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HomeMy WebLinkAboutSoil Survey 12 SOIL SURVEY limitation. Using a large iIlter field helps to prevent sur- facing of the effluent from lateral seepage across the top of the till. Capability subclass IIIe; woodland suitability subclass 10. MmD2-Miami silt loam, 12 to 18 percent slopes, eroded. This strongly sloping, deep, well drained soil is on breaks along streams and drainageways. Slopes are short. The mapped areas are irregular in shape and range from 3 to 15 acres in size. In a typical profile the surface layer' is brown silt loam about 5 inches thick. The subsoil is. dark yellowish brown, firm clay loam about 20 inches thick. The substratum, to a depth of 60 inches, is yellowish brown, calcareous loam. In many areas the combined thickness of the surface layer and subsoil is less than 24 inches. In some small areas the subsoil is gravelly. In some areas thin layers of sand and gravel are in the substratum. Included with this soil in mapping are areas of severely eroded soils that have a surface layer of clay loam or have a gravelly surface layer. Also included are small areas of soils that have slopes of more than 18 percent. Penneability is moderate in the subsoil and moderately slow in the substratum. Content of organic matter in the surface layer is moderate. Available water capacity is moderate. The surface layer of this soil is friable and can be tilled within a fairly wide range of moisture content. This soil is generally unsuited to corn, soybeans, and small grains, but a few areas are used for these crops. The hazard of erosion is severe, and conservation prac- tices are needed to control surface runoff in cultivated areas. Practices that help to prevent excessive soil losses include minimum tillage, the use of diversions and grassed waterways, and returning crop residue to the soil. This soil is suitable for hay and pasture crops, and in most areas it is used for these crops. The growing of grasses and legumes for hay or pasture helps to control water erosion. Overgrazing or grazing when the soil is too wet causes surface compaction, excessive runoff, and poor tilth. Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, and timely grazing help to keep the pasture plants and soil in good condition. This soil is well suited to woodland, and in many areas it is used for trees. The limitations and hazards in woodland management are slight, except plant competi- tion is moderate. Seedlings survive and grow well if com- peting vegetation is controlled by cutting, spraying, and girdling. This soil is poorly suited to urban development. The main soil features that adversely affect engineering uses are moderate potential frost action, moderate shrink-swell potential, and moderately slow penneability. The hazard of erosion is severe during construction. The soil has severe limitations for building sites because of slope. Removal of vegetation should be kept to a minimum, and the exposed areas should be reseeded or . sodded as soon as possible. Operations of some types of machinery across the slope is somewhat hazardous. Using properly designed foundations, footings, and basement walls and using foundation drains help to rE water and to prevent structural damage fr<< and swelling and low strength of the soil. This soil has severe limitations for lo~ streets. Roads and streets should be constr contour, and their base material should be with suitable material. This soil has severe limitations for septic tion fields because of moderately slow pen slope. U sing a large absorption field helps to facing of the effluent from lateral seepage a of the hill. Capability subclass IVe; woodlaJ subclass 10. MoC3-Miami clay loam, 6 to 12 pel severely eroded. This moderately sloping drained soil is on knobs and breaks along drainageways on uplands. The mapped areas in shape and range from 3 to 35 acres in size. In a typical proiIle the surface layer is dar loam about 5 inches thick. The subsoil is d= brown, ium clay loam about 19 inches thi stratum, to a depth of 60 inches, is yellowish Combined thickness of the surface layer a less than 24 inches. Calcareous glacial till is ~ on about 15 percent of the acreage of this some areas cobbles and gravel are in the sur: some small areas the surface layer is une: loam or silt loam. Included with this soil in mapping are st steep soils that have short slopes. Penneability is moderate in the subsoil anI slow in the substratum. Content of organic ) surface layer is low. Available water capacity Surface nInoff is medium. The surface layer difficult to work if the soil is tilled whe because of poor soil structure and low conte matter. Seed germination is commonly slow il This