Water Master Plan Update Nov 1992 a CARMEL UTILITIES
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%rm iliflp ONE CIVIC SQUARE
P.O. BOX 1399 WATER UTILITY
PH (317) 571 -2443 CARMEL, INDIANA 46032 WASTEWATER UTILITY
MEMO
November 10, 1993
TO: Dave Cunningham
FROM: Jim Dougherty
Enclosed is a copy of the Water Master Plan Update as prepared by Jones Henry
Engineers, Inc. According to our records, Terry Jones was provided a copy of the Sewer
Master Plant Update on April 29 of this year. Please let me know if you need additional
information.
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1 WATER MASTER PLAN UPDATE
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1 Submitted to the:
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1 CITY OF CARMEL, INDIANA
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November 1992
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November 4, 1992
Mr. Jim Dougherty
1 Utility Manager
One Civic Square
Carmel, Indiana 46032
1 Subject: Water Master Plan Update
Dear Mr. Dougherty:
1 Transmitted herewith is the City of Carmel's Water Master Plan Update, which details our
analysis of the adequacy of Carmel's water supply, treatment, and portions of the distribution
1 facilities for meeting existing and projected future water demands.
Our evaluation identifies critical current deficiencies in raw water supply and in treatment
capacity. Without immediate corrective action, these deficiencies can be expected to become
1 dangerously worse and potentially result in a system -wide potable water supply failure. We
also have identified locations where water transmission will need to be improved to permit
existing distribution facilities to be transformed from a connected group of localized networks
1 to a safer, stronger, City -wide system.
The Water Master Plan Update includes recommendations for improvements that we believe
1 will alleviate current problems and provide a good structure upon which Carmel can build
a water system that will meet the needs of its customers well into the next century.
1 We are eager to assist the City of Carmel in any way we can and to help implement those
improvements needed to assure the reliable delivery of potable water throughout the service
area. If you have any questions concerning our findings, or desire to discuss our report, we
would be happy to meet with you and other City officials at your convenience.
1 Very truly yours,
JONES HENRY ENGINEERS, INC.
n/.�: Brian W. Houghton, P.E.
Director Fort Wayne Office
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Roger P. Baker, P.E.
1 Principal
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1 21838DLR
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1 WATER MASTER PLAN UPDATE
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Submitted to the:
1 CITY OF CARMEL, INDIAN A
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November 1992
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1 TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 SUMMARY Page 1
INTRODUCTION 3
I EXISTING CONDITIONS 4
EXISTING SERVICE AREA 4
I EXISTING WATER USE 4
Average -Day Demand 5
Maximum -Day Demand 5
EXISTING WATER SUPPLY AND TREATMENT 5
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General 5
Water Supply 6
Treatment 7
I EXISTING WATER STORAGE 12
EXISTING DISTRIBUTION MAINS 12
CURRENT NEEDS 13
1 FUTURE CONDITIONS 15
FUTURE SERVICE AREA 15
ANTICIPATED FUTURE POPULATION 15
I FUTURE WATER USE 18
FUTURE WATER SUPPLY AND TREATMENT 20
FUTURE WATER STORAGE 21
1 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ANALYSIS 21
SYSTEM CONDITIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 25
I SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS 25
AVAILABILITY CONTRIBUTION AND EQUIVALENT
USER CONTRIBUTION COSTS 31
I TABLES
No.
1 1 WATER USAGE 4
2 WELL FIELD YIELDS 6
I 3 PLANT EQUIPMENT CAPACITIES 10
4 PRODUCTION LIMITATIONS 11
5 CENSUS POPULATION 16
6 PROJECTED POPULATION AND DEMANDS 20
I 7 PROPOSED TRANSMISSION MAINS AND COST ESTIMATE
EXISTING SERVICE AREA 28
8 PROPOSED TRANSMISSION MAINS AND COST ESTIMATE
I EAST OF EXISTING SERVICE AREA 29
9 CHARGE EVALUATION CONTRIBUTING ACRES, POPULATION,
AND NUMBER OF SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENCES 33
I 10 EQUIVALENT USER FACTOR 34
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1 TABLE OF CONTENTS
(Continued)
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FIGURES
1 No. Page
1 PAST AND PROJECTED POPULATION 17
I 2 PROJECTED WATER USE 19
3 PROPOSED WATER LINES 24
4 WATER SERVICE AREA 37
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Water Master Plan Update for
the City of Carmel, Indiana Summary
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SUMMARY
1 The City of Carmel water supply facilities were analyzed, in part, to determine the adequacy
of the existing well supply, treatment, and distribution facilities for meeting current and
1 projected future water demands; and to provide the City with recommendations of needed
improvements.
1 The results of the analysis show that the existing Carmel water facilities are not capable of
safely meeting the maximum -day demand currently experienced, let alone the projected
future maximum -day demand. Based on the historical maximum -day demand of 7.85 million
1 gallons per day (mgd) experienced in 1991, and a combined existing plant capacity of about
6 mgd, the safe capacity of the Carmel water facilities is currently deficient by nearly 2 mgd.
Even with a sprinkling ban and a water purchase agreement with a nearby utility in effect,
1 immediate action is required to acquire additional water supply, treatment, and distribution
capacity.
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We anticipate that population growth and development will further expand the City's need
for water capacity to approximately 16 mgd over the next 20 to 25 years. Expanding
1 Carmel's treated water supply capabilities by 10 mgd, to meet the projected needs 20 to 25
1 years hence, can be accomplished by constructing new facilities or a combination of
constructing new facilities and increasing the capacity of one or more of the three existing
1 plants.
In addition, it has been brought to our attention that, sometime during the projected period,
1 Plant 2, with its 1+ mgd capacity, could conceivably be retired due to the age of the facility
1 21838DLR -1- Jones Henry Engineers, Inc.
Water Master Plan Update for
the City of Carmel, Indiana Summary
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or to the lack of protection of its raw water supply. If this occurs, an additional 1+ mgd of
capacity will be needed in order to compensate for the loss of existing capacity.
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Based on the above considerations, we recommend and support the concept of providing an
additional 10 to 11 mgd of capacity to meet the projected needs of the next 20 to 25 years.
Expanding Carmel's treated water supply capabilities can be accomplished by adding all of
the new capacity now, or by constructing the projected needed capacity in units of about 4
1 mgd. Regardless of what is constructed, the Plant 5 design should provide for an orderly
expansion to 8, 12, and 16 mgd.
