HomeMy WebLinkAbout06100.pdf BICKFORD OF CARMEL, IN 12/12/2012
ROUGH CARPENTRY 06100 - 1
SECTION 06100 - ROUGH CARPENTRY
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS
A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary
Conditions and Division 1 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.
1.2 SUMMARY
A. This Section includes the following:
1. Framing with dimension lumber.
2. Framing with timber.
3. Framing with engineered wood products.
4. Wood blocking, cants, and nailers.
5. Wood furring and grounds.
6. Plywood backing panels.
B. Related Sections include the following:
1. Division 2 Section "Termite Control" for site application of borate treatment to wood
framing.
2. Division 6 Section "Sheathing."
3. Division 6 Section "Metal-Plate-Connected Wood Trusses."
1.3 DEFINITIONS
A. Exposed Framing: Framing not concealed by other construction.
B. Dimension Lumber: Lumber of 2 inches nominal (38 mm actual) or greater but less than 5
inches nominal (114 mm actual) in least dimension.
C. Timber: Lumber of 5 inches nominal (114 mm actual) or greater in least dimension.
D. Lumber grading agencies, and the abbreviations used to reference them, include the following:
1. NeLMA: Northeastern Lumber Manufacturers' Association.
2. NLGA: National Lumber Grades Authority.
3. RIS: Redwood Inspection Service.
4. SPIB: The Southern Pine Inspection Bureau.
5. WCLIB: West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau.
6. WWPA: Western Wood Products Association.
1.4 SUBMITTALS
A. Product Data: For each type of process and factory-fabricated product. Indicate component
materials and dimensions and include construction and application details.
BICKFORD OF CARMEL, IN 12/12/2012
ROUGH CARPENTRY 06100 - 2
1. Include data for wood-preservative treatment from chemical treatment manufacturer and
certification by treating plant that treated materials comply with requirements. Indicate
type of preservative used and net amount of preservative retained.
2. Include data for fire-retardant treatment from chemical treatment manufacturer and
certification by treating plant that treated materials comply with requirements. Include
physical properties of treated materials based on testing by a qualified independent
testing agency.
3. For fire-retardant treatments specified to be High-Temperature (HT) type, include
physical properties of treated lumber both before and after exposure to elevated
temperatures, based on testing by a qualified independent testing agency according to
ASTM D 5664.
4. For products receiving a waterborne treatment, include statement that moisture content
of treated materials was reduced to levels specified before shipment to Project site.
5. Include copies of warranties from chemical treatment manufacturers for each type of
treatment.
B. Fastener Patterns: Full-size templates for fasteners in exposed framing.
C. Material Certificates: For dimension lumber specified to comply with minimum allowable unit
stresses. Indicate species and grade selected for each use and design values approved by the
ALSC Board of Review.
D. Research/Evaluation Reports: For the following, showing compliance with building code in
effect for Project:
1. Wood-preservative-treated wood.
2. Fire-retardant-treated wood.
3. Engineered wood products.
4. Power-driven fasteners.
5. Powder-actuated fasteners.
6. Expansion anchors.
7. Metal framing anchors.
1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Source Limitations for Engineered Wood Products: Obtain each type of engineered wood
product through one source from a single manufacturer.
1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
A. Stack lumber flat with spacers between each bundle to provide air circulation. Provide for air
circulation around stacks and under coverings.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.1 WOOD PRODUCTS, GENERAL
A. Lumber: DOC PS 20 and applicable rules of grading agencies indicated. If no grading agency
is indicated, provide lumber that complies with the applicable rules of any rules-writing agency
certified by the ALSC Board of Review. Provide lumber graded by an agency certified by the
ALSC Board of Review to inspect and grade lumber under the rules indicated.
BICKFORD OF CARMEL, IN 12/12/2012
ROUGH CARPENTRY 06100 - 3
1. Factory mark each piece of lumber with grade stamp of grading agency.
2. For exposed lumber indicated to receive a stained or natural finish, mark grade stamp on
end or back of each piece or omit grade stamp and provide certificates of grade
compliance issued by grading agency.
