirements.
The reportable quantity (RQ) for releases of perchloroethylene under the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA, or Superfund) is 100 pounds. Releases in excess of this amount must be
reported to the National Response Center, the local emergency planning commission, and the state emergency response
commission. Some states have lower thresholds that trigger their notification requirements.
Perchloroethylene is one of several hundred chemicals subject to material safety data sheet (MSDS), inventory, and release
reporting under the Emergency Planning and Community Right -to -Know Act (Title III of the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act of 1986).
Occupational Exposure
The current permissible exposure limits (PELs) for percbloroethylene are 100 ppm as an 8-hour time weighted average
(TWA), 200 ppm as a ceiling limit, and 300 ppm as a peak limit. In 1989, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) lowered the PEL for perchloroethylene from 100 ppm to 25 ppm for an 8-hour TWA, as part of an overall PEL
update. This action was overturned by a federal court in 1993, however, and the PELs for perchloroethylene reverted to the
former limits. OSHA has urged employers not to roll back measures they may have taken to comply with the lower limits that
were overturned, and several states that adopted the lower 1989 limit have not adopted the higher limit. OSHA has recently
indicated its intent to establish a workplace standard for perchloroethylene.
ACGIH currently recommends threshold limit values (TLVs) of 25 ppm for an 8-hour TWA and 100 ppm for a 15-minute
short-term exposure limit, or STEL.
http://www.hsia.org/white_papers/perc.htm 3/10/2003
Perchloroethylene - White Paper
Page 7 of 7
Regulatory (Federal) and Other Information for Perchloroethylene
Chemical Formula
C204
Molecular Weight
165.9
CAS Number
127184
Boiling Point
250 OF
Weight per Gallon (@60 OF)
13.6 pounds
Flash Point
none
Flammable Limits
none
Solubility
perc in water
150 ppm
water in pere
105 ppm
OSHA PEL
8hr TWA
100 ppm
Ceiling
200 ppm
Peak
300 ppm
ACGIH TLV
8hr TWA
25 ppm
15min STEL
100 ppm
Cancer Classification
ACGIH
A3 ("animal carcinogen')
IARC
2A ("probably carcinogenic to
humans")
NTP
"reasonably anticipated to be a human
carcinogen'
CERCLA Reportable Quantity
(RQ) 100 pounds
Maximum Contaminant Level
(MCL) 5 micrograms/liter (5 ppb)
RCRA Hazardous Waste No,
U 210
DOT Hazard Classification
6.1 (packing group III)
DOT ID No.
UN 1897
Information in this paper is believed to be correct as of the date of publication, but HSIA cannot guarantee its completeness or accuracy. There is ongoing research
and regulatory activity regarding this chemical, and new information may become available after the date of publication. In publishing this paper HSIA does not
assume or undertake any duty imposed on any other party by law or regulation. It is the user's responsibility in determine the suitability for Oa use of the substance in
this paper, and HSIA assumes no responsibility arising out of such use.
Halogenated Solvents Industry Alliance, Inc.
2001 L Street, N.W.
Suite 506
Washington, D.C. 20036
202 7750232 0 888-594-4742 0 202-833-0381(fax)
http://www.hsia.org/white_papers/perc.htm 3/10/2003
Applications:
City of Carmel\Clay Township
Permit No:
1999.0006.B
1999.0006.E
Date:
Ol /07/1999
Application for Improvement Location Permit Roil File:
1713060000028000
BUILDER
NAME
PHONE
FAX
STRAPULOS, CHRIS
p� .1..
CITY/STAR/AP
2262 GOLDEN OAKS N
INDPLS, IN 46260
TENANT NAME
CHRIS STRAPULOS WESTON CLEANER
III applicable)
..............................
OWNER
NAME
PHONE
FAX
CHRIS STRAPULOS
( ) -
( ) -
SIAEn
CITY
STAR ZIP
4000106TH ST W
CARMEL
IN 46077
LOCATION
EOT SUBDIVISION
WARR Sewn
ZONING SECT aly/TWP
INDPLS CLAYREG
8-2 TINT,
Avian _Of..CONSTRUCTION ..._.........__......._...... _
rim.........................arv_......... _._....