1 Computer analyses were performed on a skeletal model of Carmel's existing water
distribution system to determine the system's water transmission capabilities. The results
of the analyses indicate that the system has pronounced deficiencies in transmitting water
between various locations within the City. Recommendations of needed improvements have
been made and, when implemented, will improve system pressures and transform the
1 existing distribution facilities from a group of connected, localized networks to a safer,
stronger, City -wide system with increased transmission capabilities. New transmission
mains have been recommended and costs have been estimated to serve the areas of projected
1 development. In addition, the "Availability Contributions" and "Equivalent User
Contributions" for proposed water lines, water supply, water treatment, and water storage
have been evaluated.
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1 21838DLR -2- Jones Henry Engineers, Inc.
Water Master Plan Update for
the City of Carmel, Indiana Introduction
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INTRODUCTION
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The City of Carmel, Indiana has experienced a rapid growth in population and development
over the last 30 years. As areas within Carmel have developed, portions of the Carmel water
1 supply, treatment, and distribution systems have been expanded to provide water service for
Carmel residents.
To assist in planning future facilities, Carmel's existing and future water needs have been
examined, and direction is provided to best meet those needs.
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1 21838DLR -3- Jones Henry Engineers, Inc.
Water Master Plan Update for
the City of Carmel, Indiana Existing Conditions
EXISTING CONDITIONS
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EXISTING SERVICE AREA
The existing service area of the Carmel water system generally includes the developed area
of Carmel between 106th Street and 146th Street from U.S. 31 to a line west of the White
River. Portions of Carmel's developed areas are presently not served by Carmel. According
to census data, the total population for Carmel was 25,380 in 1990. To more accurately
determine the amount of water per capita used by the City residents connected to the system,
an adjustment for the residents not served had to be made. Since no related data was
available for a precise determination, the population served was assumed to be 90 percent
of the total population, or 22,842 people.
EXISTING WATER USE
Average -day and maximum -day water usages for Carmel residents were estimated based on
the data listed in Table 1, which was obtained from City pumpage records for the period
January 1988 through August 1992.
1 TABLE 1
CITY OF CARMEL, INDIANA
WATER MASTER PLAN UPDATE
WATER USAGE
Average -Day Maximum -Day Ratio of Average -Day
Year Demand (mgd) Demand (mgd) to Maximum -Day Demand
1988 2,987,300 7,101,000 2.38
1989 2,758,259 6,679,800 2.42
1990 2,818,953 6,711,000 2.38
1991 3,223,174 7,847,800 2.43
1992 (Aug.) 2,955,838 6,461,000 2.19
21838DLR -4- Jones Henry Engineers, Inc.
Water Master Plan Update for
the City of Carmel, Indiana Existing Conditions
Average -Day Demand
t For the adjusted 1990 service population of 22,842, the 1990 average -day usage was 2.82
mgd. The resulting 1990 average -day usage, therefore, was approximately 125 gallons per
capita per day (gpcpd). This usage is assumed to remain constant as Carmel's service area
expands.
Maximum-Day Demand
During the period of record, the highest annual maximum -day to average -day ratio that
occurred was 2.43. The ratio resulted from the 1991 average -day demand of 3.22 mgd and
the maximum -day demand of 7.85 mgd. Due to insufficient supply, the maximum -day
pumpage was limited; and we have assumed that had additional water been available, the
ratio would have been even higher. For estimating purposes, we have used a maximum -day
to average -day ratio of 2.75, which is higher than commonly encountered but is consistent
with Carmel's past experience. Carmel's high ratio of maximum -day to average -day water
use reflects the general affluence of the community and the extensive practice of watering
lawns. The resulting maximum -day usage is approximately 344 gpcpd; and when applied to
the estimated 1991 adjusted population served of 23,697 (per Table 6), the calculated
maximum -day total usage is 8.15 mgd. Since this calculated maximum -day use corresponds
closely with the actual highest maximum -day demand of 7.85 mgd, the estimate of the
population served and the 2.75 maximum -to- average ratio used are believed to be reasonably
accurate.
EXISTING WATER SUPPLY AND TREATMENT
General
Carmel's water supply and treatment facilities consist of twelve wells and three water
treatment plants. Plant 2 is known as the Downtown Plant and is located on 1st Avenue
21838DLR -5- Jones Henry Engineers, Inc.
Water Master Plan Update for
the City of Carmel, Indiana Existing Conditions
S.W. between 1st Street S.W. and 2nd Street S.W. Plant 3 is known as the Brookshire Plant
and is located on 126th Street near the Brookshire Golf Course. Plant 4 is known as the
Gray Road Plant and is located on Gray Road near 106th Street.
Water Supply
Water is supplied to the plants from wells located on the plant sites or nearby. A summary
follows:
Plant 2: Wells 1, 2, 3, and 4
Plant 3: Wells 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9
1 Plant 4: Wells 10, 11, and 12
Table 2 includes the approximate existing yields of the plant well fields.
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TABLE 2
CITY OF CARMEL, INDIANA
WATER MASTER PLAN UPDATE
WELL FIELD YIELDS
Known Short Known Average -Day Maximum -Day Historical
Well Term Maximum Sustained Withdrawal Withdrawal Maximum
Field (gpm) (gpm) (gpm) (gpm) Withdrawal (gpm)
Plant 2 1100 925 900 -925 900 -925 1050 1200
Plant 3 Untested 2250 1000 2200 -2300 2450 2590
Plant 4 1400 -1500 1215 700 -750 1400 -1500* 1810 2070
Withdrawal rate is not available for a 24 -hour period.
1 Historical maximum withdrawals occurred on the highest maximum -day of the period of record.
Total demand was 7.85 mgd (5448 gpm). At that time, Plant 4 was not limited by well capacity
as it is now. The withdrawal rates were short -term and cannot be relied upon.
21838DLR -6- Jones Henry Engineers, Inc.
Water Master Plan Update for
the City of Carmel, Indiana Existing Conditions
The Plant 2 well field generally yields enough water to satisfy the maximum -day withdrawal
1 rate currently experienced by Plant 2. A short -term maximum rate of 1100 gpm has been
experienced; the longevity of the rate, however, is unknown and cannot be relied upon.
1 The Plant 3 well field generally yields enough water to satisfy the maximum -day withdrawal
rate currently experienced by Plant 3. The short -term maximum rate has not been tested.