3. Where nominal sizes are indicated, provide actual sizes required by DOC PS 20 for
moisture content specified. Where actual sizes are indicated, they are minimum dressed
sizes for dry lumber.
4. Provide dressed lumber, S4S, unless otherwise indicated.
B. Engineered Wood Products: Provide engineered wood products acceptable to authorities
having jurisdiction and for which current model code research or evaluation reports exist that
show compliance with building code in effect for Project.
1. Allowable Design Stresses: Provide engineered wood products with allowable design
stresses, as published by manufacturer, that meet or exceed those indicated.
Manufacturer's published values shall be determined from empirical data or by rational
engineering analysis and demonstrated by comprehensive testing performed by a
qualified independent testing agency.
2.2 WOOD-PRESERVATIVE-TREATED LUMBER
A. Preservative Treatment by Pressure Process: AWPA C2, except that lumber that is not in
contact with the ground and is continuously protected from liquid water may be treated
according to AWPA C31 with inorganic boron (SBX).
1. Preservative Chemicals: Acceptable to authorities having jurisdiction and containing no
arsenic or chromium.
2. For exposed items indicated to receive a stained or natural finish, use chemical
formulations that do not require incising, contain colorants, bleed through, or otherwise
adversely affect finishes.
B. Kiln-dry lumber after treatment to a maximum moisture content of 19 percent. Do not use
material that is warped or does not comply with requirements for untreated material.
C. Mark lumber with treatment quality mark of an inspection agency approved by the ALSC Board
of Review.
1. For exposed lumber indicated to receive a stained or natural finish, mark end or back of
each piece or omit marking and provide certificates of treatment compliance issued by
inspection agency.
D. Application: Treat items indicated on Drawings, and the following:
1. Wood cants, nailers, curbs, equipment support bases, blocking, stripping, and similar
members in connection with roofing, flashing, vapor barriers, and waterproofing.
2. Wood sills, sleepers, blocking, furring, stripping, and similar concealed members in
contact with masonry or concrete.
3. Wood framing and furring attached directly to the interior of below-grade exterior masonry
or concrete walls.
4. Wood framing members that are less than 18 inches (460 mm) above the ground in
crawlspaces or unexcavated areas.
5. Wood floor plates that are installed over concrete slabs-on-grade.
BICKFORD OF CARMEL, IN 12/12/2012
ROUGH CARPENTRY 06100 - 4
2.3 FIRE-RETARDANT-TREATED MATERIALS
A. General: Comply with performance requirements in AWPA C20 (lumber) and AWPA C27
(plywood).
1. Use Exterior type for exterior locations and where indicated.
2. Use Interior Type A, High Temperature (HT) for enclosed roof framing, framing in attic
spaces, and where indicated.
3. Use Interior Type A, unless otherwise indicated.
B. Identify fire-retardant-treated wood with appropriate classification marking of testing and
inspecting agency acceptable to authorities having jurisdiction.
1. For exposed lumber indicated to receive a stained or natural finish, mark end or back of
each piece or omit marking and provide certificates of treatment compliance issued by
inspection agency.
C. For exposed items indicated to receive a stained or natural finish, use chemical formulations
that do not bleed through, contain colorants, or otherwise adversely affect finishes.