soil is used for crops in most areas. suited to corn and soybeans, because the sm severely eroded and the hazard of furthE severe. Small grains can be grown occasiona reestablishment of grasses and legumes. practices including minimum tillage, the use and grassed waterways, and returning crop r soil help to prevent excessive soil loss. Dsm system that consists mainly of grasses and If to control erosion. This soil is suited to grasses and legumE and pasture, and in some areas it is used fOI Small gullies that are difficult to cross with J ery are in some areas. Overgrazing or grazi soil is too wet causes surface compaction, f noff, and poor tilth. Proper stocking rates, ] tion, and timely grazing help to keep the soil plants in good condition. This soil is suited to trees, but in sevel quality of stands of young trees is poor. TI and hazards in woodland management are ~ using cover crops help to maintain the content of organic matter and good tilth. This soil is well suited to grasses and legumes for hay or pasture, and some areas are used for these crops. The major concerns of pasture management are overgrazing and grazing when the soil is wet. Grazing when the soil is too wet causes surface compaction and poor tilth. Proper 'grasses and legumes do not grow well on this stocking rates, pasture rotation, and timely grazing help ess drainage is established. A few areas are used to keep the pasture plants and soil in good condition. ,L 'I' pasture. In some of the areas that are used for This soil is well suited to trees, but only a few areas {pasture, the forage consists mainly of wetland weeds. are used for trees (fig. 9). The hazards and limitations in Even if the soil is drained, however, these areas are com- woodland management are slight, except plant competi- monly ponded in winter and spring. tion is moderate. Seedlings survive and grow well if com- This soil is not suited to trees except for a few water- peting vegetation is controlled by cutting, spraying, or tolerant species. Hazards and limitations in woodland girdling. management are severe, except the hazard of erosion is This soil is suitable for urban development. Many areas slight. are used for this purpose in the southern part of the The main soil features that adversely affect engineer- county. ing uses of this soil are high potential frost action, a The main soil features .that adversely affect engineer- seasonal high water table, and poor stability. ing uses of this soil are moderate potential frost action, This soil has severe limitations for building sites and moderate permeability, and moderate shrink-swell poten- tial. sanitary facilities because of flooding, the high water This soil has moderate limitations for building sites. table, and poor stability. This soil is in the lowest position on the landscape, and in most areas suitable drainage out- U sing properly designed foundations, footings, and base- ment walls and using foundation drain tile help to prevent lets are not available. Pumping stations may be needed. structural damage from shrinking and swelling and low Because of low strength and subsidence, buildings should strength of the soil. " not be constructed on this soil. Capability subclass Illw; This soil is poorly suited to septic tank absorption woodland suitability subclass 4w. fields, and moderate permeability is a moderate limita- MmA-Miami silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes. This tion. Using a large iIlter field helps to prevent surfacing nearly level, deep, well drained soil is on slight rises on of the effluent from lateral seepage across the top of the uplands. The mapped areas are irregular in shape and till. range from 3 to 60 acres in size. This soil has severe limitations for local roads and In a tYpical pro~e the surface layer is bro~ silt loam streets. The base material for local roads and streets abo?t 8 mches ~hick. ~he subsurface ~yer IS d:u-k yel- needs to be strengthened with suitable material. Capabili- 10WlS~ brown, fnable silt loam a~ut 5 mche~ thICk. The ty class I; woodland suitability subclass 10. subsoil extends to a depth of 38 mches and IS dark yel- ----*MmB2-Miami silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes, lowish brown and brown, friable or IIrIll ~lay lo~ The eroded. This gently sloping, deep, well drained soil is on calc:n-eous substratum, to a depth of 60 mches, IS yel- rises on till plains and along drainageways and streams. 