1 The Plant 4 well field capacity is presently limited to approximately 1.75 mgd. Over a 24-
hour period, the well field yields a maximum supply rate of 1215 gpm. The maximum -day
withdrawal rate of 1400 gpm to 1500 gpm is available only for 19 to 21 hours per day.
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Treatment
Carmel presently utilizes three water treatment plants and has a fourth treatment facility
under design. All of Carmel's plants use well water for supply, utilize aeration followed by
pressure filtration for iron removal, and ion exchange using zeolite for softening.
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Based on the number of treatment facilities and how supply and distribution have developed,
it appears that the new plants have been added primarily for solving immediate local water
1 concerns rather than for meeting long -term, area -wide development needs. In retrospect,
more long -term planning should have been performed for increasing Carmel's water
treatment, as well as supply and distribution capabilities. With the past irrecoverable,
1 Carmel must improve and best utilize the facilities that exist and ensure that Plant 5 and
its supply are designed for ease of future expansion. This is especially important since it is
likely that some day, one or more of the existing plants will be retired.
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1 21838D -7- Jones Henry Engineers, Inc.
Water Master Plan Update for
the City of Carmel, Indiana Existing Conditions
Carmel generally considers "capacity" to be the maximum rate that can be pumped through
a facility. This leaves no provisions for backup, maintenance, or other process limiting
factors. Each of the following examples shows how Carmel maximizes "capacity" to meet
peak demands. Although water may be delivered to the customers, it is done so at the
expense of water quality, pressure, and assured safety.
Wells frequently can be operated at higher rates than their rated capacity for
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short periods of time before the rate drops off. When needed, Carmel uses all
of the raw water available at Plants 2 and 4. Depending on the aquifer
conditions, the well design, and the total dynamic head conditions, well outputs
vary and cannot be relied upon at all times.
Iron filters are designed based on a rate of 3 gpm/sf. This does not mean that
water cannot be run through a filter.at a higher rate and, at times, Carmel does
so. The greater the flow rate, however, the more frequently a filter requires
backwashing to continue filtering.
Softeners are designed with a certain exchange r
tm rate based on resin volume.
This means that the greater the flow rate, the more frequently the softeners
require regeneration to continue softening. Unsoftened water, however, can be
run through a softener with depleted resin, with the only negative result being
that the water would remain unsoftened. Carmel operates Plant 2 at times at
the maximum raw water supply rate, irregardless of softener design criteria.
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21838DLR -8- Jones Henry Engineers, Inc.
Water Master Plan Update for
the City of Carmel, Indiana Existing Conditions
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On present high use days, the plants are operated beyond the rated capacity of plant
equipment and treatment processes. There have been times when production has not been
sufficient to keep up with demand, even with all unit processes and equipment in operation.
For safety reasons, plants, most treatment processes, and equipment should be rated with
the largest unit out of service. This commonly is referred to as "firm" capacity and allows a
process or piece of equipment to be taken out of service for maintenance while maintaining
a safe capacity. It also provides some additional capacity that may be available in times of
emergency.
A point that should be noted is the meaning of treatment capacity as it relates to plant
1 design. If, for example, 4 million gallons of treated water output is desired each day, the
process equipment treating the water must be sized to operate at a rate higher than 4 mgd
1 to allow for any time that the unit might be out of service for backwashing, regeneration, or
other required maintenance. When we refer to needed capacity in this report, we mean the
net output per day.
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Table 3 lists the existing equipment capacities of the water treatment plants.
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21838DLR -9- Jones Henry Engineers, Inc.
I Water Master Plan Update for
the City of Carmel, Indiana Existing Conditions
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TABLE 3
1 CITY OF CARMEL, INDIANA
WATER MASTER PLAN UPDATE
1 PLANT EQUIPMENT CAPACITIES
I Iron Filters Softeners High Service Pumps
Rated Total Rated Total Rated Total Historical
Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity Maximum Rate
I Qty. (gpm) (gpm) Qty. (gpm) (t;pm) Qty. (gpm) (gpm) (gpm)
Plant 2 4 188 750 2 250 500 2 500 900 -925 1050 -1200
2 175*
1 Plant 3 2 1125 2250 4 550 2200 2 1000 2000 2000
1 500 2200 -2300 2450 -2590
I Plant4 2 717 1434 3 425 1275 2 700 -750 1400 -1500 1810 -2070
1 1450
I Pumps generally are not operated unless one of the 500 gpm pumps is taken out of service for
maintenance.
Pump has not been operated since 1988.
Historical maximum rates occurred on the highest maximum day of the period of record. Water levels
I in the elevated storage tanks were low, which enabled the high service pumps to operate at rates higher
than that normally attainable.
1 Plant 2 currently has a maximum hydraulic capacity of approximately 900 -925 gpm (1.30 -1.33
mgd). The total hydraulic capacity, however, is not available for a 24 -hour period.
I Periodically throughout a day, the iron filters must be backwashed and the softener resin
1 must be regenerated. During these operations, one or more pumps are taken out of service.
I The filter capacity of Plant 2 is 750 gpm (1.08 mgd), based on a filtration rate of 3 gpm per
1 square foot of filter surface area. Since this filtration rate is the maximum rate acceptable
per the Recommended Standards for Water Works (Ten State Standards), we have assumed
1 that the total existing capacity of Plant 2 is 750 gpm.
Plant 3 currently has a maximum hydraulic capacity of 2200 gpm to 2300 gpm (3.17 -3.31
1 mgd). Due to filter backwashing and softener resin regeneration, however, the total
1 21838DLR -10- Jones Henry Engineers, Inc.
Water Master Plan Update for
the City of Carmel, Indiana Existing Conditions
hydraulic capacity is not available for a 24 -hour period. The filter capacity is 2250 gpm (3.24
mgd), and is based on a filtration rate of 3 gpm per square foot of filter surface area. We
have assumed that the total existing capacity of Plant 3 is, therefore, 2250 gpm.
Plant 4 has a maximum hydraulic capacity of 1400 gpm to 1500 gpm (2.01 -2.16 mgd). Due
to filter backwashing and softener resin regeneration, however, the total hydraulic capacity
is not available for a 24 -hour period. The existing filter capacity is 1434 gpm based on a
loading rate of 3 gpm/sf. We have assumed that the current capacity of Plant 4 is, therefore,
1434 gpm.
Table 4 shows the limitations of each water treatment plant and the total existing capacity
of the Carmel Water System.