D. Application: Treat items indicated on Drawings, and the following:
1. Framing for raised platforms.
2. Concealed blocking.
3. Framing for non-load-bearing partitions.
4. Framing for non-load-bearing exterior walls.
5. Roof construction.
6. Plywood backing panels.
2.4 DIMENSION LUMBER FRAMING
A. Maximum Moisture Content: 19 percent.
B. Non-Load-Bearing Interior Partitions: Stud or No. 2 grade and any of the following species:
1. Hem-fir (north); NLGA.
2. Mixed southern pine; SPIB.
3. Spruce-pine-fir; NLGA.
4. Hem-fir; WCLIB, or WWPA.
5. Spruce-pine-fir (south); NeLMA, WCLIB, or WWPA.
6. Northern species; NLGA.
7. Eastern softwoods; NeLMA.
8. Western woods; WCLIB or WWPA.
C. Exterior and Load-Bearing Walls: Stud, or No. 1 grade and any of the following species:
1. Southern pine; SPIB.
2. Douglas fir-larch; WCLIB or WWPA.
3. Mixed southern pine; SPIB.
4. Douglas fir-south; WWPA.
5. Douglas fir-larch (north); NLGA.
D. Exterior and Load-Bearing Walls: Any species and grade with a modulus of elasticity of at least
1,500,000 psi (10 350 MPa) and an extreme fiber stress in bending of at least 1050 psi for 2-
BICKFORD OF CARMEL, IN 12/12/2012
ROUGH CARPENTRY 06100 - 5
inch nominal (38-mm actual) thickness and 12-inch nominal (286-mm actual) width for single-
member use.
E. Ceiling Joists (Non-Load-Bearing): Construction or No. 2 grade and any of the following
species:
1. Hem-fir (north); NLGA.
2. Southern pine; SPIB.
3. Douglas fir-larch; WCLIB or WWPA.
4. Douglas fir-larch (north); NLGA.
5. Mixed southern pine; SPIB.
6. Spruce-pine-fir; NLGA.
7. Hem-fir; WCLIB or WWPA.
8. Douglas fir-south; WWPA.
9. Spruce-pine-fir (south); NeLMA, WCLIB, or WWPA.
10. Northern species; NLGA.
11. Eastern softwoods; NeLMA.
12. Western woods; WCLIB or WWPA.
F. Joists, Rafters, and Other Framing Not Listed Above: No. 1 grade and any of the following
species:
1. Southern pine; SPIB.
2. Douglas fir-larch; WCLIB or WWPA.
3. Mixed southern pine; SPIB.
4. Douglas fir-south; WWPA.
5. Douglas fir-larch (north); NLGA.
G. Joists, Rafters, and Other Framing Not Listed Above: Any species and grade with a modulus of
elasticity of at least 1,500,000 psi (10 350 MPa) and an extreme fiber stress in bending of at
least 1050 psi for 2-inch nominal (38-mm actual) thickness and 12-inch nominal (286-mm
actual) width for single-member use.
H. Exposed Framing Indicated to Receive a Stained or Natural Finish: Provide material hand-
selected for uniformity of appearance and freedom from characteristics, on exposed surfaces
and edges, that would impair finish appearance, including decay, honeycomb, knot-holes,
shake, splits, torn grain, and wane.
1. Species and Grade: As indicated above for load-bearing construction of same type.
2. Species and Grade: Southern pine, Select Structural No. 1 No. 2 grade; SPIB.
3. Species and Grade: Douglas fir-larch; Select Structural No. 1 grade; WCLIB, or WWPA.
4. Species and Grade: Mixed southern pine, Select Structural No. 1 No. 2 grade; SPIB.
5. Species and Grade: Spruce-pine-fir, Select Structural No. 1 grade; NLGA.
2.5 TIMBER FRAMING
A. Provide timber framing complying with the following requirements, according to grading rules of
grading agency indicated:
1. Species and Grade: Douglas fir-larch, Douglas fir-larch (north), or Douglas fir-south;
No. 1 grade; NLGA, WCLIB, or WWPA.
2. Species and Grade: Southern pine, No. 1 grade; SPIB.
3. Maximum Moisture Content: 20 percent.
4. Additional Restriction: Free of heart centers.
BICKFORD OF CARMEL, IN 12/12/2012
ROUGH CARPENTRY 06100 - 6
2.6 ENGINEERED WOOD PRODUCTS
A. Laminated-Veneer Lumber: Structural composite lumber made from wood veneers with grain
primarily parallel to member lengths, evaluated and monitored according to ASTM D 5456 and
manufactured with an exterior-type adhesive complying with ASTM D 2559 and containing no
urea formaldehyde.
1. Available Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, manufacturers
offering products that may be incorporated into the Work include, but are not limited to,
the following:
2. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide products by one of the
following:
a. Boise Cascade Corporation.
b. Finnforest USA.
c. Georgia-Pacific.
d. Louisiana-Pacific Corporation.
e. Pacific Woodtech Corporation.
f. Roseburg Forest Products Co.
g. Weldwood of Canada Limited; Subsidiary of International Paper Corporation.
h. Weyerhaeuser Company.