10WlS~ ~rown l?am. In many are~, the lower part of the The mapped areas range from 3 to 50 acres in size. subsoil IS stratified san~y ~oam, silt loam, or sand and the In a typical proiIle the surface layer is dark grayish IIrnl, calcareous loam till IS at a depth of more than 40 brown silt loam about 7 inches thick. The subsoil is dark inches. In some areas the lower part of the subsoil is yellowish brown and brown, firm clay loam about 23 gravelly clay loam or gravelly sandy clay loam. In a few inches thick. The substratum, to a depth of 60 inches, is areas the lower part of the subsoil has gray mottles. In yellowish brown loam that contains free carbonates. In a some areas layers of sand and gravelly sand are in the few areas the lower part of the subsoil is stratified sandy substratum at a depth of 6 to 10 feet. loam, loamy sand, and sandy clay loam. The depth to till is Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of more than 40 inches in some areas. Crosby soils in slight depressions. Also included are small Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of areas of soils that have slopes of more than 2 percent. Crosby soils, small areas of severely eroded soils that Penneability is moderate in the subsoil and in the sub- have a surface layer of clay loam, small areas of soils that stratum. Content of organic matter in the surface layer is have slopes of more than 6 percent, and small areas of moderate. Available water capacity is high. Surface ru- soils that have gravel and cobbles on the surface. Doff in cultivated areas is slow. The surface layer of this Penneability is moderate in the subsoil and moderately soil is friable and can be tilled within a fairly wide range slow in the underlying tlll.--Content of organic matter in of moisture content. the surface layer is moderate. Available water capacity is This soil is well suited to corn, soybeans, and small high. Surface nmoff is medium. The surface layer of this grains, and in most areas it is used for these crops. soil is friable and can be tilled within a fairly wide range Minimum tillage, returning crop residue to the soil, and of moisture content. established. ('early in spring may winter and early in ~, ... ry drainage for row crops '.euse of crop residue and cover ellt soil blowing and to maintain soil HAMILTON COUNTY, INDIANA 11 In most areas this soil is used for corn, soybeans, and grains. It is suited to these crops, but conservation tices are needed to control erosion and surface runoff cultivated areas. Crop rotation, minimum tillage, con- ur fanning, and the use of terraces, diversions, grassed "\vaterways, and grade stabilization structures help to ;prevent excessive soil losses from erosion. The use of .~erop residue and cover crops helps to control erosion, im- prove and maintain tilth, and increase the content of or- ganic matter. Seepage areas in some drainageways and swales need subsurface tile for adequate drainage. This soil is suitable for hay and pasture crops, and in some areas it is used for these crops. The growing of grasses and legumes helps to control erosion. Overgrazing and grazing when the soil is too wet causes surface com- paction, excessive runoff, and"'poor tilth. Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, and timely grazing help to keep the pasture plants and soil in good condition. This soil is well suited to trees, but it is used for trees in only a few areas. The limitations and hazards in woodland management are slight, except plant competi- tion is moderate. Seedlings survive and grow well if com- peting vegetation is controlled by cutting, spraying, or girdling. The main soil features that adversely affect e~gineer- ing uses of this soil are moderate potential frost action, moderately slow permeability, moderate shrink-swell potential, and low strength. Erosion is a hazard during construction. This soil is suitable for building sites, but slope, clayey texture, shrinking and swelling, and low strength are moderate limitations that need to be overcome. Using properly designed foundations, footings, and basement walls and using foundation drain tile help to prevent stmctural damage from shrinking and swelling and low strength. This soil is poorly suited to septic tank absorption fields, and moderately slow penneability is a severe limitation. Using a larger iIlter field helps to prevent sur- facing of the effluent from lateral seepage across the top of the till. Low strength is a severe limitation to .the use of this soil for local roads and streets. The base material for roads and streets needs to be strengthened with suitable material. Capability subclass lIe; woodland suitability subclass 10. ~ MmC2-Miami silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded. This moderately sloping, deep, well drained soil is on knobs and breaks along streams and drainage ways on uplands. The mapped areas are irregular in shape and range from 3 to 25 acres in size. In a typical profile the surface layer is brown