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TABLE 4
CITY OF CARMEL, INDIANA
WATER MASTER PLAN UPDATE
PRODUCTION LIMITATIONS
Cause of Maximum Flow Rate Existing
Limitation (gpm for 24 hours)* Capacity (mgd)
Plant 2 Iron Filters 750 1.08
Plant 3 Iron Filters 2250 3.24
Plant 4 Well Supply 1215 1.75
Total Available
Existing Capacity 6.07
Due to filter backwashing and softener resin regeneration needs, the
actual flow rate through each plant is assumed to be slightly higher,
but will be available for less than 24 hours.
21838DLR -11- Jones Henry Engineers, Inc.
Water Master Plan Update for
the City of Carmel, Indiana Existing Conditions
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EXISTING WATER STORAGE
Carmel utilizes three storage tanks to help the water system meet short -term demands. The
1 water storage tanks consist of a 500,000 gallon elevated tank located near Plant 2; a 750,000
gallon elevated tank located on 146th Street, east of U.S. 31; and a 1 MG ground storage
1 tank and pumping station located near the intersection of 116th Street and Gray Road.
Additionally, Plant 4 has 318,000 gallons of unsoftened water storage available on -site. The
1 MG tank and pumping station are presently not used due to a general lack of supply
1 needed to refill the tank on the days when most needed.
The recommended volume of system water storage is commonly the City's average -day use.
1 Since Carmel's current average -day use is nearly 3 mgd, we consider the existing 2.568 MG
of water storage to be reasonably adequate at this time.
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1 EXISTING DISTRIBUTION MAINS
Carmel's existing distribution network consists of water lines ranging in size from 2 inches
to 16 inches in diameter. The system relies upon several loops of 8 -inch, 10 -inch, and 12 -inch
1 water lines to move water throughout the system." Localized service is provided by lines
ranging in size from 2 inches to 8 inches in diameter.
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During times of maximum demand, the City has experienced distribution deficiencies
1 including empty elevated storage tanks and unacceptably low pressure in some areas.
1 Distribution analyses were performed on a skeletal model of Carmel's system to determine
long -term transmission needs. Those needs are discussed later in this report. A more
1 detailed water distribution system analysis than was performed for this report is
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1 21838DLR -12- Jones Henry Engineers, Inc.
Water Master Plan Update for
the City of Carmel, Indiana Existing Conditions
recommended if Carmel desires to identify more local supply lines that may be needed to
deliver sufficient quantities of water at adequate pressure to all water customers.
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CURRENT NEEDS
1 Based on the highest maximum -day demand of 7.85 mgd observed during the study period
of record and a total existing plant capacity of 6.07 mgd, the minimum additional capacity
currently required to meet existing demand is 1.78 mgd. Additional water would be needed
1 to fight fires should that event occur on the day of maximum demand. For general discussion
purposes, 2 mgd is used as the minimum additional capacity currently needed to more safely
meet existing demands. This indicates that currentl Carmel has a critical water supply
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1 deficiency, and immediate action must be taken to alleviate the problem.
Several measures have been taken to temporarily supplement Carmel's potable water supply.
A sprinkling ban has been placed into effect to reduce maximum -day demand, and an
informal agreement with Hamilton- Western Utilities allows Carmel to purchase water at a
rate of up to 500 gpm. In addition, Carmel is exploring elsewhere the possibility of
increasing its raw water supplies.
1 The City has indicated its intent to construct a new water treatment facility and to locate
additional supply. We recommend and support the concept of providing an additional 4 mgd
of treated water capacity. Construction of the improvements should commence immediately
to enable Carmel's water system to meet existing demands and those expected to be
experienced during the next several years.
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21838DLR -13- Jones Henry Engineers, Inc.
Water Master Plan Update for
the City of Carmel, Indiana Existing Conditions
Each existing plant and its supply should be reviewed in detail to identify what specific
improvements are needed to provide adequate safe capacity. The short -term maximum flow
and the sustained yield of each well should be measured to determine the existing reliable
supply capacity available for each plant. A complete review of each plant's supply header
1 system also is recommended to determine any additional improvements needed to increase
the plants' raw water supply.
1 Additional raw water supply to Plant 4 must be developed to increase the plant's available
treated water capacity. Also, completing a Wellhead Protection Plan would identify raw
water supply needs and provide protection assurances. If adequate protection cannot be
1 provided for the existing wells, the wells may need to be abandoned and new wells drilled to
replace the supply capacity.
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1 21838DLR -14- Jones Henry Engineers, Inc.
Water Master Plan Update for
the City of Carmel, Indiana Future Conditions
FUTURE CONDITIONS
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1 FUTURE SERVICE AREA
Ultimate development within the City of Carmel is expected to include the unserved areas
1 that are within the existing service area, and the region east of the existing service area
extending to the White River.
1 ANTICIPATED FUTURE POPULATION
1 The existing population served previously was assumed to be 90 percent of the City's 1990
population, or 22,842 people. During conversations with City officials, it was established that
1 there are 200 people within Carmel's service area who are currently unserved by the Carmel
water system, but who are expected to be served in the future. In addition, the City has
1,417 vacant lots and 333 acres of vacant land within its service area that have the potential
to develop and to add 5,679 customers to the Carmel system. Our estimate of additional
population that could result from expanding the existing service area east to the White River
1 is 15,493 and is based on the total acreage expected to develop and require water service (see
1 Figure 4).
The total population expected to be served is summarized below:
Current Users 22,842
Additional Users Within Existing Service Area
1 But Currently Not Served 200
Additional Users Within Service Area Due to
Development of Vacant Land 5,679
Additional Users Due to Expansion of Existing
Service Area 15,493
Total Projected Future Population Served 44,214
21838DLR -15- Jones Henry Engineers, Inc.
Water Master Plan Update for
the City of Carmel, Indiana Future Conditions
In order to estimate at what point in time the total projected population might be reached,
1 a history of past population and growth characteristics was examined. Table 5 shows the
U.S. census population of the City of Carmel for the period of 1900 to 1990. The data is
shown graphically in Figure 1.