3. Extreme Fiber Stress in Bending, Edgewise: 2900 psi (20.0 MPa) for 12-inch nominal-
(286-mm actual-) depth members.
4. Modulus of Elasticity, Edgewise: 2,000,000 psi (13 700 MPa).
B. Parallel-Strand Lumber: Structural composite lumber made from wood strand elements with
grain primarily parallel to member lengths, evaluated and monitored according to ASTM D 5456
and manufactured with an exterior-type adhesive complying with ASTM D 2559 and containing
no urea formaldehyde.
1. Available Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, manufacturers
offering products that may be incorporated into the Work include, but are not limited to,
the following:
2. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide products by one of the
following:
a. Weyerhaeuser Company.
3. Extreme Fiber Stress in Bending, Edgewise: 2900 psi (20 MPa) for 12-inch nominal-
(286-mm actual-) depth members.
4. Modulus of Elasticity, Edgewise: 2,200,000 psi (15 100 MPa).
2.7 MISCELLANEOUS LUMBER
A. General: Provide miscellaneous lumber indicated and lumber for support or attachment of other
construction, including the following:
1. Blocking.
2. Nailers.
3. Rooftop equipment bases and support curbs.
4. Cants.
5. Furring.
6. Grounds.
BICKFORD OF CARMEL, IN 12/12/2012
ROUGH CARPENTRY 06100 - 7
7. Utility shelving.
B. For items of dimension lumber size, provide Construction or No. 2 grade lumber with 19 percent
maximum moisture content and any of the following species:
1. Hem-fir (north); NLGA.
2. Mixed southern pine; SPIB.
3. Spruce-pine-fir; NLGA.
4. Hem-fir; WCLIB, or WWPA.
5. Spruce-pine-fir (south); NeLMA, WCLIB, or WWPA.
6. Western woods; WCLIB or WWPA.
7. Northern species; NLGA.
8. Eastern softwoods; NeLMA.
C. For exposed boards, provide lumber with 19 percent maximum moisture content and any of the
following species and grades:
1. Mixed southern pine, No. 2 grade; SPIB.
2. Spruce-pine-fir (south) or spruce-pine-fir, Construction or No. 2 Common grade; NeLMA,
NLGA, WCLIB, or WWPA.
D. For concealed boards, provide lumber with 19 percent maximum moisture content and any
of the following species and grades:
1. Mixed southern pine, No. 2 grade; SPIB.
2. Spruce-pine-fir (south) or spruce-pine-fir, Construction or 2 Common grade; NeLMA,
NLGA, WCLIB, or WWPA.
E. For blocking not used for attachment of other construction, Utility, Stud, or No. 3 grade lumber
of any species may be used provided that it is cut and selected to eliminate defects that will
interfere with its attachment and purpose.
F. For blocking and nailers used for attachment of other construction, select and cut lumber to
eliminate knots and other defects that will interfere with attachment of other work.
G. For furring strips for installing plywood or hardboard paneling, select boards with no knots
capable of producing bent-over nails and damage to paneling.
2.8 PLYWOOD BACKING PANELS
A. Telephone and Electrical Equipment Backing Panels: DOC PS 1, Exterior, in thickness
indicated or, if not indicated, not less than 3/4-inch (19-mm) nominal thickness.
2.9 FASTENERS
A. General: Provide fasteners of size and type indicated that comply with requirements specified
in this Article for material and manufacture.
1. Where rough carpentry is exposed to weather, in ground contact, pressure-preservative
treated, or in area of high relative humidity, provide fasteners with hot-dip zinc coating
complying with ASTM A 153/A 153M.
B. Nails, Brads, and Staples: ASTM F 1667.
BICKFORD OF CARMEL, IN 12/12/2012
ROUGH CARPENTRY 06100 - 8
C. Power-Driven Fasteners: NES NER-272.
D. Wood Screws: ASME B18.6.1.
E. Lag Bolts: ASME B18.2.1 (ASME B18.2.3.8M).
F. Bolts: Steel bolts complying with ASTM A 307, Grade A (ASTM F 568M, Property Class 4.6);
with ASTM A 563 (ASTM A 563M) hex nuts and, where indicated, flat washers.