......... .........
ar
4000 106TH Sr W STE 240
240 ZIONSVILLE
46077
TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION
COM
❑ Single Family
Do plans Include a
❑ Two Family
porch? Y / N
❑ Multi -Family
Type of Foundation
SLAB
aCommercial / Industrial
Crawlspace
❑ Farm
❑ OTHER
Q Basement
............................ ........""""........
(mEavn
�X Slab
Plumbing Contractor
Fin JNC
Plumbing Licence #
9500020
coda Book
MCA
ESTIMATED COST OF CONSTRUCTION
(Excluding Land Value)
$ 220,000.00
Lot Split
Sump Pump
Construction Notes
PER CFD 7119/99
TYPE OF IMPROVEMENT COMTEN
New Structure
Addition - Porch
Addition - Room(s) How Many?
❑ Remodel
❑ Foundation Only
❑ Demolition
❑ Accessory Building
❑ Garage - Detached
❑ Garage - Attached
2 Commercial Tenant Space
Report Type:
3D 11 1
Tenant Space
Y/N N Flood Zones Y/N N
Y/ N N Manufactured Y/ INN
Trusses
240 FULL STATE REL # 260059
..: xxvwereiarx.^: ahs.es rbxE an;" rk;Wru,, V.ov: rrtvmkuc?Srn, cniam.'JomE. rn:aaatb u. ^r sff^rxt4nr e7's:rf:r..arc, <N eac dump in UU, Use of taud ar s<xr.:^aur.: rtnn<szr13 n.:fxi'.
r-...,<,: t:._._s..3r..ssP,rx:wxT£xptui:ofde )awy o£fhr Sis•=-afhxd7tax,an. 4`r "icssx:x:)c,EirresxrnPUx$ ud}:m 9'--(t 3and:ua:vwF:,crts v. t..:,;:;,
xr s3 9 ^•. a etr r} -} [^i 3 f ti7x'. , :: it"(>0.+ar etf kitrhra •xvdx fa :afri -r 3 n de
-:es}sst.M,y Eftu. au zx.asul.:a.x, Mats>t hnuad at .rntpan ::nE.f eaPE!r.ute.ii)s;a,(rrn�-„aY Pa'mt is unu a, .At.reya. taznsM rnauriy
Extended Building Description
WESTON CLEANERS 0 WESTON SHOPPES
Signature of Owner or Authorized Agent
(Print)
Sewer Capacity Allotted
Plan Commission / BZA Docket #:
(Phone Number)
JK
_.............__.............................._...........__._...._..._.. _..._......______._..
Raviawa(flApprovod: Dept. of Community Services
mequired
Site Inspections
NPE
AQ, PO
TYVF
REQ. FOF
Footing
Final Structure
B
Underslab
Final Site
Meter Base
U
C/O
Rough -In
=
Bonding / Grounding
Permit Fee: S 252.00 1,8 00.00 Sq.Ft.
Inspection Fees: 50.00 (SQUARE FOOTAGE)
Certificate of Occupancy: S 15.00
PRIF: $0.00
TOTAL', S 252.00
Fee Received By:
AC
Keeling, Adrienne M
From: Tingley, Connie S
Sent: Monday, March 10, 2003 10:50 AM
To: Keeling, Adrienne M
Cc: Hohlt, William G; Blanchard, Jim E; Kendall, Jeff A; Hollibaugh, Mike P
Subject: RE: New Record Numbers
2003.0037 761 N Range Line
2003.0038 4000 W 106th St
----Original Message -----
From: Keeling, Adrienne M
Sent; Monday, March 10, 2003 8:37 AM
To: Tingley, Connie 5
Subject: New Record Numbers
Sgt. Bruce Graham reports a refrigerator with door still attached at 761 N. Range Line Road.
Amy Moorehouse, 345-8882, reports improper chemical handling at Weston Cleaners, 4000 West 106th Street
(please attach to parcel with permit #1999.0006.1b).
Thanks,
Adrienne