TABLE 5
CITY OF CARMEL, INDIANA
WATER MASTER PLAN UPDATE
CENSUS POPULATION
Year Population
1900 488
1910 626
1920 598
1930 682
1940 771
1950 1,009
1960 1,442
1970 6,691
1980 18,272
1990 25,380
From Figure 1, it is apparent that the population of Carmel has grown at a rapid rate since
1960. The population of Carmel is anticipated to continue to grow rapidly as the region east
of the existing service area is developed. If population growth continues at the rate observed
in the 1980s, the projected service area population of 44,214 could be reached in
approximately 25 years as seen in Figure 1. If population growth occurs at the rate observed
during the 1960s or 1970s, the projected service area population of 44,214 could be reached
in anywhere from 14 to 34 years, respectively, as seen in Figure 1. As population increases,
one would normally expect the rate of increase to decline; therefore, we anticipate the
projected population will be more likely reached in approximately 20 to 25 years.
21838DLR -16- Jones Henry Engineers, Inc.
I 45,000
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44,214 Q
1 1960 -197Q
GROWTH RATE
40,000-
1
1970 -1980 1980 -1990
I GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATE
1 35,000
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PROJECTED POPULATION BASED
ON 1960 -1970 GROWTH RATE CITY OF CARMEL, INDIANA
I PROJECTED POPULATION BASED WATER MASTER PLAN UPDATE
ON 1970 -1980 GROWTH RATE PAST AND PROJECTED
PROJECTED POPULATION BASED POPULATION
ON 1980 -1990 GROWTH RATE lb Jones Henry Engineers, Inc,
IL- 354612801 FIGURE 1
0/08/92 18
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Water Master Plan Update for
the City of Carmel, Indiana Future Conditions
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FUTURE WATER USE
Using the previously developed 344 gpcpd, and an estimated 1991 service area population of
23,697, the existing maximum -day water use was estimated to be 8.15 mgd. Assuming that
water use conditions remain generally the same as present -day conditions, we would expect
the future maximum -day usage will remain at 344 gpcpd. Future connections of the
1 currently unserved Carmel residents and development of the vacant land within the existing
service area will add 5,879 customers and will increase maximum -day demand by an
1 estimated 2.022 mgd. The expansion of the existing service area to the White River will add
15,493 customers and increase maximum -day demand by 5.330 mgd. Based on the projected
service area population of 44,214 and a maximum -day usage of 344 gpcpd, water use is
1 estimated to reach 15.2 mgd in 20 to 25 years. Figure 2 shows the projected relationships
among time, population, and water use. Table 6 is based on Figure 2 and shows the
projected population to be served by the Carmel water system, the annual percentage
increase, and projected demands to the year 2015.
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21838DLR -18- Jones Henry Engineers, Inc.
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I ULTIMATE POPULATION
AND WATER USE
20 -25 YEARS HENCE
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I CITY OF CARMEL, INDIANA
WATER MASTER PLAN UPDATE
PROJECTED
I WATER UE
Henry Engineers, Inc.
TOL- 3546R802 FIGURE 2
1 10/07/92 2
1 Water Master Plan Update for
the City of Carmel, Indiana Future Conditions
1
TABLE 6
1 CITY OF CARMEL, INDIANA
WATER MASTER PLAN UPDATE
1 PROJECTED POPULATION AND DEMANDS
1 Annual Projected Projected
Population Percentage Population Water Demand
I Year Increase Increase Served mad
1990 22,842 7.86
1991 855 3.74 23,697 8.15
1 1992 855 3.61 24,552 8.44
1993 855 3.48 25,407 8.74
1994 855 3.36 26,262 9.03
I 1995 855 3.26 27,117 9.33
1996 855 3.15 27,972 9.62
1997 855 3.06 28,827 9.92
I 1998 855 2.96 29,682 10.21
1999 855 2.88 30,537 10.50
2000 855 2.80 31,392 10.80
I 2001 855 2.72 32,247 11.09
2002 855 2.65 33,102 11.39
2003 855 2.58 33,957 11.68
I 2004 855 2.52 34,812
35,667 11.98
2005 855 2.46 12.27
2006 855 2.40 36,522 12.56
I 2007 855 2.34 37,377
38,232 12.86
2008 855 2.29 13.15
2009 855 2.24 39,087 13.44
2010 855 2.19 39,942 13.74
I 2011 855 2.14 40,797 14.03
2012 855 2.10 41,652 14.33
1 2013 855 2.05 42,507 14.62
2014 855 2.01 43,362 14.92
2015 855 1.97 44,217 15.21
1 FUTURE WATER SUPPLY AND TREATMENT
1 As mentioned earlier, the City of Carmel is planning to construct a new 4.0 mgd treatment
facility with additional supply to alleviate the critical potable water supply deficiency
I currently experienced during maximum -day demand conditions. When the new facility is
1
1 21838DLR -20- Jones Henry Engineers, Inc.
Water Master Plan Update for
the City of Carmel, Indiana Future Conditions
1
completed, the available water supply and treatment capacity will be approximately 10 mgd.
1 Based on the 20- to 25 -year estimated demand of 15.2 mgd, the additional output capacity
required to meet anticipated demands is 5.2 mgd. In addition, if Plant 2, with its 1+ mgd
capacity, is retired due to the age of the facility or the lack of protection of its raw water
supply, an additional 1+ mgd of capacity will be needed in order to compensate for the loss
of existing capacity.
To enable the Carmel water system to meet future demands, we recommend that the design
of the proposed 4.0 mgd facility include provisions to expand easily to 8, 12, and 16 mgd.
FUTURE WATER STORAGE
Based on a future maximum -day demand of 15.2 mgd and a maximum -day to average -day
1 ratio of 2.75, the future average -day demand is estimated to be approximately 5.5 mgd. Since
system storage is normally recommended to be approximately equal to the average -day use,
the City should plan to consider adding about 2 million gallons of storage over the next 20
to 25 years. Water storage may be added as elevated storage, or as ground storage with
pumping facilities. Consideration also should be given to providing treated water storage at
the proposed plant site.
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Analyses were performed on a skeletal model of Carmel's distribution system to evaluate the
1 adequacy of the existing transmission mains for conveying water from one part of the service
area to another, and to determine the additional transmission mains needed to serve the
areas of projected population growth. The analyses were accomplished using the Fortran
Version of the KYPIPE software developed by the University of Kentucky. KYPIPE is based
21838DLR -21- Jones Henry Engineers, Inc.
Water Master Plan Update for
the City of Carmel, Indiana Future Conditions
on the Hardy Cross method for solving distribution system hydraulic equations and has the
1 capability of simulating special conditions including high service pumping and elevated
storage.