G. Expansion Anchors: Anchor bolt and sleeve assembly of material indicated below with
capability to sustain, without failure, a load equal to 6 times the load imposed when installed in
unit masonry assemblies and equal to 4 times the load imposed when installed in concrete as
determined by testing per ASTM E 488 conducted by a qualified independent testing and
inspecting agency.
1. Material: Carbon-steel components, zinc plated to comply with ASTM B 633,
Class Fe/Zn 5.
2.10 METAL FRAMING ANCHORS
A. Available Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, manufacturers offering
products that may be incorporated into the Work include, but are not limited to, the following:
B. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide products by one of the
following:
C. Basis-of-Design Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide products indicated
on Drawings or comparable products by one of the following:
1. Alpine Engineered Products, Inc.
2. Cleveland Steel Specialty Co.
3. Harlen Metal Products, Inc.
4. KC Metals Products, Inc.
5. Simpson Strong-Tie Co., Inc.
6. Southeastern Metals Manufacturing Co., Inc.
7. USP Structural Connectors.
D. Allowable Design Loads: Provide products with allowable design loads, as published by
manufacturer, that meet or exceed those indicated. Manufacturer's published values shall be
determined from empirical data or by rational engineering analysis and demonstrated by
comprehensive testing performed by a qualified independent testing agency.
E. Galvanized Steel Sheet: Hot-dip, zinc-coated steel sheet complying with ASTM A 653/A 653M,
G60 (Z180) coating designation.
1. Use for interior locations where stainless steel is not indicated.
F. Joist Hangers: U-shaped joist hangers with 2-inch- (50-mm-) long seat and 1-1/4-inch- (32-mm-
) wide nailing flanges at least 85 percent of joist depth.
1. Thickness: 0.062 inch (1.6 mm).
G. Top Flange Hangers: U-shaped joist hangers, full depth of joist, formed from metal strap with
tabs bent to extend over and be fastened to supporting member.
BICKFORD OF CARMEL, IN 12/12/2012
ROUGH CARPENTRY 06100 - 9
1. Strap Width: 2 inches (50 mm).
2. Thickness: 0.062 inch (1.6 mm).
H. Bridging: Rigid, V-section, nailless type, 0.050 inch (1.3 mm) thick, length to suit joist size and
spacing.
I. Post Bases: Adjustable-socket type for bolting in place with standoff plate to raise post 1 inch
(25 mm) above base and with 2-inch- (50-mm-) minimum side cover, socket 0.062 inch (1.6
mm) thick, and standoff and adjustment plates 0.108 inch (2.8 mm) thick.
J. Rafter Tie-Downs: Bent strap tie for fastening rafters or roof trusses to wall studs below, 1-1/2
inches (38 mm) wide by 0.050 inch (1.3 mm) thick. Tie fastens to side of rafter or truss, face of
top plates, and side of stud below.
K. Rafter Tie-Downs (Hurricane or Seismic Ties): Bent strap tie for fastening rafters or roof trusses
to wall studs below, 2-1/4 inches (57 mm) wide by 0.062 inch (1.6 mm) thick. Tie fits over top of
rafter or truss and fastens to both sides of rafter or truss, face of top plates, and side of stud
below.
L. Hold-Downs: Brackets for bolting to wall studs and securing to foundation walls with anchor
bolts or to other hold-downs with threaded rods and designed with first of two bolts placed
seven bolt diameters from reinforced base.
1. Bolt Diameter: As indicated.
2. Width: As indicated.
3. Body Thickness: As indicated.
4. Base Reinforcement Thickness: As indicated.
M. Wall Bracing: T-shaped bracing made for letting into studs in saw kerf, 1-1/8 inches (29 mm)
wide by 9/16 inch (14 mm) deep by 0.034 inch (0.85 mm) thick with hemmed edges.
N. Wall Bracing: Angle bracing made for letting into studs in saw kerf, 15/16 by 15/16 by 0.040
inch (24 by 24 by 1 mm) thick with hemmed edges.