silt loam about 5 inches thick. The subsoil is brown or dark yel- lowish brown, flrm clay loam about 22 inches thick. The substratum, to a depth of 60 inches, is yellowish brown, calcareous loam. In many areas the solum is less than 24 inches thick. In some areas the subsoil is redder and con- tains more gravel. Included with this soil in mapping are areas of severely eroded soils that have a surface layer of clay loam; in many of these areas cobbles and gravel are on the sur- face. Also included are small areas of soils that have slopes of more than -12 percent. Penneability is moderate in the subsoil and moderately slow in the substratum. Content of organic matter in the surface layer is moderate. A vailable water capacity is moderate. Surface runoff is medium. The surface layer of this soil is friable and can be tilled within a fairly wide range of moisture content. This soil is suitable for corn, soybeans, and small grains. Some areas are used for these crops. The hazard of ero- sion is severe in cultivated areas. Crop rotation, minimum tillage, contour fanning, and the use of terraces, diver- sions, grassed waterways, and grade stabilization struc- tures help to control erosion. Proper use of crop residue and cover crops helps to reduce runoff and control ero- sion. This soil is suitable for hay and pasture crops, and in most areas it is used for these crops. The growing of grasses and legumes helps to control water erosion. Over- grazing or grazing when the soil is too wet causes surface compaction, excessive runoff, and poor tilth. Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, and timely grazing help to keep the pasture plants and soil in good condition. This soil is used for woodland in a few areas. It is well suited to trees, and the limitations and hazards in woodland management are slight, except plant competi- tion is moderate. Seedlings survive and grow well if com- peting vegetation is controlled by cutting, spraying, and girdling. This soil is suitable for urban development. Many areas are used for this purpose in the southern part of the county. The main soil features that adversely affect engineer- Ing uses of this soil are moderate potential frost action, moderate shrink-swell potential, and moderately slow penneability. The hazard of erosion is severe during con- struction. This soil has moderate limitations for building sites. U sing properly designed foundations, footings, and base- ment walls and using foundation drain tile help to remove excess water and to prevent structural damage from shrinking and swelling and low strength of the soil. Removal of vegetation should be kept to a minimum. Top- soil should be stockpiled for use in exposed areas, and a plant cover should be established as soon as possible after construction is completed. Diversions and waterways can be installed between building sites to divert excess runoff to suitable outlets. This soil has severe limitations for local roads and streets. The base material for local roads and streets needs to be strengthened with suitable material. Roads and streets should be constructed on the contour of slopes. This soil is poorly suited to septic tank absorption fields. The moderately slow penneability is a severe This soil has severe limitations for building sites. The ~s need to be artificially drained and protected from )oding. Dwellings and small buildings with basements .ould not be constructed on this soil. Using properly ~signed foundations and' footings help~ t? prevent st~c- ral damage from frost action and shrinking and swelling · the soil. This soil has severe limitations for local roads and .reets because of a seasonal high water table and high )tential frost action. InstaIlation of drainage ditches ong roads helps to lower the water table and prevent mmge from frost action. The base material for roads rld streets should be replaced or strengthened with rltable material. This soil has severe limitations for septic tank absorp- .on fields because of a seasonal high water table. Sanita- y facilities should be connected to sewers and tr~at~~nt :lcilities. Capability subclass Ilw; woodland sUItability ubclass 2w. ..CrA~Crosby silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This .early level, deep, somewhat poorly drained so~ is on light rises on broad, undulating till plains. The mapped ,reas are irregular in shape and range from 3 to 200 .cres in size. In a typical proiIle the surface layer is dark grayish .rown silt loam about 8 inches thick. The subsurface layer s dark grayish brown silt loam about 3 inches thick. The .ubsoil is dark yellowish brown and yellowish brown, mot- ,led, Imn silty clay loam and clay loam about 21 inches ;hick. The underlying