1 The distribution model included the three existing treatment plants, the two elevated storage
tanks, and the existing transmission mains shown in Figure 3. Elevated tank control and
high service pump operations were modeled based on information obtained from Water
Department personnel.
To establish the validity of the system model, present maximum -day demand conditions were
tested. The model test results were found to be consistent with several undesirable
conditions that have been reported by Water Department personnel. These include low water
levels in the elevated tanks and low water pressures at certain locations in the distribution
system. The model, however, did not produce the extreme low pressures reported in the
vicinity of 146th Street and Carey Road. Apart from this inconsistency, we believe the model
1 provides an accurate representation of the system's transmission capabilities.
The validated model was modified, to as mode ed, as necessary, to determine the impact of the estimated
future maximum -day demand on the system with an expanded water treatment plant
capacity of 16 mgd. For purposes of this report, the proposed Plant 5 was assumed to be on-
line and had a treatment capacity of 10 mgd.
1
The simulation indicated that the system is deficient in its capability of transmitting water
between the treatment plants and elevated tanks. Several areas within the system contain
restrictions that do not allow water to move freely throughout the system.
21838DLR -22- Jones Henry Engineers, Inc.
Water Master Plan Update for
the City of Carmel, Indiana Future Conditions
Figure 3 shows the water lines proposed to correct existing deficiencies and to prepare the
distribution system for meeting anticipated future demands in areas of expected population
growth. When the proposed water lines were included in the model of future maximum -day
conditions, water transmission was significantly improved.
1
The ability of the system shown in Figure 3 to meet variations in water demand caused by
1 fire- fighting was assessed by imposing fire flow conditions at various locations on the
1 extremities of the system. Simultaneous fire flows were not considered. The tests indicated
that the modified system will be capable of delivering sufficient water to combat fire flows
1 that may occur in the system.
A detailed listing of the recommended water lines is included later in this report. In general,
1 the recommended water lines within the existing service area should be considered first. The
remaining lines east of the existing service area should be constructed, only as needed, as the
1 area develops. When additional lines are needed in the developing areas, they should be
installed in complete loops to form an interconnecting network of water lines.
1 Once in service, the recommended lines will provide a strong network of supply mains and
improve flow to the existing local lines. A detailed distribution analysis should be performed
if the City desires to determine deficiencies in the local supply lines. We anticipate that
there are local inadequacies within the system, especially under fire flow conditions that are
not apparent from our skeletal model analysis. The prevalence of 6 -inch and 4 -inch lines in
the system leads us to believe that fire protection may not be adequate in some locations and
local supply may be marginal at best.
1
1
1 21838DLR -23- Jones Henry Engineers, Inc.
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Water Master Plan Update for System Conditions
the City of Carmel, Indiana and Recommendations
SYSTEM CONDITIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
1
Our analysis of Carmel's water system shows critical deficiencies in current water supply,
treatment, and distribution capabilities. The findings actually have been experienced by the
City, and only through good fortune and its highly experienced and skilled operating
personnel has Carmel been able to avoid a major breakdown or failure of its potable water
1 supply facilities.
Carmel needs to increase raw water supply and treatment capacity immediately.
1 Additionally, significant deficiencies in water transmission capabilities require prompt
attention. The following list summarizes the recommendations we deem necessary for the
1 Carmel water system to supply to users a sufficient quantity of potable water at adequate
1 pressure.
1 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Immediately attempt to increase raw water supply to Plant 4 to increase available treated
water capacity.
1
2. Immediately review each existing plant and its supply in detail to identify what specific
improvements are needed to provide adequate safe capacity. Test the short -term
maximum flow and sustained yield of each well to determine the existing reliable supply
capacity available for each plant. Review each plant's supply header system to determine
if any additional improvements are needed to increase the plants' raw water supply.
1
1
21838DLR -25- Jones Henry Engineers, Inc.
Water Master Plan Update for System Conditions
the City of Carmel, Indiana and Recommendations
3. Immediately construct 4 mgd of additional treated water output capacity. Include
provisions to expand easily to 8, 12, and 16 mgd. Include appropriate treated water
1 storage, and review of raw water supply and supply header system.
1 4. Complete a detailed water distribution system analysis to identify water lines needed to
deliver sufficient quantities of water at adequate pressure to all water customers.
1 5. Complete Wellhead Protection Plan to identify raw water supply needs and protection
assurances. Some additional wells may have to be provided if adequate protection cannot
be provided for existing wells.
1
6. Plan to add 2 MG of storage during the next 20 to 25 years. Approximately 1 MG in
about 10 years could be added, and another 1 MG after 20 years.
1
7. Table 7 includes a detailed listing of water lines recommended to improve Carmel's
existing distribution system capabilities. Table 8 includes a detailed list of water lines
that are recommended to reinforce existing areas and to prepare the system for
anticipated future demands in areas of expected growth.
1
The estimated costs of the proposed transmission mains are listed for budgetary purposes.
The last six sections of pipe included in Table 8 are water lines to be added as needed as
1 subdivisions develop. The location and size of the lines are approximate and may vary
due to development.
1
1
1 21838DLR -26- Jones Henry Engineers, Inc.
Water Master Plan Update for System Conditions
the City of Carmel, Indiana and Recommendations
Proposed water mains were estimated based on the following:
1
1. Required surface restoration within the developed areas was assumed applicable to
40 percent of the total length of water mains.
1
1 2. Required surface restoration within the undeveloped areas was assumed applicable
to 15 percent of the total length of water mains.
1
3. Hydrants were assumed to be installed every 450 feet.
1 4. Valves were assumed to be installed every 750 feet.
1 5. Water main crossings at S.R. 431 will be bored.
1
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1 21838DLR -27- Jones Henry Engineers, Inc.