2.11 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS
A. Sill-Sealer Gaskets: Closed-cell neoprene foam, 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) thick, selected from
manufacturer's standard widths to suit width of sill members indicated.
B. Flexible Flashing: Self-adhesive, rubberized-asphalt compound, bonded to a high-density,
polyethylene film to produce an overall thickness of not less than 0.025 inch (0.6 mm).
C. Adhesives for Gluing Furring to Concrete or Masonry: Formulation complying with
ASTM D 3498 that is approved for use indicated by adhesive manufacturer.
1. Use adhesives that have a VOC content of 70 g/L or less when calculated according to
40 CFR 59, Subpart D (EPA Method 24).
D. Water-Repellent Preservative: NWWDA-tested and -accepted formulation containing 3-iodo-2-
propynyl butyl carbamate, combined with an insecticide containing chloropyrifos as its active
ingredient.
BICKFORD OF CARMEL, IN 12/12/2012
ROUGH CARPENTRY 06100 - 10
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1 INSTALLATION, GENERAL
A. Set rough carpentry to required levels and lines, with members plumb, true to line, cut, and
fitted. Fit rough carpentry to other construction; scribe and cope as needed for accurate fit.
Locate furring, nailers, blocking, grounds, and similar supports to comply with requirements for
attaching other construction.
B. Framing Standard: Comply with AF&PA's "Details for Conventional Wood Frame Construction,"
unless otherwise indicated.
C. Framing with Engineered Wood Products: Install engineered wood products to comply with
manufacturer's written instructions.
D. Metal Framing Anchors: Install metal framing to comply with manufacturer's written instructions.
E. Do not splice structural members between supports, unless otherwise indicated.
F. Provide blocking and framing as indicated and as required to support facing materials, fixtures,
specialty items, and trim.
1. Provide metal clips for fastening gypsum board or lath at corners and intersections where
framing or blocking does not provide a surface for fastening edges of panels. Space clips
not more than 16 inches (406 mm) o.c.
G. Provide fire blocking in furred spaces, stud spaces, and other concealed cavities as indicated
and as follows:
1. Fire block furred spaces of walls, at each floor level, at ceiling, and at not more than 96
inches (2438 mm) o.c. with solid wood blocking or noncombustible materials accurately
fitted to close furred spaces.
2. Fire block concealed spaces of wood-framed walls and partitions at each floor level, at
ceiling line of top story, and at not more than 96 inches (2438 mm) o.c. Where fire
blocking is not inherent in framing system used, provide closely fitted solid wood blocks
of same width as framing members and 2-inch nominal- (38-mm actual-) thickness.
3. Fire block concealed spaces between floor sleepers with same material as sleepers to
limit concealed spaces to not more than 100 sq. ft. (9.3 sq. m) and to solidly fill space
below partitions.
4. Fire block concealed spaces behind combustible cornices and exterior trim at not more
than 20 feet (6 m) o.c.
H. Sort and select lumber so that natural characteristics will not interfere with installation or with
fastening other materials to lumber. Do not use materials with defects that interfere with
function of member or pieces that are too small to use with minimum number of joints or
optimum joint arrangement.
I. Comply with AWPA M4 for applying field treatment to cut surfaces of preservative-treated
lumber.
1. Use inorganic boron for items that are continuously protected from liquid water.
J. Securely attach rough carpentry work to substrate by anchoring and fastening as indicated,
complying with the following:
BICKFORD OF CARMEL, IN 12/12/2012
ROUGH CARPENTRY 06100 - 11
1. NES NER-272 for power-driven fasteners.
2. Table 2304.9.1, "Fastening Schedule," in ICC's International Building Code.
3. Table 23-II-B-1, "Nailing Schedule," and Table 23-II-B-2, "Wood Structural Panel Roof
Sheathing Nailing Schedule," in ICBO's Uniform Building Code.
4. Table 2305.2, "Fastening Schedule," in BOCA's BOCA National Building Code.
5. Table 2306.1, "Fastening Schedule," in SBCCI's Standard Building Code.
6. Table R602.3(1), "Fastener Schedule for Structural Members," and Table R602.3(2),
"Alternate Attachments," in ICC's International Residential Code for One- and Two-Family
Dwellings.