material, to a depth of 60 inches, is >rown, calcareous loam. In some areas the lower part of ~he subsoil is stratified silt loam, sandy loam, and sand as nuch as 12 inches thick. In some areas the content of n-avel in the subsoil is as much as 10 percent. The depth ;0 firm glacial till is more than 40 inches in many areas. . Included with this soil in mapping are Brookston soils in depressions. Also included are small areas of Whitaker 3 oils, many small domelike areas of Miami soils, and small areas of Crosby soils that have slopes of more than 3 per- cent. Small areas of eroded and severely eroded soils are included in the more sloping areas. Permeability is slow. Content of organic matter in the surface layer is moderate. Available water capacity is high. The water table is commonly at a depth of 1 to 3 feet in winter and early in spring. Surface runoff is slow. The surface layer of this soil is friable and can be tilled within a fairly wide range of moisture content. Most areas are used for corn, soybeans, and small grain. This soil is well suited to these crops if it is adequately drained. Most areas are drained by subsurface tile and open ditches. Conservation practices, including minimum tillage and returning crop residue to the soil, help to maintain the content of organic matter and good tilth. Some areas of this soil are used for hay and pasture. In some undrained areas this soil can be used for grasses and legumes and for hay and pasture, but artificial drainage generally is beneficiaL This soil is better suited to shallow-rooted crops than to deep-rooted legumes, for example, alfalfa. Grazing when the soil is wet causes sur- face compaction and poor tilth. Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, timely grazing, and restricting grazing during wet periods help to reduce surface compaction and maintain good tilth and plant density. This soil is suited to trees, and a few areas are used for orchards or woodland. In some years seasonal wetness .tightly delays harvesting and planting operations. Spe- cies that can tolerate wetness grow best. Plant competi- tion is the main limitation to the use of this soil for trees. Seedlings survive and grow well if competing vegetation Is controlled by cutting, spraying, and girdling. Many areas of this soil in the southern part of the eounty are used for urban development. The main soil 'features that adversely affect the en- eering uses of this soil are a seasonal high water table, .. erate shrink-swell potential, high potential frost ac- tion, and slow penneability. This soil has some s~vere limitations for building sites. e sites need to be artificially drained to prevent wet- .ness from becoming a problem. Dwellings and small buildings with basements should not be constructed on this soil. U sing properly designed foundations and footings helps to prevent structural damage from low Itrength and shrinking and swelling of the soil. This soil has severe limitations for local roads and atreets. Drainage ditches can be used along roads to 'lower the water table and to help prevent damage from frost action. The base material for roads needs to be Itrengthened or replaced with suitable material. Sanitary facilities should be connected to sewers and treatment facilities, or a large absorption field can be used to offset .Iow penneability when the water table is lowered through artificial drainage. Capability subclass Ilw; woodland suitability subclass 30. FnA-Fox loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes. This nearly level, well drained soil is on broad terraces and on small knolls on uplands. It is moderately deep over sand and JMlvelly sand. Most mapped areas on terraces are elon- gated and are parallel to streams; these areas range from 8 to 150 acres in size. The mapped areas on uplands are irregular in shape and range from 3 to 10 acres in size. In a typical proiIle the surface layer is dark brown loam about 8 inches thick. The subsurface layer is dark brown loam about 4 inches thick. The subsoil is about 26 inches thick. The upper part of the' subsoil is dark brown, tlnn clay loam or gravelly clay loam, and the lower part is reddish brown and dark reddish brown, lInn or friable aandy clay loam and gravelly sandy clay loam. The under- lying material, to a depth of 60 inches, is brown, calcare- ous sand and gravelly coarse sand. In some areas the sur- face layer is gravelly or cobbly. In small areas on uplands the depth to loam till is 40 to 60 inches. Included with this soil in mapping are a few small areas of Sleeth soils in slight depressions, small areas of Ockley soils, areas of shallow soils on steep breaks, and some areas of soils that have slopes of more than 2 percent. 4