I Water Master Plan Update for Proposed Transmission
the City of Carmel, Indiana Mains and Cost Estimate
1
TABLE 7
1 CITY OF CARMEL, INDIANA
WATER MASTER PLAN UPDATE
1 PROPOSED TRANSMISSION MAINS AND COST ESTIMATE
EXISTING SERVICE AREA
I Size Length Estimated
Description From To (In.) (Ft.) Cost
I Existing 10" near
146th St. Rolling Hill Dr. U.S. 31 10 1,100 43,500
I South of Walter
Cross Country 146th St. St. 10 3,000 94,700
2nd St. S.W. 3rd Ave. S.W. 2nd Ave. S.W. 12 350 16,000
1 2nd Ave. S.W. 2nd St. S.W. Plant 2 12 400 18,200
Carey Rd. 146th St. 136th St. 12 5,550 252,600
1 Cross Country Proposed Plant 5 South to 126th St. 16 500
Cross Country Proposed Plant 5 North to 131st St. 20 2,300
I North of Proposed
131st St. Cherry Tree Ave. Plant 5 20 2,200
I Existing 12 near West of State
131st St. Lexington Blvd. Hwy. 431 16 1,500 90,700
131st St., west of 126th St., west of
I S.R. 431 State Hwy. 431 State Hwy. 431 12 2,750 125,200
Existing 10 west of Existing 10 east
126th St. State Hwy. 431 of State Hwy. 431 10 600 38,700
I 126th St. East of Lawrence Rd. Plant 3 12 2,500 113,800
126th St. Plant 3 Brookshire Pkwy. 12 1,050 47,800
126th St. Brookshire Pkwy. Gray Rd. 12 1,300 59,200
TOTAL ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COSTS 900,400
I ALLOWANCE FOR CONTINGENCIES 90,000
SUBTOTAL 990,400
1 ENGINEERING AND CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION 148,600
TOTAL $1,139,000
1
Included in Plant 5 project.
1
I 21838DLR -28- Jones Henry Engineers, Inc.
1 Water Master Plan Update for Proposed Transmission
the City of Carmel, Indiana Mains and Cost Estimate
III
TABLE 8
1 CITY OF CARMEL, INDIANA
WATER MASTER PLAN UPDATE
1 PROPOSED TRANSMISSION MAINS AND COST ESTIMATE
FOR AVAILABILITY CONTRIBUTION
I Size Length Estimated
Description From To (In.) (Ft.) Cost
I EXISTING SERVICE AREA
Existing 12 east
I 136th St. 1st Ave. N.E. of State Hwy. 431 12 3,750 185,700
131st St. Brookshire Pkwy. Gray Rd. 16 1,850 111,800
1 131st St. Gray Rd. Harrison Dr. 16 1,200 72,500
131st St. Harrison Dr. Cherry Tree Ave. 12 1,450 52,900
I West of State Existing 16 south
131st St. Hwy. 431 of Ironwood Ct. 16 4,000 256,800
North of Proposed
1 131st St. Plant 5 River Ave. 16 6,400 315,100
SUBTOTAL $994,800
1 EAST OF EXISTING SERVICE AREA
146th St. Gray Rd. Hazeldell Rd. 12 5,450 198,700
1 146th St. Hazeldell Rd. West of River Ave. 12 8,850 322,700
Cross Country/ 146th St. west of
River Ave. River Ave. River Ave. 12 6,700 244,300
I River Ave. North of 131st St. 131st St. 12 2,850 103,900
131st St, west of river 126th St. and
1 Cross Country Ave. Lynwood Ave 12 2,750 100,300
Lynwood Ave 126th Ave. 122nd St. 12 2,800 102,100
I River Ave. 122nd St. 116th St. 12 3,850 140,400
East of Deer
116th St. Park Lane River Ave. 12 3,000 109,400
I South of
126th St. Proposed Plant 5 Lynwood Ave. 12 4,450 162,200
1
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21838DLR -29- Jones Henry Engineers, Inc.
I Water Master Plan Update for Proposed Transmission
the City of Carmel, Indiana Mains and Cost Estimate
1 TABLE 8
(Continued)
1
I Size Length Estimated
Description From To (In.) (Ft.) Cost
Cherry Tree Ave.,
1 Cross Country south
Tree Rd. of Cherry River Ave., north
of 131st St. 12 6,900 251,600
North of Telford
I Hazeldell Rd. Pkwy. 146th St. 12 2,700 98,400
Cherry Tree Rd. Hazeldell Rd. 146th St. 8 6,700 179,200
I Cross Country Cherry Tree Rd. River Ave. 8 6,700 179,200
North to Proposed
Cross Country 131st St. 12" Line 8 2,800 74,900
I East to Proposed
Cross Country Gray Rd. 12" Line 12 4,950 180,500
Proposed 12"
I
Cross Country Line Lynwood Ave. 8 4,150 111,000
South to Proposed
I Cross Country 126th St. 12" Line 12 1,900 69,300
SUBTOTAL $2,628,100
TOTAL ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COSTS $3,622,900
I ALLOWANCE FOR CONTINGENCIES 362,300
SUBTOTAL $3,985,200
1
ENGINEERING AND CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION 597,800
TOTAL $4,583,000
1
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21838D1.R -30- Jones Henry Engineers, Inc.
Water Master Plan Update for Availability Contribution and
the City of Carmel, Indiana Equivalent User Contribution Costs
AVAILABILITY CONTRIBUTION AND
EQUIVALENT USER CONTRIBUTION COSTS
1
1 The "Availability Contribution" cost is a fee imposed when an extension is made to any City
owned water supply transmission line or to any part of the City -owned water distribution
1 system as a contribution to the "Water Main Extension Fund" for project costs of specific off-
1 site transmission lines, on -site distribution system oversizing, and/or existing system
reinforcing. This cost is defined in Chapter 9, Article 2, Sec. 9 -31 to 32 of the City Ordinance.
1 The current "Availability Contribution" cost is $900.00 per acre.
The "Availability Contribution cost is determined by summing the total project costs of the
1 anticipated off -site transmission lines, on -site distribution system oversizing, and/or existing
system reinforcing required to provide water to unserved areas, subtracting the current
uncommitted balance of the Water Main Extension Fund, and dividing that amount by the
g Y
1 total acres of unserved areas.
Future connections of currently unserved Carmel areas and the expansion of the existing
g
1 service area to the White River are expected to increase maximum -day demand by
approximately 7.35 mgd. The safe capacity of the Carmel Water Facilities is currently
1 deficient by 1.78 mgd. With a combined existing plant capacity of about 6.07 mgd, the
1 existing system and the recommended lines in the unserved areas were based on a total
water usage of 16 mgd. The total project costs are given in Table 8 for the anticipated off -site
1 transmission lines, on -site distribution system oversizing, and/or existing system reinforcing
for the "Availability Contribution."
1
21838DLI2 _31_ M M Jones Henry Engineers, ineers Inc.
Water Master Plan Update for Availability Contribution and
the City of Carmel, Indiana Equivalent User Contribution Costs
The recommended water mains for the existing water service area given in Table 7 are not
included in the "Availability Contribution."