7. Table 602.3(1), "Fastener Schedule for Structural Members," and Table 602.3(2),
"Alternate Attachments," in ICC's International One- and Two-Family Dwelling Code.
K. Use common wire nails, unless otherwise indicated. Select fasteners of size that will not fully
penetrate members where opposite side will be exposed to view or will receive finish materials.
Make tight connections between members. Install fasteners without splitting wood; do not
countersink nail heads, unless otherwise indicated.
L. For exposed work, arrange fasteners in straight rows parallel with edges of members, with
fasteners evenly spaced, and with adjacent rows staggered.
1. Comply with indicated fastener patterns where applicable. Before fastening, mark
fastener locations, using a template made of sheet metal, plastic, or cardboard.
2. Use finishing nails, unless otherwise indicated. Countersink nail heads and fill holes with
wood filler.
3.2 WALL AND PARTITION FRAMING INSTALLATION
A. General: Provide single bottom plate and double top plates, including over headers, using
members of 2-inch nominal (38-mm actual) thickness whose widths equal that of studs, except
single top plate may be used for non-load-bearing partitions. Fasten plates to supporting
construction, unless otherwise indicated.
1. For exterior walls, provide 2-by-6-inch nominal- (38-by-140-mm actual-) size wood studs
spaced 16 inches (406 mm) o.c., unless otherwise indicated.
2. For interior partitions and walls, provide 2-by-4-inch nominal- (38-by-89-mm actual-) size
wood studs spaced 16 inches (406 mm) o.c., unless otherwise indicated.
3. Provide continuous horizontal blocking at midheight of partitions more than 96 inches
(2438 mm) high, using members of 2-inch nominal (38-mm actual) thickness and of same
width as wall or partitions.
B. Construct corners and intersections with three or more studs.
C. Frame openings with multiple studs and headers. Provide nailed header members of thickness
equal to width of studs. Support headers on jamb studs.
1. For non-load-bearing partitions, provide double-jamb studs and headers not less than 4-
inch nominal (89-mm actual) depth for openings 48 inches (1200 mm) and less in width,
6-inch nominal (140-mm actual) depth for openings 48 to 72 inches (1200 to 1800 mm) in
width, 8-inch nominal (184-mm actual) depth for openings 72 to 120 inches (1800 to 3000
mm) in width, and not less than 10-inch nominal (235-mm actual) depth for openings 10
to 12 feet (3 to 3.6 m) in width.
2. For load-bearing walls, provide double-jamb studs for openings 60 inches (1500 mm) and
less in width, and triple-jamb studs for wider openings. Provide headers of depth
indicated.
BICKFORD OF CARMEL, IN 12/12/2012
ROUGH CARPENTRY 06100 - 12
D. Provide diagonal bracing in exterior walls, at both walls of each external corner, at 45-degree
angle, full-story height, unless otherwise indicated. Use metal wall bracing, let into studs in saw
kerf.
3.3 FLOOR JOIST FRAMING INSTALLATION
A. General: Install floor joists with crown edge up and support ends of each member with not less
than 1-1/2 inches (38 mm) of bearing on wood or metal, or 3 inches (76 mm) on masonry.
Attach floor joists as follows:
1. Where supported on wood members, by toe nailing or by using metal framing anchors.
2. Where framed into wood supporting members, by using wood ledgers as indicated or, if
not indicated, by using metal joist hangers.
B. Frame openings with headers and trimmers supported by metal joist hangers; double headers
and trimmers where span of header exceeds 48 inches (1200 mm).
C. Do not notch in middle third of joists; limit notches to one-sixth depth of joist, one-third at ends.
Do not bore holes larger than 1/3 depth of joist; do not locate closer than 2 inches (50 mm) from
top or bottom.
D. Provide solid blocking of 2-inch nominal (38-mm actual) thickness by depth of joist at ends of
joists unless nailed to header or band.
E. Lap members framing from opposite sides of beams, girders, or partitions not less than 4 inches
(102 mm) or securely tie opposing members together. Provide solid blocking of 2-inch nominal
(38-mm actual) thickness by depth of joist over supports.