The uncommitted balance of the Water Main Extension Fund as daily 30, 1992 is $758,527.
The anticipated total number of acres to be served for the "Availability Contribution" cost was
calculated by summing the number of acres currently not served (380) within the present
service area and the estimated additional acres (3,420) that would result from expanding the
existing service area east to the White River, giving a total of 3,800 acres (see Table 9).
Availability Contribution
y $4,583,000 $758,527
3,800 acres
$1,010 /acre
The "Equivalent User Contribution" cost is a fee imposed when an individual connection is
sought for acreage or developed areas inside or outside the City as a contribution to the
"Water Facilities Expansion Fund" for the construction of additional water supply, treatment,
and storage facilities. This cost is defined in Chapter 9, Article 2, Sec. 9 35 of the City
Ordinance and is currently $650.00. The "Equivalent User Contribution" cost is multiplied
by the appropriate factor based on the type of occupancy. The "equivalent user" factor for a
single family residence is 1. Therefore, the "Equivalent User Contribution" cost for a single
family residence is $650.00. The current "equivalent user" factors are given in Table 10 and
are assumed to remain unchanged.
21838DLR -32- Jones Henry Engineers, Inc.
I Water Master Plan Update for Availability Contribution and
the City of Carmel, Indiana Equivalent User Contribution Costs
I TABLE 9
I CITY OF CARMEL, INDIANA
WATER MASTER PLAN UPDATE
I CHARGE EVALUATION CONTRIBUTING
ACRES, POPULATION, AND NUMBER
OF SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENCES
I Availability Contribution Equivalent User Contribution
I Number of Number of
Number of Single Family Number of Single Family
Acres Population Residences Acres Population Residences
Existing Service Area
I
Unserved Population 47 200 67 47 200 67
I Vacant Lots (Already Contributed) 992 4,251 1,417
Acres Vacant Land 333 1,428 476 333 1,428 476
1 Sub -Total 380 1,628 543 1,372 5,879 1,960
Expanded Service Area
I Unserved Area 3,322 14,237 4,746 3,322 14,237 4,746
Avian Glen" 98 420 140 136 583 194
I Waterston (Already Contributed) 157 673 224
Sub -Total 3,420 14,657 4,886 3,615 15,493 5,164
I Total 3,800 16,285 5,429 4,987 21,372 7,124
Avian Glen 38 acres have already contributed the "Availability Contribution" costs.
1
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21838DLR -33- Jones Henry Engineers, Inc.
1 Water Master Plan Update for Availability Contribution and
the City of Carmel, Indiana Equivalent User Contribution Costs
TABLE 10
1 CITY OF CARMEL, INDIANA
WATER MASTER PLAN UPDATE
1 EQUIVALENT USER FACTOR
1 Equivalent User Contribution Multiplier Factor
Airports 0.015/Passenger
I Apartments and town houses 0.54/Each 1 Bedroom Unit
Apartments and town houses 0.81/Each 2 Bedroom Unit
Apartments and town houses 1.00/Each Over 2 Bedroom Unit
I Barber Shop 0.30 /Chair
Bars Cocktail Lounges 0.10 /Seat
Beauty Shops 0.90 /Chair
I Bowling Alley 0.40 /Alley
Car Washes 0.80 /sq ft Inside
Churches 0.008 /Sanctuary Seat
Dentist Office 0.25 /Chair
I Drive -In Restaurants 0.40 /Car Space
Drive -In Theaters 0.10 /Car Space
Retail Space 1.0 /per 1000 sq ft
I W/Fountain Service, Add: 0.10 /Seat
Duplex Residence 2.0
Institutions other than Hospitals 0.50/Bed
1 Launderette 2.0/Machine
Mobile Home Park 0.70/Unit
Motels 0.50/Room
I Offices 0.5 /per 1000 sq ft
Physicians Office 0.60/Examining Room
Restaurant 0.10 /Seat
I Rooming Houses 0.30/Renter
Service Stations 0.70/Island
Single Family Residence Condominiums 1.0
I Swimming Pools 1.60/1000 sq ft
Theater 0.10 /Seat
1
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1 21838DLR -34- Jones Henry Engineers, Inc.
Water Master Plan Update for Availability Contribution and
the City of Carmel, Indiana Equivalent User Contribution Costs
The "Equivalent User Contribution" i rmin i h r
q U cost is determined by summing the total project costs of
the anticipated water supply, treatment, and storage facilities required to provide water to
unserved areas and dividing that amount by the total number of single family residences to
be served.
Based on the projected maximum -day 16 mgd demand for the Carmel service area, less 6 mgd
combined existing plant capacity, less 4 mgd capacity from the currently proposed Plant 5,
plus 1 mgd replacement capacity for Plant 2, which is expected to be retired sometime within
the next 20 years, yields 7 mgd of required water supply and treatment capacity to be
financed. In addition, 2 MG of storage facilities are required over the next 20 years. The
projected water supply, treatment, and storage facilities are estimated to cost $9,334,800.
This is based on historical project costs for 7 mgd of plant expansion at Plant 5, 2 MG of
elevated storage, and eight 1 -mgd water supply wells.
The costs for constructing Plant 5 are not included in the "Equivalent User Contribution."
The existing balance of the Water Facilities Expansion Fund is being used to construct
currently needed improvements in the water supply, treatment, and storage facilities for the
City of Carmel and are not included in the proposed "Equivalent User Contribution."
The total anticipated number of single family residences for the "Equivalent User
Contribution" cost is 1,960 for the unserved areas within the present service area and 5,164
for the expanded service area to the White River, giving a total of 7,124 single family
residences (see Table 9).
Equivalent User Contribution $9,334,800
7,124 single family residences
$1,310 /single family residence
21838DLR -35- Jones Henry Engineers, Inc.
Water Master Plan Update for Availability Contribution and
the City of Carmel, Indiana Equivalent User Contribution Costs
1
Figure 4 shows the Carmel Service Area used in the charge evaluations. The Official Land
Use and Thoroughfare Plan of the 1991 Comprehensive Plan Update, Plate 13, is an
illustrative representation reflecting a consensus opinion of an overall vision of the
distribution and density of land use across the community. This plan was used in projecting
1 water system needs. Future development is assumed to be primarily single family residences
even though some commercial office area is shown. If significant commercial office area is
expected to develop, water demand should be determined prior to designing the area water
mains.
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21838DI.It -36- Jones Henry Engineers, Inc.
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