F. Anchor members paralleling masonry with 1/4-by-1-1/4-inch (6.4-by-32-mm) metal strap
anchors spaced not more than 96 inches (2438 mm) o.c., extending over and fastening to 3
joists. Embed anchors at least 4 inches (102 mm) into grouted masonry with ends bent at right
angles and extending 4 inches (102 mm) beyond bend.
G. Provide solid blocking between joists under jamb studs for openings.
H. Under non-load-bearing partitions, provide double joists separated by solid blocking equal to
depth of studs above.
1. Provide triple joists separated as above, under partitions receiving ceramic tile and
similar heavy finishes or fixtures.
I. Provide bridging of type indicated below, at intervals of 96 inches (2438 mm) o.c., between
joists.
1. Diagonal wood bridging formed from bevel-cut, 1-by-3-inch nominal- (19-by-64-mm
actual-) size lumber, double-crossed and nailed at both ends to joists.
2. Steel bridging installed to comply with bridging manufacturer's written instructions.
3.4 CEILING JOIST AND RAFTER FRAMING INSTALLATION
A. Ceiling Joists: Install ceiling joists with crown edge up and complying with requirements
specified above for floor joists. Face nail to ends of parallel rafters.
BICKFORD OF CARMEL, IN 12/12/2012
ROUGH CARPENTRY 06100 - 13
1. Where ceiling joists are at right angles to rafters, provide additional short joists parallel to
rafters from wall plate to first joist; nail to ends of rafters and to top plate and nail to first
joist or anchor with framing anchors or metal straps. Provide 1-by-8-inch nominal- (19-
by-184-mm actual-) size or 2-by-4-inch nominal- (38-by-89-mm actual-) size stringers
spaced 48 inches (1200 mm) o.c. crosswise over main ceiling joists.
B. Rafters: Notch to fit exterior wall plates and toe nail or use metal framing anchors. Double
rafters to form headers and trimmers at openings in roof framing, if any, and support with metal
hangers. Where rafters abut at ridge, place directly opposite each other and nail to ridge
member or use metal ridge hangers.
1. At valleys, provide double-valley rafters of size indicated or, if not indicated, of same
thickness as regular rafters and 2 inches (50 mm) deeper. Bevel ends of jack rafters for
full bearing against valley rafters.
2. At hips, provide hip rafter of size indicated or, if not indicated, of same thickness as
regular rafters and 2 inches (50 mm) deeper. Bevel ends of jack rafters for full bearing
against hip rafter.
C. Provide special framing as indicated for eaves, overhangs, dormers, and similar conditions, if
any.
3.5 TIMBER FRAMING INSTALLATION
A. Install wood posts using metal anchors indicated.
B. Treat ends of timber beams and posts exposed to weather by dipping in water-repellent
preservative for 15 minutes.
3.6 STAIR FRAMING INSTALLATION
A. Provide stair framing members of size, space, and configuration indicated or, if not indicated, to
comply with the following requirements:
1. Stringer Size: 2-by-12-inch nominal- (38-by-286-mm actual-) size, minimum.
2. Stringer Material: Solid lumber.
3. Notching: Notch stringers to receive treads, risers, and supports; leave at least 5 inches
of effective depth.
4. Stringer Spacing: At least 3 stringers for each 36-inch (914-mm) clear width of stair.
B. Provide stair framing with no more than 3/16-inch (4.7-mm) variation between adjacent treads
and risers and no more than 3/8-inch (9.5-mm) variation between largest and smallest treads
and risers within each flight.
3.7 PROTECTION
A. Protect wood that has been treated with inorganic boron (SBX) from weather. If, despite
protection, inorganic boron-treated wood becomes wet, apply EPA-registered borate treatment.
Apply borate solution by spraying to comply with EPA-registered label.
B. Protect rough carpentry from weather. If, despite protection, rough carpentry becomes wet,
apply EPA-registered borate treatment. Apply borate solution by spraying to comply with EPA-
registered label.
BICKFORD OF CARMEL, IN 12/12/2012
ROUGH CARPENTRY 06100 - 14
END OF SECTION 06100